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War: persons and characters. Who wages war in western political-philosophical tradition
Slačálek, Ondřej ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Znoj, Milan (referee)
Válka je konstantou dosud známých dějin Západu. Konstantní ale není její podoba ani podoba jejích aktérů. Abychom porozuměli místu války v západní tradici (a potažmo i v našich životech), je třeba mimo jiné snažit se porozumět proměnám těchto aktérů. Tedy vedle těch, kdo ve válkách bojují, a těch, proti kterým je vedena (a dále také těch, kteří jsou jejími pasivními objekty - civilistů), také proměnám těch, kteří války vedou, rozhodují o válkách, vyhlašují je a ukončují. Předkládaná práce si vybrala právě tyto poslední aktéry válek. Na úvod začněme dvěma ne snad definicemi, ale pracovními vymezeními. Válkou rozumíme stav násilného a více či méně organizovaného a většinou rovněž ozbrojeného potýkání mezi dvěma společenskými celky vyvolaný vzájemně se vylučující (ať už skutečně či domněle) mocenskou či symbolickou aspirací. Tím, kdo vede válku, rozumíme osobu nebo kolektivní entitu, která má moc (nikoli nutně pravomoc) rozhodnout či případně rozhodovat o válčení toho kterého společenského celku. Může či nemusí splývat s tím, kdo válčí (rytířstvo), nebo dokonce s celým společenským celkem (třída, hnutí), za nějž rozhoduje. Klíčovou otázkou práce je, jak se proměňoval tento rozhodnutí činící subjekt války, jaké měl v jednotlivých svých podobách charakteristiky, zda jsou v něčem shodné a v čem se naopak...
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Polonaises and waltzes of Fryderik Chopin
Klinderová, Jana ; Malý, František (advisor) ; Vlasáková, Alena (referee) ; Klánský, Ivan (referee)
This work was inspired by Fryderic Chopin´s dancing forms, which make substantial part of his work. The main part of this work is dedicated to polonaises and waltzes, evaulation of their position in Chopin´s work, their characteristic as forms with describing of their origin and evolution. Important article is further listing of these polonaises and waltzes with outlining circumstances of their composition so as the listing of issue dates. The subject of my work was choosen because of my warm relationship with Chopin as a composer, when the main intension was to show and outline some charakteristics of Chopin´s compositional style at examples such these type of miniatures - polonaises and waltzes.
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Study of electrical and dielectric properties of thin polymer films
Miklíková, Zdeňka ; Novák, Vítězslav (referee) ; Zmeškal, Oldřich (advisor)
The thesis is focused on the study of electric and dielectric properties of thin-film organic materials that can be used as an active layer of photovoltaic cells. Primarily were studied the properties of the layers on the glass substrate, which consist of a thin active layer of mixture ZnPc/PCBM with Al or Au contact. On the selected samples were first measured current-voltage characteristics in the dark and during the exposure then on the selected samples were measured frequency dependences (impedance spectra) in the dark and finally on the selected samples were measured relaxation characteristics (transient response analysis – current dependences on time at constant voltage) in the dark. The measured data for transient measurement were evaluated using the methods of fractal analysis in HarFA. The results will be used to optimize the properties of photovoltaic cells.
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Fotosyntetické cirkadiální rytmy u mořské rozsivky Thalassiosira weissflogii v podmínkách dostatku a nedostaku dusíku
Kasalický, Vojtěch ; Rottnerová, K. ; Sciandra, A. ; Babin, M. ; Prášil, Ondřej
T. weissflogii was grown under dynamic irradiance conditions (sinusoidal light-dark regime) and then switched to constant, low irradiance. Cellular characteristics (pigment and nutrient content, cell size) indicated synchronization of algal population, furthermore pronounced variations in the aktivity of variable fluorescence, thermoluminescence and in the gene expression (rbcL, psbA, fcp) were observed
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Směrové charakteristiky vícesegmentových ED čidel pod vlivem zdánlivého skluzu při stěně
Wein, Ondřej
The direction-sensitive electrodiffusion (ED) probes consist of three working electrodes (segments), separated by thin insulated insertions. In common, the directional characteristics, ie. the ratios of individual limiting diffusion currents, are determined experimentally, using a suitable calibrator that generates a steady viscometric flow. It has been shown in that, at high enough Peclet number, the directional characteristics can be calculated from a front photograph of the probe via the linear theory of convective diffusion. In the present contribution, the original theory for a constant wall shear rate is generalized for a class of non-linear velocity profiles.
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Biomechanical Study of Human Mandible in Physiological State
Borák, Libor ; Horyl, Petr (referee) ; Bartáková, Sonia (referee) ; Janíček, Přemysl (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
This study deals with the mechanical aspects of human mandible in physiological state during the occlusion. The work is focused on evaluation of stress-strain conditions of bone tissue. The emphasis is paid to the interaction of teeth with the bone. In addition, contact pres-sures in temporomandibular joints during various loading conditions were determined. The analysis of material model of some parts of the system regarding their modelling-level is pre-sented as well. The problem concerning the evaluation of stress-strain states is solved by computational simulation using the finite element method. The presented work is a detailed analysis of the parts of the masticatory system and a thorough description of their modelling is presented. Special focus is paid to modelling of cancellous bone as well as of periodontal tissue which mediates the interaction between a tooth and the alveolar bone. Three-dimensional geometry of the mandible and all its teeth has been obtained by using the digitizing of real objects, namely by using of three-dimensional optical scanner. Three various modelling levels of the material of periodontium are assessed: Linear iso-tropic model, bilinear isotropic model and linear orthotropic model. Characteristics of these models are analyzed and especially nine new constants describing orthotropic model (which is almost absent in the literature) are proposed. Two-dimensional models are used for analysis of differencies in mechanical response of cancellous bone to the tooth loading. Two cases are considered: Cancellous bone as a ho-mogenous continuous model on one hand and with detailed trabeculous architecture model on the other. Computational model is divided into four basic cases varying in level of masticatory appa-ratus geometry: A – 2D geometry of bone; B – 3D geometry of bone segment with one tooth through three teeth; C – 3D geometry of whole mandible with the only tooth; D – 3D geome-try of whole mandible with all teeth. All basic cases are further researched in different varia-tions for different material models etc.
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Teplotní účinek na rheologické vlastnosti pryžového prvku
Půst, Ladislav ; Pešek, Luděk ; Vaněk, František ; Bula, Vítězslav
Deformation and temperature data of a vibro-damping element measured in laboratory condition at harmonic loading with constant prload F st =6kN were elaborated with the aim to build termo-mechanical characteristic of rubber-like material. It is shown that the increase of temperature during harmonic loading at various amplitudes F0=(0,75,3) kN and frequencies fe(10,30) Hz is exponential in time and proportional to the square of loading amplitude. The proposed mathematical model of dynamic characteristic of specimen gained by the regression procedure consists of linear, quadratic and fourth root function of displacement amplitude Xo and of the linear correction function of temperature.
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Transport and Noise Characteristics of MOSFET Transistors
Chvátal, Miloš ; Hudec, Lubomír (referee) ; Koktavý, Bohumil (referee) ; Pavelka, Jan (advisor)
This doctoral thesis is focused on the analysis of transport characteristics of submicron and micron transistors MOSFET. The assumption is a constant gradient of concentration, which leads to the fact that the diffusion current density is independent of the distance from the source. Active energy was determined from temperature dependence. The proposed physical model made it possible to determine the value of access resistance between drain and source their temperature dependence. Based on the assumption that the divergence of the gradient of the current density in the channel is zero. IV characteristics of the transistor MOSFET are derived and conducted experimental monitoring current channel depending on the collector voltage for the series of samples with different channel lengths in a wide temperature range from 10 to 350 K. Information on the concentration of charge transport in the channel and the position of the Fermi level at the point of active trap, which is the source of RTS noise, is obtained from the analysis of the transport characteristics. Determining the concentration of charge transport and the position of the Fermi level is important because these variables determine the intensity of quantum transitions and their values are not the same throughout the length of the channel. It was experimentally proved from the analysis of the characteristics of RTS noise that concentration at the local channel decreases with increasing current at a constant voltage on the gate and a variable voltage at the collector. Further, the position of active traps of RTS noise was intended and it was found that this is located near the collector. Active trap is located at the point where the Fermi level coincides with energy level of the traps.
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Sexism in the Television Advertisement for Fragrances
Kovačková, Monika ; Marcelli, Miroslav (advisor) ; Havelková, Hana (referee)
Thesis "Sexism in the television advertisement for fragrances" analyzes the relationship with the media - especially television commercial- and the social construction called gender. The phenomenon advertisement and gender issues are trapped in their complexity. Advertisement is framed within the wider context of technical imagines, whose specific characteristics advertisement takes, but it is also attention paid its part formal and content aspects. Gender images in advertising are subjected to semiotic analysis, the traditional semiotic approach is enriched with the dimension of social context. Thesis aims to capture the complexity of the relationship between advertising messages and images of gender and bridge the gap between the two opposing poles, which the studies of these issues necessarily face: advertising reflects the current social climate vs. advertising forms society and its structure. Text reflects both these trends. The media representations in the advertising message are viewed as an important factor shaping gender. It turns out that the society and its concept of gender and advertising with its media images of gender form a whole, all of which parts influence and form each other. The aim of this work is this process subjected to critical examination and semiotic analysis.
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