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Complications of central venous catheters applications 2011 CDC guedelines
Šťastná, Monika ; Michálek, Pavel (advisor) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
In the presented diploma thesis I deal with the issue of proper insertion of short-term central venous catheters, adherence to procedures by medical and non-medical staff according to CDC guidelines 2011 during insertion and subsequent treatment in intensive care in a faculty-type medical facility. The aim of the diploma thesis is to determine the occurrence of complications, especially infectious, the level of adherence to recommended procedures in practice according to 2011 CDC guidelines, central venous catheter manipulation, comparison of real activities with recommendations and mapping the level of knowledge of non-medical staff about short-term central venous catheters. The theoretical part deals with the importance of clinical guidelines, central venous catheter in general, complications associated with the central venous catheter and prevention of infectious complications of invasive inputs. For the empirical part of the diploma thesis, a prospective non- randomized observational study of cannulation and possible complications associated with a short- term central venous catheter according to CDC 2011 guidelines was chosen to determine real procedures for insertion, treatment and removal of a short-term central venous catheter. This was supplemented by an exploratory questionnaire survey of...
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Variation of abnormalities of foramen obturatum and retropubic space and its relation to complications of tape surgery
Hubka, Petr ; Mašata, Jaromír (advisor) ; Smetana, Karel (referee) ; Krofta, Ladislav (referee)
Introduction: The knowledge of anatomy is crucial for introduction of new surgical methods. It is also of especial use while dealing with surgical complications during surgeries with limited surgical field, where the way of approach limits the management of complications. It was assumed that common anatomical variations would influence different efficacy of surgeries and would explain potential complications. Methods: During anatomical dissections fifty female cadavers were dissected and tension-free vaginal tapes TVT-S H, TVT-S U, TVT Abbrevo and Ajust were studied. A novel descriptive system for localisation of the tape was created. During the dissection the tape was located and its localisation and fixation was described. Results: Common anatomical variation in the sample was corona mortis with frequency of 72 %. Preperitoneal fatty plug, which is recognized by some authors as the first stage of obturator hernia, was found in 40 % in obturator canal. The proper fixation of TVT-S H was achieved in 53.6 %. In 10.5 % urinary bladder was injured. In case of TVT-S U the proper fixation occurred in 63.8 %. In two cases the inserter was nearby corona mortis. Within the group of TVTO Abbrevo the tape was fixated properly into the obturator complex (consists of the obturator membrane and obturator muscles) in...
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Volunteering for seniors from the perspective of young volunteers
Anisimova, Alina ; Pospíšilová, Tereza (advisor) ; Šťovíčková Jantulová, Magdaléna (referee)
This thesis is focused on the study of volunteering for seniors from the perspective of young volunteers. There is paid a significant attention in the theoretical and empirical parts to the motivations for involvement in volunteering. Obtained from respondents data imply benefits and complications described and grouped in the Research results part. Another area of research are relationships with volunteers' own grandparents; their influence on the decision to start volunteering and on the development of a relationship with the client. Key words Volunteering, youth, elderly, grandparents, motivations, benefits, complications
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Attending physicians awareness of the possibilities of orthotic - protectic treatment of diabetic foot syndrome
Potěšil, Jan ; Černý, Pavel (advisor) ; Pavlů, Dagmar (referee)
Title: Attending physicians' awareness of the possibilities of orthotic-prosthetic treatment of diabetic foot syndrome Objectives: Objective of the thesis was to find out the current level of knowledge about orthotic-prosthetic therapy of diabetic foot syndrome among doctors, their attitude, and common practice in this field. Methods: The research was based on KAP (knowledge, attitude and practice) type of descriptive study. Questionnaire survey was used to collect data. It was necessary to create a new questionnaire in accordance with WHO guidelines. It was anonymous and shared through electronic form. The survey lasted two months and it was completed by 79 specialists in various fields of medicine. Eleven of them had to be excluded from the research. Data analysis was made in Microsoft Excel 365. Results: Diabetic foot syndrome is a serious complication of diabetes, which threatens more and more people every year. According to the results of the study, doctors are aware of that and understand the importance of orthotic-prosthetic therapy in management of the syndrome. On the other hand, they think this kind of therapy is underused. Their knowledge in this field is average, especially about orthosis use. The good news is that they want to learn more about this kind of therapy. Doctors don't use...
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Education of Patients Newly Diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus type 2
Herentinová, Marie ; Kordulová, Pavla (advisor) ; Bohuslavová, Monika (referee)
An Introduction to the Topic and Why it is Significant: The numbers of patients with second type of diabetes mellitus is every year increasing. Whether is genetic predisposition for this kind of disease important, for increasing trend is provably crucial unhealthy life style. Imbalanced nutrition with domination of carbohydrates, absence of regular movement and finally gaining weight are the main factors. Diabetes is potentially very serious disease, in case is not properly treated, can caused serious results even rising of disability, for example kidney malfunction and than dialysis dependency, limb amputation or blindness. The treatment of this disease is based on non-pharmacological procurement as nutrition precautions and increasing of sport activities but also pharmacological treatment. Very important part of treatment is consistent, repetitive and effective education (Karen & Svačina, 2020). Methodology: For the elaboration of the bachelor's thesis, I chose a case study of a patient who was diagnosed with type 2 DM. Educational procedures are presented in a specific case. The aim of the work: Conducting basic education at the beginning of diagnosis. Implementation of a comprehensive education, which already deepens the acquired knowledge and skills from the basic. And the implementation of...
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The influence of nursing procedures on the incidence of vascular access complications during home parenteral nutrition
Chalušová, Petra ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Pražáková, Zuzana (referee)
(EN) Home parenteral nutrition (DPV) has become a routine part of patients care whose oral intake is reduced or completely eliminated. An integral part of the application of DPV is also the permanent or temporary need for functioning vascular access. Catheter complications negatively affect the quality of life, morbidity and in case of catheter sepsis the patient mortality. In addition it also brings increased costs for therapy and the need for patients re-hospitalization. The main objective of our study is to analyze catheter-related complications and to determine whether use of catheter plugs like TauroLock and TauroLock Hep and Tegaderm CHG antimicrobial dressing affect the incidence of catheter complications with DPV, and whether the incidence of complications is affected by a person who treated the catheter. The secondary objective is to characterize patients with served DPV and types of catheter used for this purpose.The method chosen is a retrospective observational cohort study. The study contains 52 patients with 72 catheters (39 Broviac, 18 PICC and 15 ports). The monitored number of catheter- days in total was 33,875. We conclude that the use TauroLock Hep is effective in the prevention of catheter complications and significantly reduces the overall incidence of all complications (p =...
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Nutrition in pregnancy with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Dolejšová, Lenka ; Flekač, Milan (advisor) ; Polák, Jan (referee)
Pregnancy is a very important period in every woman's life, especially for women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. It brings many changes that affect the level of blood glucose, whose stabilization is the main point of a successful pregnancy. Glycemic stabilization should ideally occur at least three months before conception. Its achievement is mainly due to a properly composed diet, which also has an irreplaceable influence on healthy fetal development. Insufficiently compensated diabetes may be associated with complications for both the baby and the mother. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to summarize available information and find out the knowledge of women with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the topics of nutrition and diabetes compensation during pregnancy. Thereafter to compare the found knowledge of women with the recommendations and depending on the relationship of the respondents to pregnancy, ie whether they were pregnant, do or do not plan pregnancy. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes the basic facts about relation of diabetes to pregnancy - recommendation for treatment in the period before conception and during pregnancy and related complications for mother and child. It also provides an overview of essential nutrients and micronutrients affecting maternal and fetal health. In...
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Nurses and donors view on the problematics of blood donation
FUNDOVÁ, Simona
The main aim of this thesis is to map the issue of blood donation from the perspective of nurses and donors. The theoretical part is focused on issues related to blood donation. The criteria which the donor must comply are described, as well as the benefits provided to blood donors, the types of donations and the complications of the donations. There is also a description of blood donation from the viewpoint of both donors and nurses. The research is focused on motivating and demotivating factors connected with blood donation, complications associated with blood collection and an overall view of the blood donation process by both donors and nurses. The empirical part of the thesis is elaborated by means of a qualitative research which is carried out by the technique of semi-structured interview. The interviews are conducted by blood donors and nurses working at the Blood Donor Station in one of the South Bohemian hospitals. The research achieved lots of results. According to the findings, the main motivation of the interviewed donors was a selfless help to another person. On the contrary, demotivating factors of the donators were lack of time and fear of potential complications. Another outcome of the research pointed to donor satisfaction with nursing care and the approach of nurses at the blood donor station in general. On the other hand, the perspective of the nurses was mapped too. The main finding from their point of view was the communication with donors which appeared as the most difficult action of the whole blood donation process. Following the results from nurses, the most frequent complication connected with blood donation are an overall nausea, collapse and haematoma. The work provides an overview of blood donation. The output is information material for potential blood donors.
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Abortion and its consequences
ROZMILEROVÁ, Martina
The topic of the bachelor thesis is abortion and its consequences. Cancellation and its issues is currently a very topical and discussed topic. The bachelor thesis consists two parts, namely theoretical part and research part. In the theoretical part of the bachelor thesis is described a disorder, its methods are divided according to the length of pregnancy of the woman and the complications that can arise as a result of artificial interruption of pregnancy. The theoretical part is also a chapter depicting the historical development of the testimony from the antiquity to the 21st century. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis concludes with a chapter dealing with the ethical aspect of abortion. Two objectives were set for the research part of the bachelor thesis. Through the first goal, women's attitudes to interruption and its consequences were identified. By setting the second goal, the opinions of midwives were mapped to the issue of abortion The research quality survey was conducted through semi-structured individual interviews. Before the interviews, gynecologists, interviewed midwives and women were introduced to the topic of the bachelor's thesis, research goals and questions. On the basis of the assurance of the preservation of anonymity, applications for cooperation were signed. Women interviews were conducted in the months of April and May in 2017 in the home environment of respondents. A total of fifteen open questions were put together for the interview. The first four questions identified the basic identification data of women, followed by eleven questions that focused on the interruption, its complications and its implications. Interviews with midwives were performed in April, May and June in 2017 in selected gynecological clinics in the South Bohemian Region. A total of thirteen open questions were set up for the interview, dealing with the interruptions and a range of issues surrounding it. The interviews with women and midwives were rewritten into the printed form and analyzed by the dyeing method. On the basis of the analyzed data, the main categories and subcategories were identified. Data obtained from interviews with women were divided into three main categories, which were extended by seven subcategories. Analyzed data from interviews with midwives were divided into four main categories, supplemented by nine subcategories. The results of the research show that most women surveyed have problems with abortion and its problematic neutral attitude. Five out of eight interviewed women consider abortion to be an essential part of women's life for the choice that every woman has a right without having to explain or prevent it. Only three respondents showed a negative attitude to abortion. Two women say their negative attitude to the violation is heavily influenced by the Christian faith they profess. Only one woman said the negative attitude to the violation was based on her own conviction. Like women and most interviewed midwives, she has a neutral view of abortion and her problems. Only one of the five midwives interviewed had negative opinions about the interruption, but at the same time stated that this opinion always stayed outside the door of the surgery, and during her practice she did not allow her attitude to affect her professional attitude and understanding of the woman and her decisions. The results of the research can be used as information material for midwives, in the education of women on the topic of abortion and its consequences. This bachelor thesis could also be suitable for women as a source of information on this issue.
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