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Personal income taxation in the United States of America on federal and state level
Spáčilová, Ivana ; Boháč, Radim (advisor) ; Kohajda, Michael (referee)
Personal Income Taxation in the United States of America on Federal and State Level The main aim of this thesis is to show the complexity of personal income taxation in the United States of America, by explaining the system of taxation and the main changes of the personal income taxation for the last ten years, under the influence of Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act, which was passed in year 2001. The system of this work is divided into four main parts. The role of the first part is to show the history of the taxation which led to the today's personal income taxation system, followed by second part with the explanation of system of the personal income tax of individuals, shown in details with the differentiated statuses of subjects, deductions, progressive tax brackets and tax credit for the taxpayers. The third part shortly describes personal income taxation system in the state of Maryland to show a different layer of the taxation system with its rules. The fourth part reflects the changes of the tax system in the last decade, which were brought by EGTRRA, with its affects on various groups of taxpayers and the effect on the economy of the country. These four parts together should create a picture of the system and its functioning of the personal income taxation in the United States of America.
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Personal income tax allowances
Rudolfová, Kateřina ; Slintáková, Barbora (advisor) ; Kozubíková, Pavlína (referee)
Diploma thesis is concerned about personal income tax allowance, especially focused on child tax credit. Purpose if this diploma thesis is to analyze legislation of tax allowances in the Czech Republic and analyze the possible impacts of increasing tax allowance in the Czech Republic as well. First part of this thesis is concerned about tax legislation with regards to child tax credit within OECD countries. Second part of this thesis is concerned about tax allowance legislation in the Czech Republic and its changes for the year 2015. Third part of this thesis is focused on practical calculation in case of increasing child tax credit for the year 2015 and in case of intended increase of child tax credit for year 2016 within employees of a small company.
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Direct and indirect support to families in selected countries of the European Union
Kurková, Kateřina ; Maaytová, Alena (advisor) ; Brabcová, Pavlína (referee)
This thesis investigates the direct and indirect financial support for families in the Czech Republic, Germany, Austria, Poland and Slovak. The first part focuses on the definition of social policy and its main principles, as well as dealing with family politics, history and development of the family and characterizes the welfare state models and types of family policy. The various types of direct and indirect financial support, amounts and conditions of entitlement in selected states are described in the second part. The third part deals with the comparison of selected family benefits and tax credits, especially in terms of the amount and terms of the entitlement. Finally focuses on the analysis and a summary of the findings.
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Support for families with children in the Czech Republic
Dvořáková, Tereza ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Brabec, Petr (referee)
Work Support for families with children in the Czech Republic provides a summary of the Czech family policy - its forms, types of benefits for families, objectives and functioning. But first, the work provides an introduction to the topic of family policy. For comparison and for evaluation of the Czech family policy are following examples of family policies in Sweden, Italy, Great Britain and the United States. As shown in the demographic and economic indicators, each policy has a different impact on the lives of families in the state. Based on a comparison is Czech family policy in most cases successful. But it should be inspire by some forms of aid compared states in the future.
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Exemption from Personal Income Tax as a Factor in Formulating the Rate of Taxation in the EU Countries
Červená, Lucie ; Vančurová, Alena (advisor) ; Doležalová, Ivana (referee)
In my diploma thesis on Exemption from personal income tax as a factor in formulating the rate of taxation in the EU countries are defined terms of tax expenditures and tax exemptions. The main objective of this work is the analysis of income exempted from personal income tax in the Czech Republic and the EU member states, with a focus on revenue social nature. In an analysis of exempted income in the Czech Republic are quantified tax expenditures associated with the exemption of social income of taxpayers. It is a comparative analysis of the exempted social income in EU member states, and I analyze the impact of exemption of social income tax rate of selected types of households with different levels of income.
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Tax reliefs of personal income tax in the Czech republic and in the particular countries OECD
Ďurišová, Milena ; Vítek, Leoš (advisor) ; Jareš, Martin (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on identification and partial quantification of tax reliefs of personal income tax in 2011. This diploma thesis is divided into 4 sections. The first one contains view of existing literature and research in the field of tax reliefs. The second one is theoretical and it is dedicated to the broad theory of tax reliefs and their operation in the countries OECD. The third one is theoretical-analytical and is focused on the view of definition among the particular countries and subsequent identification of tax reliefs in Australia and Canada. The main section of the diploma thesis is fourth part. This analytical part contains the identification and quantification of some provisions of tax reliefs of personal income tax in the Czech Republic.
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Comparison of taxation of the non-profit organizations in chosen countries
Kozák, Vojtěch ; Slintáková, Barbora (advisor) ; Weberová, Jana (referee)
The goal of the thesis Comparison of taxation of the non-profit organizations in chosen countries is to find out and compare the taxation of the non-profit organizations in Sweden, Austria and the Czech republic. The comparison concerns the corporation tax, value added tax and the inheritance and the gift tax. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the common attitudes of the taxation of the non-profit organizations. The second analyzes the process and methods of the taxation of the non-profit organizations in Sweden, Austria and the Czech republic. The third part contains the comparison of the taxation of the non-profit organizations in these three countries.
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Tax expenditures in the Czech Republic
Jareš, Martin ; Kubátová, Květa (advisor) ; Vančurová, Alena (referee) ; Sadovský, Zdeněk (referee)
The main objective of the thesis is to analyse tax expenditures in the tax system of the Czech Republic. More specifically to identify tax expenditures in legislation setting down personal income tax, corporate income tax and value added tax in 2008 and quantify their impact to tax revenues. The work starts with the review of the literature in this field. There is a rich academic literature dealing with various aspects of tax expenditure analysis starting with their identifi-cation and quantification and continuing to distributional analysis or analysis of compliance costs. Most if the literature originates in the United States where a substantial amount of pa-pers deals with the critique of official tax expenditure reports or with suggestions how to im-prove it. Similar topics are absent in the literature in other countries. Another source are the official tax expenditure reports published in several countries. The conclusion can be drawn that there are no internationally accepted standards of tax expenditures analysis. Another conclu-sion deals with the term tax expenditure itself. It was conceived in the United States in the 1960's to express that many tax reliefs are in fact direct expenditures hidden in the tax system. However sometimes provisions which are not analogical to direct expenditures are called tax expenditures as well. That's why the term tax expenditure is avoided in this thesis. Instead a more general term tax relief is used. Tax expenditures thus represent a subset of tax reliefs. Tax reliefs are defined as provisions of the tax law which represent lower tax liability or deferral of the tax liability for the tax payer. Tax reliefs are identified by their form, i.e. tax exemptions, reduced rates, tax credits etc. Features which represent an integral part of the tax system (e.g. deduction of input VAT) are not identified as a tax relief. This assures that the full list is created. Then the normative analysis is used to identify main rationale for each tax reliefs, i.e. tax reliefs which have been introduced in order to support other public policies' targets (genuine tax expenditures), tax relief which have been introduced in order to increase tax system effectiveness mainly by reducing the compliance costs and finally tax reliefs which share attribute of both aforementioned group. Based on this, there have been identified 210 tax reliefs (PIT: 119, CIT: 62, VAT: 29). From the point of view of further analysis, the most important part represent the genuine tax expenditures. Methods to quantify the identified tax reliefs were devised based on data avail-able. There was identified 57 tax expenditures out of all 210 tax reliefs with total amount of CZK 120 bn. It is important to bear in mind however that the simple addition of tax reliefs is not methodologically correct since abolition of several tax reliefs has different impact on tax revenues than addition of individually quantified impacts. The main contribution of the thesis consists in setting up a complete list of the tax re-liefs in the tax system of the Czech Republic for the taxes with the highest revenues. This will enable to prepare such an analysis on a regular basis, to include other taxes and to improve the methods used. The stakeholders in the field of public finance policy and tax policy will thus have more information available to design more effective policies. Further research dealing with other aspects of selected tax expenditures such as their distributional impacts can draw from this thesis as well.
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