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The role of accumulation of iron and other metals in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases
Mašková, Jana ; Dušek, Petr (advisor) ; Vymazal, Josef (referee) ; Bártová, Petra (referee)
The role of metal accumulation in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases has been a hot topic in recent years due to the possibility of its treatment by chelating agents. Although the mechanisms of neurodegeneration are well known, the role of metal accumulation is still unclear. The main limitation are unsatisfactory methods for in vivo metal imaging; the most widely used technique is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our aim was to assess the possibility of using transcranial sonography (TCS) in differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and to further explore the underlying factors of echogenicity. In the first study, using TCS fusion with MRI, we focused on location verification of the commonly assessed structures (substantia nigra and nucleus lentiformis) and exclusion of possible focal structural changes affecting the echogenicity in WD and PD patients. Moreover, obtained MRI were used for semi-quantitative comparison with TCS images. Although TCS has been confirmed to be highly beneficial in differential diagnosis of Wilson's disease and it should be recommended as a screening method for extrapyramidal patients with atypical course of the disease, the direct relationship between TCS and metal deposits could not be proven. The obtained results from the ultrasound fusion...
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Determination of manganese in food supplements by atomic absorption spectrometry
Melicharová, Zuzana ; Hraníček, Jakub (advisor) ; Šíma, Jan (referee)
EN The main content of this thesis was the determination of manganese in the form of manganese ions in food supplements by the atomic absorption spectrometry. It was necessary to find the optimum conditions for this method, to conduct interference studies, to find a suitable way of transferring samples into solution and to determin manganese to achieve this goal. Following parameters were examined in optimalization study: beam height above burner edge, burner horizontal position, acetylene flow rate, torch angle, and spectral interval width. Copper, iron, sodium and calcium ions were investigated as interferents as they were present at the highest concentration in selected food supplements. The conversion of solid samples into solution was carried out in water and nitric acid at a room temperature as well as elevated temperature. These food supplements were selected for analysis: Calibrum 50 Plus, Caltrate Plus, Center A to Iron, DAS Gesunde Plus A-Z Multispectrum, GS Extra Strong Multivitamin, Spectrum 50+ and Supradyn Energy Complex. The manganese assay was performed on a GBC 933 AA spectrophotometer. Standard solutions were measured to determine the detection limit and the limit of determination of the instrument. The detection limit was 0.001 mg/l and the limit of determination was 0.004 mg/l...
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Foliar application of zinc reduces the risk of drought stress on poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)
Škarpa, P. ; Richter, R. ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Trnka, Miroslav
Especially in arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction of plant. Zinc, as one of the essential microelements in crop plant, plays a crucial role in resistance to drought stress. The objective of the vegetation experiment established in 2011-2015 on locality Zaboice was to explore the effect of the foliar zinc application on the yield of poppy in interactions with weather conditions observed years. Effect of zinc foliar application was significantly dependent on the average daily air temperature (r =-0.936). Foliar application of zinc increases production of poppy seed, in the range from 6.9 to 25.5 % and the efficiency of zinc foliar fertilization increases with a widening deficit rainfall calculated as the difference between the precipitation sum and reference evapotranspiration of poppy growing season (r =-0.9072). In general, the results of the present study indicate that usage of zinc foliar application reduces the harmful effects of water deficit stress and increases resistance to drought stress in poppy plant.
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Taxonomic position, phylogenetic relationships and metal resistance of green algae dominating in phytoplankton of two acid lakes
Barcyte, Dovile ; Nedbalová, Linda (advisor) ; Hašler, Petr (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to reveal the taxonomic position and phylogenetic relationships of the dominant planktonic algae in two acid metal-rich lakes (Hromnice Lake and Plešné Lake, Czech Republic) and to compare these isolates with other closely related strains with the focus on the tolerance to various toxic metals (Cr, Al, Cu, Mn, Zn, Hg). The phylogenetic analyses showed that both strains belong to species Coccomyxa simplex. It was the first evidence that specifically this species is capable to become the dominant phytoplankton alga in the extreme environment of acid lakes with increased supply of phosphorus. Based on 18S rDNA analysis, four independent phylogenetic lineages were revealed within the genus Coccomyxa with three of them containing isolates from acid freshwaters. Furthermore, new strains of the recently described species Coccomyxa polymorpha were found growing in various chemical solutions. The toxicity test revealed that Coccomyxa simplex strains isolated from Hromnice and Plešné lakes did not show any peculiar resistance to increased metal concentrations. A significantly strain-specific response was recorded in case of aluminum, however, it was not related to the concentration of this metal in the original habitat. The ability to thrive in extreme habitats is probably...
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Application of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Determination of Selected Elements from Potential Ecological Burden Area
Juránková, Lada ; Hraníček, Jakub (advisor) ; Šíma, Jan (referee)
This work is focused on the determination of selected (chemical) elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr, Na, K, Mg a Ca) in a potential ecological burden area using flame atomic absorption spectrometry as a detection technique. A potential ecological burden is represented by tires which are used as a construction material or as an environment surrounding for growing decorative and consumable plants. Analytes were determined in plant origin samples. Firstly, the samples were dried in a laboratory electric dryer. The weighted amount of a dried sample (approximately 0.2 g) was digested inside a microwave decomposition device with an addition of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. An optimization of experimental parameters was done for each of the elements before sample measuring. A burner height was optimized and 8 mm height was chosen as a optimum for most elements. Under the optimum condition basic characteristics were measured for each element separately. These characteristics included limits of detection that were: 0.05; 0.01; 0.08; 0.21; 0.02; 0.01; 0.01; 0.01 mg L-1 for the following elements: Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr, K, Ca, Mg and Na, respectively. The limits of quantification, sensitivity and repeatability were determined for each element as well. A significant attention was paid to the content of zinc in the studied...
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Determination of selenium and manganese in cerebrospinal fluid by atomic absorption spectrometry
Jiráková, Lucie ; Kotaška, Karel (advisor) ; Klapková, Eva (referee)
The aim of this study was to confirm the use of electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of selenium and manganese in the cerebrospinal fluid and to investigate concentrations of selenium and manganese in selected group of patients. For selenium was determined the detection limit 2,9 μg/l, for manganese 0,26 μg/l. 73 patients were examined (31 women, 42 men) whose average age was 14,1 years. The patients were divided into two groups according to age (56 children, 17 adults) and into two subgroups according to diagnoses (oncological, neurological). The control group consists of 18 subjects (5 women, 13 men, average age 21,7 years) with non-oncological and non-neurological diagnoses. We found significantly increased selenium concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in the control group, compared with the group with neurological diagnoses (median = 14,4 μg/l vs. 12,4 μg/l, p < 0.05). Elevated levels of manganese in cerebrospinal fluid was observed in a group of children with oncological diseases compared with control group (1,2 μg/l vs. 0,5 μg/l, p < 0.05). Determination of selenium and manganese in the cerebrospinal fluid may have diagnostic importance in selected groups of patients. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Cross-bridged cyclams as manganese(II) chelators
Míka, Luděk ; Kotek, Jan (advisor) ; Vojtíšek, Pavel (referee)
Title: Cross-bridged cyclams as manganese(II) chelators Autor: Bc. Luděk Míka Department: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Jan Kotek, Ph.D. Supervisor's e-mail address: modrej@natur.cuni.cz Abstract: The aim of this project was to synthesize a new kind of Mn(II) complexes with ligands derived from cross-bridged cyclam. These complexes may be potentially used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. Six macrobicyclic ligands with various pendant arm were synthesized, three complexes were sucesfully prepared. Electrochemical properties of prepared manganese(II) complexes with synthesized ligands were studied using cyclic voltammetry. Relaxivity of prepared complexes was determined by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Keywords: cross-bridged cyclam, phosphonate, phosphinate, pendant arms, manganese
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Design and synthesis of selective manganese(II) chelators
Míka, Luděk ; Kotek, Jan (advisor) ; Tauchman, Jiří (referee)
Title: Design and synthesis of selective manganese(II) chelators Autor: Luděk Míka Department: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Jan Kotek, Ph.D. Supervisor's e-mail address: modrej@natur.cuni.cz Abstract:Abstract:Abstract:Abstract: The aim of this project is to synthetize new kind of macrobicyclic ligands derived from cross-bridged cyclam for complexation of Mn2+ ions. These complexes may be potentially used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. Three macrobicyclic ligand with various pendant arms were synthesized. The ability to complex manganese(II) ions were studied by Mass Spectroscopy. Electrochemical properties of manganese(II) complexes with general chelating agents and one synthesized ligand were studied using cyclic voltammetry. Keywords:Keywords:Keywords:Keywords: cross-bridged cyclam, phosphonate, phosphinate, pendant arms, manganese
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Improvement of Manganese Separation in Drinking Water Treatment
Bartoš, Ladislav ; Janda, Václav (referee) ; Hlaváč, Jaroslav (referee) ; Dolejš, Petr (advisor)
The submitted paper covers manganese comprehensively. The introduction provides an overview of its basic physical and chemical properties. Its compounds are discussed individually, including their preparation, production, and practical uses. Furthermore, a list of analytical methods in which manganese is involved in the form of its compounds as reagents is included. The same section includes an overview of analytical methods whereby manganese and its compounds are detected, primarily in water industry processes. Attention is paid to manganese as a non-negligible constituent of the various parts of the environment. The section on manganese’s biogenic properties is interesting from the viewpoint of its toxicity as well as its role as an important biogenic element, indispensable primarily for mammals. The subsequent chapters discuss the various methods which are suitable, under specific conditions, for separation in the treatment of surface and underground water aimed at producing drinking, process, or industrial water, where a minimal concentration of this metal is required. The impact of the physical/chemical conditions which influence the efficiency of separation in a manner ranging from non-negligible to principal, is discussed further on. Given the specifics of treatment of surface [and] underground water, the chapters provide more details on the processes suitable for specific types of matrix and specific conditions. Next chapters sum up many years of the author’s observations and experiences in the various parts of the water management system, from the raw water source to treatment to distribution, focusing on surface and underground water separately. Last chapter describes the construction of a water treatment plant model, its launch and calibration, and the tests focused on separating manganese by way of coagulation using aluminium and iron sulphate.
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Evaluation of water quality in water treatment plant Mokošín
Vosáhlo, Jan ; Vybíralová, Pavla (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
The theme of this thesis is " Evaluation of water quality in water treatment plant Mokošín". The source of water supply are 4 artesian wells. The paper first describes the supply area and water treatment plant with individua water treatment technologies. In the practical section there is the specification of contaminating elements required to be separated at the water treatment plant. Since it is an underground source of water, there is an increased amount of iron and manganese. Increased attention is given to arsenic, which occurs in two water sources in recent years. There are also offered the possibilities of removing arsenic at water treatment plant and two filter materials tested in the laboratory. Monitoring of water quality takes place always in resources and after treatment in the time period of five years, the arsenic values are reported for ten years.
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