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Search of effective cobalt chelators - 8-hydroxyquinolines
Pelnářová, Karolína ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Carazo Fernández, Alejandro (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Karolína Pelnářová Supervisor: Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, PharmD., Ph.D. Consultant: Václav Tvrdý, MSc.; Marcel Hrubša, MSc. Title of diploma thesis: Searching of effective cobalt chelators - 8-hydroxyquinolines Cobalt is one of the essential trace elements present in the human body. It forms a part of the organometallic complex of vitamin B12, which is essential for many physiological functions. Both overload and lack of cobalt in the body is associated with pathological conditions. Manifestations of deficiency can lead up to pernicious anemia or hypofunction of the thyroid gland. Cobalt intoxication can occur in an industrial environment, such as by cobalt metal dust during heavy metal processing, or by its release due to corrosion from orthopedic prostheses. Systemic toxicity is manifested by a number of endocrine, cardiovascular and neurological symptoms. The main aim of this diploma thesis was to find effective chelators of cobalt from the group of substances derived from 8-hydroxyquinoline. In vitro spectrophotometric measurement was used to determine the degree of chelation. The effect of chelation was also monitored ex vivo in rat erythrocytes. All tested chelators - 8-hydroxyquinoline,...
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Preparation of polymeric fluorescent nanopyrticles
Širajová, Daniela ; Holas, Ondřej (advisor) ; Svačinová, Petra (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Consultant: PharmDr. Ondřej Holas, PhD. Student: Daniela Širajová Title of thesis: Preparation of polymeric fluorescent nanoparticles Nanoparticles based on biodegradable polyesters are a widely used platform for targeted drug delivery and subsequent controlled release. The aim of this diploma thesis was to prepare and optimize the preparation of polymeric nanoparticles with a fluorescent dye as a model substance. The nanoprecipitation method was used to prepare the nanoparticles. Nanoparticles prepared from two types of PLGA polymers (COOH terminated and ester terminated) were evaluated and compared. The surfactant and stabilizer were used in various concentration ratios to optimize the preparation. The surfactant was sodium cholate at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 5%. The nanoparticles were stabilized with Pluronic F-127 poloxamer at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5% and 1%. Nanoparticles were compared in terms of encapsulation efficiency, particle size and zeta potential. In a dissolution experiment, the amount of fluorescein released was evaluated and compared as a function of time (48 hours) with acid-terminated PLGA and sodium cholate at concentrations of 0.1% and 2%....
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Deposition of inhaled particles in a model of child lungs
Čederle, Jakub ; Pokorný, Jan (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
This thesis presents a summary of research of deposition of inhaled particles in children’s respiratory system which was mainly conducted on realistic model of children's lungs. Experimental part introduces BUT model representing airways of 5-years-old child which served for measurements of regional deposition. Bachelor's thesis furthermore sums up basic knowledge of respiratory system and points out anatomical and physiological differences between children and adults in given field. There are described basic deposition mechanisms and their impact on aerosol therapy as well.
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Comparison of salinity tolerance of selected hemp genotypes grown in vitro
Janošťáková, Barbora
Salinity stress is a threat for present population, but most importantly for future generations. Salinization of soil is a current issue, which should not be underestimated. Most of the usual crops are not physiologically adapted to survive in saline soil, which means reduced yields of edible plants. As the population grows and the harvest decreases, it is becoming clear that the ratio is getting imbalanced and there is a serious threat of food shortage. This thesis aims to assess and follow the negative effects of NaCl on hemp plants which have been cultivated in vitro. The impact of NaCl was monitored and recorded. The results were shown in graphs, which helped to evaluate more clearly the effect of NaCl on hemp plants. NaCl affected morphology and specific physiological parameters of Beniko and Fibrol hemp breed. The results clearly show the influence of increasing NaCl concentration on plants including changes at the cellular level.
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Kultivace Vitis vinifera v podmínkách in vitro a převod do in vivo podmínek
Bechyňová, Soňa
I examined in vitro behaviour three table varieties of grapes and Vitis rootstock Craciunel 2 during different micropropagation stages and different rhizogenezis media composition in vitro conditions. The experiment held the place in Lednice na Morave in 2018. So far have been achieved best results of 90% rooting success with DKW medium with the addition of growth regulators at this concentration of 0,2 mg.l-1 NAA + 0,2 mg.l-1 IAA + 1 mg.l-1 IBA. Multiplication protocol suitable for use in horticultural practice were optimized for Craciunel 2. Different media factors affect rooting have been determined.
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Zakořeňování Vitis vinifera v podmínkách in vitro
Klementová, Barbora
This diploma thesis deals with the composition of culture media for rooting Vitis vinifera in vitro. Based on the findings of the literary research, various compositions of culture media have been suggested. The success of rooting on individual media has been evaluated.
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Possibilities of ex situ protection of rare and endangered plant species
Vítová, Jana ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Dostálek, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to present the possibilities, significance and possible problems of ex-situ protection for the future conservation of biodiversity of plants on Earth. In the introductory part of the thesis, the individual processes and programs of ex situ protection are described, with the help of literature search. At the same time, information on international cooperation in the field of seed banks and botanical gardens is presented, which, through their activities and mutual cooperation, create rescue programs to secure as many samples of plant material for possible future use. The work also mentions international plant databases, which provide the accurate and detailed information about the preserved material of rare and endangered plant species for the public. Further in the thesis, the currently known problems of ex situ protection with their impacts on the collected and stored material are mapped. Keywords Ex situ conservation, threatened plants, Ministry of the Environment, database, seed dormancy, inbreeding, outbreed depression, cultivation, seed bank, botanical gardens, tissue cultures, in vitro, genetic drift, mutation, hybridization, wildlife conservation, endangered species, threatened species
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Screening of novel chelators of microbiogenic metals
Catapano, Maria Carmen ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Hrdina, Radomír (referee) ; Musiol, Robert (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Maria Carmen Catapano, MSc. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, PharmD., Ph.D. Co-supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Laura Mercolini, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Screening of novel chelators of microbiogenic metals Iron, copper and zinc are microbiogenic elements which play crucial roles in a series of physiological processes in human organism. Homeostasis of these transition metals is strictly regulated since, among others: a) free or loosely bound iron or copper can catalyse the production of hydroxyl radical; b) lack of zinc but also of the previously mentioned metals is associated with significant impairments. Hereditary hemochromatosis, transfusion-induced secondary iron overload and Wilson's disease are known as pathological conditions associated with metal overload in the organism. Chelator agents have vital relevance for the treatment of these impairments. There are also numerous diseases with homeostatic imbalances in iron, copper and or zinc: neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes mellitus. Different chelating compounds have been examined for the treatment of these impairments. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to perform a screening of metal...
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In vitro Methods for the Prediction of Blood Brain Barrier Penetration
Zálešáková, Helena ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Čečková, Martina (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Helena Zálešáková Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršálová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro Methods for the Prediction of Blood Brain Barrier Penetration This thesis deals with the correlation between two in vitro models simulating the blood- brain barrier (HEB, hematoencephalic barrier) and their comparison in terms of practical use. These are the PAMPA (Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay) method and the MDCK (Madin-Darby Canine Kidney) cell line, which are models for potential central nervous system (CNS) penetration screening. Within this work, a set of sixteen standard drugs were measured. The procedure was similar in both methods in order to obtain information on the amount of test substances passing through the membrane from the donor portion of the plate to the acceptor. The concentration in the donor portion was measured by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The main difference between these methods is the membrane through which the substances penetrate. In the case of PAMPA, a lipid solution that has been isolated from pig brain (PBL, polar brain lipid) is used. This lipid simulates the phospholipid membrane of the brain capillary endothelium. In the MDCK model, the membrane...
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In vitro Methods for the Prediction of Blood Brain Barrier Penetration
Zálešáková, Helena ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Čečková, Martina (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Helena Zálešáková Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršálová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro Methods for the Prediction of Blood Brain Barrier Penetration This thesis deals with the correlation between two in vitro models simulating the blood- brain barrier (HEB, hematoencephalic barrier) and their comparison in terms of practical use. These are the PAMPA (Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay) method and the MDCK (Madin-Darby Canine Kidney) cell line, which are models for potential central nervous system (CNS) penetration screening. Within this work, a set of sixteen standard drugs were measured. The procedure was similar in both methods in order to obtain information on the amount of test substances passing through the membrane from the donor portion of the plate to the acceptor. The concentration in the donor portion was measured by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The main difference between these methods is the membrane through which the substances penetrate. In the case of PAMPA, a lipid solution that has been isolated from pig brain (PBL, polar brain lipid) is used. This lipid simulates the phospholipid membrane of the brain capillary endothelium. In the MDCK model, the membrane...
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