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The influence of way and intensity of grassland management on phytocenological dynamics and biodiversity of grasslands.
KONDRÁTOVÁ, Petra
The main objective of this thesis was to assess the influence of methods and intensity of use on phytosociological evolution and biodiversity of grasslands. This work includes grasslands in terms of their distribution, different ways of management and use. An important goal of this work was to evaluate the incidence of plant species in grassland lying in selected localities of the Czech Budejovice, Slavošovice and Radostice. The next section was set calculation and maintenance of the water and nutrient regime on the site fallow and statistical processing of data at the sites.Based on the findings were prepared tables and graphs that confirm and in some cases disconfirm occurrence of plant species with different modes of grassland management (mowing, grazing, fallow).
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Czechoslovak transition to democracy from constitutional view
Bartonička, Jan ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Koubek, Jiří (referee)
This thesis concentrates on the first phase of the Czechoslovak transition to democracy (1989-1990). It tries to describe the most important changes in the country's constitution which took place in this famous eventful period of Czechoslovak history. It starts with the description of the character of the communist state and law. After that, it takes closer look at the country's modern constitutional history. In the second part of the thesis, it is dealt with the evolvement of the Czechoslovak constitution after the fall of the communist regime. It tries to sketch the transformation of the parliament, government and presidency. Then, I represent the lustration laws and other problems connected with facing the country's past. My thesis ends with some notes on the most interesting findings.
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Habitat colonization by the neophyte Impatiens glandulifera and factors limiting its distribution
Marková, Zuzana ; Hejda, Martin (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
Habitat colonization by the neophyte Impatiens glandulifera and factors limiting its distribution The invasive alien Impatiens glandulifera has been present in the flora of The Czech Republic for more then one hundred years. It has colonized banks of all larger rivers and its spread is still in progress. The presence of Impatiens glandulifera is mostly reported from associations with nitrophilous dominant species, mainly riparian tall herb and scrub communities.. However, the impact on native vegetation is rather low in these types of invaded habitats. It cannot be distinguished unequivocally, if this alien's preference for riparian habitats is associated with the site conditions or with the specific dynamics of the river, which i) transports the seeds efficiently and ii) creates sites suitable for the invasion of I. glandulifera via its flooding regime. The spectrum of habitats further from the river that have been reproted to be occupied by this invasive alien seems to be wide (rocks, forest edges and coppice, embankments, wet meadows). Plants tend to be smaller on these sites and generally do not create such dense stands as in riparian habitats, however, they do flower and produce seeds. That is crucial for their futher spread. Studies suggest that if I. glandulifera changes its site and habitat...
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Modification the plan of construction of linear structures
Mudrák, Miroslav ; Kocanda,, Pavel (referee) ; Nový, Martin (advisor)
Submitted thesis deals with planning of an implementation of a linear construction by using the contract conditions. The theoretical describes the topics of project management, engineering, procurement and traffic politics of Czech Republic. It also describes the history, status and development of the highway network. In the end there is introduced the modernized section of the D1 highway. The practical part deals with the application of the modified project Modernization solutions to the D1 highway - section 22 by introducing a shift operation during the construction. It solves the impact of shift work on phasing construction schedule, financial plan and compares the positive aspects of the solutions against the negative ones. In conclusion there is an evaluation effectiveness of the actual and modified variants of the construction.
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The Geopolitics of Gas Transportation of Contemporary Russia (Case Studies of Nord Stream and South Stream Pipeline Projects)
Sorokina, Veronika ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Žídková, Markéta (referee)
Energy issues are of growing interest in the modern world. Ever since the Industrial Revolution and until the present century, energy and the need to secure its supply have been fundamental to any position of power in the world. At the same time, despite the rising role of energy in influencing state's national security, regime development, domestic and international politics, it is a fact that the professional journals in political science and international relations have not paid the sufficient attention to publishing research on these topics; themes, which have been examined in this respect, have been mostly devoted to research to the impact of oil. In contrast, this thesis focuses on the analysis of the relationship between international politics and natural gas originated from the Russian Federation as the country, which is widely recognized to be as one of the most influential actors on the energy source markets. This research project is based on a wide review of relevant literature supplemented by the data analyzing method, method of comparative analysis and the case study method. The latter is founded upon the examination of the new projects promoted by Russia, namely: the Nord Stream and South Stream pipeline projects. The findings underline that realist and neorealist categories have shaped...
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Modern trends in radiographic procedures and methods in defectoscopy
Skřivánková, Vendula ; Vlašic, František (referee) ; Juliš, Martin (advisor)
Presented thesis deals with modern trends and techniques in radiographic methods of crack detection which are recently used in engineering practice. In the first part, conventional (analogue) radiography principles based on creating a visible image of tested object to radiographic film are discussed. The next part is aimed to the digital radiography and radioscopy. To digitize existing X-ray film images, application of storage phosphor plates (CR), flat panels (DR) and computed tomography (CT).
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Use of In Situ Hybridization to study evolution in plants
Vlčková, Zuzana ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Šurinová, Mária (referee)
The main focus of this thesis is in situ hybridization method and its impacts in modern cytology. The first chapter of the thesis describes the method itself and its types, defines and enumerates fundamental terms of the method, describes the steps of preparation and actual experiments in detail and explains the process of evaluation and interpretation of results. Following chapter describes several cases studies on plants performed using ISH. It describes use of ISH to recognize introgression lines among hybrids and to determine their fertility, to study polyploids and evolution of the nonaploids and to study repetitive sequences in telomeres of lily plants. In the next chapter the thesis describes Vicia cracca agg. from morphological but mainly systematical point of view. The thesis is concluded by suggestion of possible utilization of genomic in situ hybridisation in order to reveal the pregenitors of tetraploid V. cracca and the evolution within the aggregate.
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The use of photographic collections of leaves in the teaching of plant morphology
MAJEROVÁ, Martina
This diploma thesis proposes a modern way of teaching leaf morphology in elementary school. It includes research that builds on the bachelor thesis ,,The leaf as an organ of higher plants - creation of photographic collection of leaves". The theoretical part contains an analysis of the objectives and trends of contemporary learning and teaching methods, and also summarizes the interconnection of teaching leaf morphology with the FEP. The practical part contains an interactive learning program with elements of inquiry-based education aimed at teaching leaf morphology. The research in this paper compares the quality of students' knowledge learned by the compiled program and the students learned the traditional way.
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Development and applications of affinity carrier for isolation of human carbonyl-reducing enzymes
Andrýs, Rudolf ; Wsól, Vladimír (advisor) ; Šebela, Marek (referee) ; Šatínský, Dalibor (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Rudolf Andrýs Supervisor: Prof. Ing. Vladimír Wsól, Ph.D Title of dissertation thesis: DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF AFFINITY CARRIER FOR ISOLATION OF HUMAN CARBONYL-REDUCING ENZYMES For several millennia the human medicine is based on application of small bioactive molecules that are administered in the form of plant extracts or synthetic compounds. However, their use in modern medicine is not possible without a detailed understanding of their biochemical effects and identification of their molecular targets. Chemical proteomics based on the specific recognition between the bioactive molecule and the target molecule is currently the most widely used techniques for identification of molecular targets of small molecules. Compared to conventional biochemical methods (e.g. 2D electrophoresis), chemical proteomics represents particularly sensitive and very selective technique that enable successful identification of biomolecules from complex biological samples that are naturally presented in very small concentrations. Carbonyl- reducing enzymes, which play an important role in physiology due to their involvement in metabolism of various endogenous (e.g. prostaglandins, steroid...
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The impact of selected sesquiterpenes on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the differentiated Caco-2 cell line
Verešová, Erika ; Svobodová, Hana (advisor) ; Szotáková, Barbora (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Erika Verešová Supervisor: PharmDr. Hana Bártíková, Ph.D. Title of thesis: The impact of selected sesquiterpenes on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the differentiated Caco-2 cell line The cases of cancer diagnosis rapidly continue to grow across the population. It is a modern trend to buy more and more often a variety of herbal food supplements in order to strengthen or restore human health. Many scientists have been researching Myrica rubra plant for its potential therapeutic effects. In our research we used sesquiterpenes isolated from this plant, in order to determine their effects on the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes in a differentiated Caco-2 cell line derived from intestinal epithelium tumor that have maintained characteristics of healthy cells. Caco-2 cells are being used as a basis for testing of substances and their effects on non-cancerous cells. The cells were incubated for 24 and 48 hours with a concentration 25 µg/ml of tested substances. Essential oil from Myrica rubra and selected individual sesquiterpenes (α- humulene, β-caryophyllene and trans-nerolidol) were chosen to be tested. Of the antioxidant enzymes, we determined the enzymes glutathione-S-transferase,...
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