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Possibilities of influencing compliance with following diabetic regimes from the perspective of nutrition therapist
Kučerová, Denisa ; Vachek, Jan (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Only in the Czech Republic, we detect over one million people diagnosed with this disease. By 2045, over 700 million people are predicted to be diagnosed with diabetes worldwide (Global diabetes data report 2000 - 2045 (diabetesatlas.org)). Medical community and pharmaceutical companies give big importance and pay significant attention to the development of innovative ways of treatment. Nowadays, there is a wide range of treatment available, but only hand in hand with the right compliance and patient's motivation can medical treatment bring the desired outcome. This bachelor thesis aims to explore the level of awareness among diabetic patients about the disease itself and nutrition knowledge through out a questionnaire survey. The main part of the thesis describes factors that can help with the patient's motivation. Questionnaire survey was used in a set of 271 patients treated in Klatovska nemocnice. Results of the survey are presented in the form of graphs. Results of the survey show that men are more satisfied with the ongoing threatment than females. On the other hand, both men and women do not view the level of education...
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Regime of a Diabetic Patient during Hospitalization in the Surgical Ward at IKEM
Slavíková, Petra ; Bakusová, Tereza (advisor) ; Komínek, Tomáš (referee)
The bachelor's thesis focuses on research during the hospitalization of three type II. diabetics at the Transplantation Surgery Clinic at IKEM. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part describes the anatomy, history of diabetes, diagnosis, possible complications of diabetes, potential therapy, education of diabetics, and nursing care for diabetics. The practical part focuses on independent research of the regime by monitoring the diabetics for two days during their hospitalization. The aim of the thesis is to focus on the precise course of hospitalization for diabetics. The aim is not to control the correct course, but rather to examine the regime that is provided to diabetics on the surgical ward at IKEM. The thesis evaluates the regularity and amount of food intake, blood glucose measurements, insulin administration, and adherence to dietary measures. The thesis describes the individual nutrition of the selected diabetics, with precisely measured blood glucose values and the amount of insulin administered. It also includes final questioning of the patients on specific questions closely related to the regime. The goal of the interview was to identify potential complications that patients suffer from. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, blood glucose, IKEM, nursing care
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Diabetes mellitus and breast cancer screening in Czechia in the context of socio-economic factors
Vrchlavská, Eliška ; Kulhánová, Ivana (advisor) ; Brož, Jan (referee)
This thesis focuses on the relationship of diabetes mellitus and participation in mammography screening in women in the Czechia under the influence of socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors, and it is based on the assumption that women with diabetes mellitus participate in secondary prevention of breast cancer less frequently than women without diabetes. Logistic regression analysis methods were used to assess the relationship between participation in mammography screening and diabetes, age, SES (education, household income) and lifestyle (obesity, smoking, alcohol) using European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) data from 2019. The link between SES and lifestyle is assessed for women with diabetes, as well as for women without the diagnosis. The results of this study do not show a statistically significant relationship between diabetes and participation in mammography screening, however, do demonstrate a socioeconomic gradient in participation in screening, both in the diabetes-free and diabetic populations. At the same time, they demonstrate an increased probability of participating in screening for occasional alcohol consumers. Key words: diabetes mellitus, breast cancer, mammography, EHIS, socioeconomic status
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The circulating cell-free DNA as a biomarker of civilization diseases
Dyachenko, Yulia ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Vaňková, Markéta (referee)
The incidence of civilization diseases in the population is increasing every year due to changing environmental conditions and modern lifestyles. These diseases reduce the quality of life, lead to health complications or even death of patients. This can be prevented by monitoring health status. Circulating free DNA (cfDNA) has the potential to be introduced as a non-invasive biomarker. Possible mechanisms of cfDNA release are apoptosis, necrosis, NETosis, pyroptosis and active secretion. The occurrence of these processes in some civilization diseases allows the use of cfDNA as a biomarker. The aim of this work was to summarize the current knowledge on the possibility of using cfDNA in the diagnosis, monitoring of the development and course of some diseases of civilization, namely obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke. From the available literature it can be concluded that cfDNA could be used in clinical practice for the purposes described above. Key words: Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), civilization diseases, biomarker, obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke.
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Diet at patients after total pancreatectomy
ŠEDIVÁ, Denisa
In the bachelor degree project Diet for the patients after total pancreatectomy I deal with a diet of the patients who underwent surgery called total pancreatectomy. The introduction of the theoretical part is focused on the anatomy of the pancreas and its function. The following part of the project is directly focused on carcinoma, its epidemiology, incidence, cause of the disease and also development. I also deal with clinical symptoms, treatment and pancreatectomy itself. The last part of the project is oriented towards nutrition for the patients after surgery. Further in this section, I deal with pancreatic and diabetic diet and diet during chemotherapy, which many of the respondents have undergone. As the goal of the project, I chose to look into the alimentation of the patients with this disease and to find out how difficult it is to combine three types of diet together. I focused on the observation of the intake of basic nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The practical part I compose as a qualitative research. There were 6 respondents who took part in the research. Unfortunately, only two of them provided me with their blood glucose values to evaluate their alimentation according to the diabetic diet. The result was very surprising. In relation to the seriousness of the illness, most of them ate basically without restriction. They were eating everything they wanted except sweet dishes, for example cakes and fried dishes. They just watched their blood glucose values. Despite all the experienced weight loss, their current alimentation meets recommendation and no one of them suffers from lack of any of the macronutrients according to the results.
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Case Study of Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient with the Unilateral Transmetatarsal Amputation
Pěničková, Anežka ; Kučerová, Ilona (advisor) ; Valentová, Zuzana (referee)
Author: Anežka Pěničková Supervisor: Ilona Kučerová, M. A. Title: Case Study of Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient with the Unilateral Transmetatarsal Amputation Objectives: The objective of this bachelor's thesis is an overview of information about diabetes in connection to lower limb amputation. It presents an in-depth case study of a patient with this diagnosis and her physiotherapy. Methods: This bachelor's thesis consists of two parts. The first part is a theoretical introduction with an overview of the body of knowledge about diabetes mellitus, its treatment, and about the diabetic foot syndrome. Furthermore, this part is a comprehensive introduction into the problem of lower limb amputation and the care patients with this diagnosis receive. The care is viewed through the prism of physical therapy, which can be beneficial also when complications associated with amputation occur. The second part offers a case study focused on physiotherapeutic care of a patient with the unilateral transmetatarsal amputation diagnosis. It includes the initial kinesiological analysis, detailed description of the therapy units, the kinesiological analysis at the end of the therapy and the evaluation of the outcome. The case study resulted from the author's practical training at the local hospital in Kladno...
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and its impact on quality of life
KUČEROVÁ, Ludmila
This bachelor's thesis focuses on children suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus and their parents. The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to assess how the parents of type 1 diabetic children evaluate the quality of life in connection with their children's disease and how the type 1 diabetics themselves evaluate it. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research strategies was chosen in the research. The structured interview technique was used in the qualitative strategy, and the PedsQLTM questionnaire was used in the quantitative part. Interviews were conducted with parents of children with type 1 diabetes and with the diabetics themselves. The interviews were recorded on a voice recorder and subsequently transcribed into a textual format in an electronic version. The questionnaire was used in both the version for children suffering from diabetes mellitus and in the version for parents of diabetics. The interviews were evaluated using open coding. Codes were then assigned to individual statements. The questionnaire was evaluated using descriptive statistics. The bachelor's thesis serves to increase public awareness of type 1 diabetes mellitus and its impact on the family.
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Hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic states of prehospital care
TOLINGER, Daniel
Diabetes mellitus is a frequently discussed lifestyle disease in today's society. Therefore, I decided to create this bachelor's thesis, which focuses on acute diabetic states in emergency medicine and pre-hospital care by the emergency medical service. The aim of the thesis is to provide an overview of standardized therapy in pre-hospital care and the most common causes of acute diabetic complications that can lead to hospitalization and even life-threatening situations for patients with diabetes. This goal was achieved by collecting data from emergency medical responders from the Emergency Medical Service. The knowledge gained from this work shows that the majority of acute diabetic states were caused by patient errors, whether in inappropriate increases in physical exertion or application of exogenous insulin outside of the prescribed regimen. For successful treatment of acute diabetic states, proper and quick diagnosis is crucial, based on a well-taken medical history and the use of available techniques. Targeted therapeutic procedures help manage these conditions without serious health consequences for patients. The scientific contribution of this work lies in its comprehensive and up-to-date approach to the topic, which enables a better understanding of the issue of acute diabetic states and provides a comprehensive view of current diagnosis and therapy in pre-hospital care. This work may be useful for physicians and nurses working in emergency medicine or emergency medical responders who encounter these conditions in practice. In conclusion, this bachelor's thesis serves primarily to improve the care of patients with acute diabetic states.
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Determination of glucose by different analytical systems
ŠTECHEROVÁ, Monika
The determination of blood glucose by three different analytic systems - Abbott Architect c16000, glucometr SensoStra GL 30 Touch and the self-monitoring glucometer Contour Plus. overall 30 random patient samples were measured at four analyzers. The mesured values for the internal control quality were evaluated and the regular verifications of the methods were realized at the analyzer Abbott Architect c16000 and glucometers SensoStar GL 30 Touch.
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