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IoT system for gardening
Mlčák, Petr ; Kiac, Martin (referee) ; Caha, Tomáš (advisor)
The thesis deals with the design and creation of a weather station suitable for gardeners. The created device is able to measure temperature, pressure, humidity, amount of precipitation, wind speed and direction, UV index and also temperature and soil moisture at several depths. The weather station is powered by a battery with auxiliary charging from a photovoltaic panel. The thesis is divided into several parts. The theoretical part describes the individual physical principles of measurement of the considered physical quantities. Subsequently, a comparison of available sensors is made and then a final selection is made. The third part deals with the design and implementation of the hardware circuitry including the creation of the PCB. In this section, the holders of each sensor are also designed for printing on a 3D printer, which are then printed. The fourth section deals with software design issues, which is described in more detail. Finally, the whole weather station is assembled, wired and the functionality of all components is verified by sending the measured data to Thingspeak.
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Analysis of selected variations of the gravity due to the mass dynamics
Volařík, Tomáš ; Lederer,, Martin (referee) ; Vatrt, Viliam (referee) ; Mojzeš,, Marcel (referee) ; Weigel, Josef (advisor)
This dissertation is focused on a study of selected environmental effects influencing terrestrial gravity observations. Global geopotential models were used to compute quantities of the disturbing gravity field and its variations during time period. Furthermore, analyses of an atmospherical and hydrological effects on the gravity observations were provided. The computation was realized at the station Pecný, however the concept was proved and compared with data from station Strasbourg. Consequently, the results were discussed with respect to quasigeoid modelling established from gravity and astrogeodetic measurements. The result and recommendations for future research are exposed.
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Wireless sensors network for measurement of soil water potential
Rášo, Peter ; Klusáček, Stanislav (referee) ; Havránek, Zdeněk (advisor)
Cílem tohoto projektu je vytvoření bezdrátové senzorické sítě na měření sacího potenciálu půdy. Práce obsahuje výběr vhodné měřící metody obsahu vody v půdě, jejíž součástí je i tvorba kalibrač˘ní křivky. Dále se zabývá realizací hardwaru a firmwaru pro dva typy modulů. Stanice end station, obsahující snímač˘e, a základní stanice base station, která přijímá a přeposílá data. Celá aplikace je doplněna o uživatelský program, který umožňuje zálohování dat, zobrazování průběhů dat včetně dat předchozích, změnu nastavení systému spolu s možností žádosti o potřebné informace.
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Determination of soil hydraulic characteristics in the selected location
Stoklásková, Adéla ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
This thesis deals with direct and indirect determination of soil hydraulic characteristics (retention curve and hydraulic conductivity) in the locality of Bohaté Málkovice. For laboratory determination of soil moisture retention curve is used sand tank and pressure relief device. For the indirect determination of soil hydraulic characteristics is used computer software Rosetta, which includes 5 models of pedotransfer functions. For estimatiton of retention curves are applied previously derived pedotransfer function (continuous parametric PTF and point PTF).
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Vliv konstrukce odhrnovaček na odpor pluhu
Opluštil, Adam
In the theoretical part, the construction of soil preparing machines is discussed, in particular the construction of ploughs is described and the construction of machines for minimizing soil preparing is also described. The practical part dealt with the investigation of two types of plough mouldboards. The first type of design is the standard mouldboard and the second type is the slatted mouldboard. The content of the work was, among other things, to determine which type of construction exerts more resistance on the whole plough. Pöttinger SERVO 45 M PLUS and SERVO 45 M PLUS NOVA ploughs were used for the measurements. Both ploughs were 4-radial reversible so that the results could be compared. A Zetor Forterra 150 HD tractor with a power of 95 kW (129,2 hp) was used as the tractive power source. The field measurement, which took place from 9 August to 11 August 2021, took place in the municipality of Sebranice u Skalice nad Svitavou. The approximately 10 ha of land where the measurements were carried out consisted of brown earth with a humus content of 2,5 %. Furthermore, measuring sections of 50 m length were marked out. During the measurements, data were collected on: time taken to pass the measuring sections, pulling power, fuel consumption, soil compaction and plough depth and width. Fuel consumption was measured with mass flow meters. To measure the specific resistance of the plough, the plough system was pulled by a second tractor. The tractor was a John Deere 8330 tractor with a power of 254 kW (330 hp). The connection between the two tractors was provided by a rope with an embedded Hottinger strain gauge force transducer that was placed in the hitch of the pulling tractor. The condition for calculating the plough resistance was to find the rolling resistance out, which was then subtracted from the tractive force. The results indicated that the average percentage difference between the specific resistances of the ploughs was almost 4,7 % with the standard mouldboard (68.47 kPa) having a higher specific resistance than the slatted mouldboard (65.40 kPa). This suggests that in heavier soils it is economically more advantageous to use a plough with a slatted mouldboard, which has less resistance.
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Time variabilty of soil hydraulic properties and their impact on soil moisture estimation
Šípek, Václav ; Vlček, Lukáš ; Tesař, Miroslav ; Zelíková, Nikol ; Hnilica, Jan
The study was focused on the temporal variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity in an experimental plot covered by spruce forest and investigated benefits of its incorporation into soil water balance model. The results showed that the higher saturated hydraulic conductivity (33.6-44.8 cm hr-1) was observed in summer period compared to lower values (13.2-22.3 cm hr-1) in the winter period. The use of seasonally variabile saturated hydraulic conductivity improved the efficiency of soil water balance model in terms of lower root mean square error between observed and simulated volumetric soil water content by 33.2 %. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient rose from 0.34 to 0.68.
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Hodnocení výsledků portálu intersucho.cz externími zpravodaji
Balcárková, Lucie
Bachelor thesis Evaluation of the results of intersucho.cz by external reporters analyses data from an online questionnaire available on intersucho.cz, where external reporters subjectively assess by marks whether the water balance in the soil according to the SoilClim model corresponds with reality in their region - district. The comparison of the districts was made on the basis of established criteria - for districts with more than 100 assessments per year, the objectivity coefficient is calculated by which the 4 worst- performing and the 4 best-performing districts are selected on the basis of the annual evaluation. The development of the assessment is analysed in more detail in selected districts. Based on the analyses performed, no demonstrable change in the assessment of model outputs by external reporters has been observed since the introduction of the new version of the water balance model SoilClim II. However, the overall improvement in the assessment in the previous year, 2021, which is the best-performing year since the introduction of the questionnaire investigation, is demonstrable.
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Effect of different water regime on microorganisms of nitrogen cycle in permafrost
TURKOVÁ, Sára
The gene abundances and community structures of nitrogen-fixing and denitrifying bacteria in permafrost-affected soils with different moisture level were analysed. Additionally, DNA- and RNA-based analysis was used to evaluate the variations in gene copy numbers and community composition between the total and active bacteria. The gene abundances of nitrogen-fixing and denitrifying bacteria were quantified by qPCR of the nifH and nosZ genes, and the gene copy numbers were compared between the soils with different moisture. Furthermore, the bacterial community structure variation was evaluated by analysis of the taxonomic classification obtained from sequencing data.
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Vliv vlhkosti půdy na hydrologickou odezvu povodí při různých srážkových úhrnech
TOMANOVÁ, Markéta
This diploma thesis deals with the Influence of soil moisture on hydrological response of a catchment to precipitation. The study was conducted on the sub-basin of Jenínský stream in the monitored vegetation period for the years 2010 - 2013. The characteris-tics such as total precipitation, flow and soil volume moisture at different depths were monitored. The first part of this thesis contains a literature study that mentions soil moisture as one of the factors influencing the hydrological response of river drainage basins to precipitation. In the practical part, the thesis deals with the evaluation of measured precipitation totals and descriptive statistical values of flow and soil moisture at a depth of 30 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm, 150 cm and 200 cm. The other section of the practical part deals with significant precipitation episodes and their impact of rain intensity on water runoff from the basin. The final objective is to evaluate the effect of soil moisture on surface runoff characteristics at different precipitation totals.
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Porovnání utužení půdy na zemědělském pozemku v závislosti na použité technologii jejího zpracování
MACH, Václav
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of soil degradation by compaction and with the influence of different method of cultivation on pedocompaction. It describes the problem of soil compaction, origin of this degradation, its impacts and whether it is possible to prevent the compaction or eliminate it afterwards. It also deals with description of measuring device which is able to find out the figures of penetrometric resistance of soil and its moistness. The thesis also closely describes individual work operations that have been done on the land. The tillage is analysed in detail because it is the system of cultivation that can highly influence the compaction. The most commonly used systems of soil cultivation are mentioned with their advantages and disadvantages. The experiment in the diploma thesis deals with the influence of soil compaction using different technology in its process. The field experiment took place on a trial field that was divided into two parts in terms of tillage. The first part was used for ploughing within three years and on the other ploughing was replaced by loosening. After collecting necessary data their evaluation took place. The figures of penetrometric resistance and soil moisture are summarized in tables and plotted in graphs for better interpretation.
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