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The role of lactate shuttle in ischemic-reperfusion injury of rat heart adapted to chronic hypoxia
Kolář, David ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Nováková, Olga (referee)
Adaptation to hypoxia is a well-known phenomenon increasing myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury as an appropriate physical exercise which improves the contractile function of the heart. Lactate is a major energy substrate for the heart muscle during physical activity and hypoxia. The metabolism of lactate was and still is associated with muscle fatigue, but in the last decades it has been considered its significant modulating function of metabolism during exercise at cellular level and whole organism level. It has been shown that its effects might be similar to the effects of hypoxia and its oxidized form, pyruvate, has the cardioprotective effects. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of LDHA and LDHB isoforms between left and right ventricle in the cardioprotective scheme of adaptation to hypoxia. Another objective/goal was to determine the left ventricular response to I/R insult in the perfused heart model adapted to hypoxia compared with the normoxic controls on/at the expression level of both LDH isoforms. Our results showed differences in the LDHA expression in the left and right ventricle and an increased response of the left ventricle to I/R insult in rats adapted to hypoxia which is reflected at the expression level of both isoforms. Key words: heart,...
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Technology of wearable sensors
Javor, Adrián ; Majzlíková, Petra (referee) ; Hubálek, Jaromír (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with thick-film and thin-film technology of creating wearable sensors on human body, that sense substances in perspiration. Part is devoted to their classification and making subsequent proposal of flexible three-electrode biosensors using 4 different electrochemical transducers. All of these biosensors sense concentration of lactate in human sweat, and are based on immobilization lactate oxidase enzyme on the working electrode. Technological process of production is based on combination of thick-film and thin-film technology. Conclusion of this bachelor thesis contains amperometric evaluations of the lactate concentration, from which calibration curves were created.
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Význam laktátu v diagnostice mitochondriálních onemocnění u dětí
Magner, Martin ; Zeman, Jiří (advisor) ; Baxová, Alice (referee) ; Procházková, Dagmar (referee)
The lactate level assesment in various body fluids plays an important role in the diagnostics of mitochondrial disorders in children. However, the interpretation of lactate level is often difficult due to its unspecificity and variability even in particular mitochondrial disorders. Three specific aims have been stated in this PhD Thesis: 1. To analyse the role of lactate examination in the differential diagnosis between children with mitochondrial disorders and children with other diseases. 2. To study the lactate level differences in various mitochondrial syndromes. 3. To characterise the clinical and laboratory data of neonates with mitochondrial disorders and to suggest new diagnostic algorhytms. Clinical and laboratory data from patients hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics were collected. Laboratory methods were provided in the cooperation with the Mitochondrial laboratory of the Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders. The study with lactate levels in 107 patients documented that brief seizures lasting less than 2 minutes did not increase lactate concentration in the CSF. CSF-lactate was a relialable marker in differential diagnosis in the children with mitochondrial disorders against children with epilepsy. 2. The severity of particular phenotype is more...
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Testing of maximal heart rate in swimming flume
Hubička, Tomáš ; Jurák, Daniel (advisor) ; Chrzanowská, Babeta (referee)
Title: Testing of maximal heart rate in a swimming flume Objectives: Pilot study using the methodology for testing the maximum heart rate in swimming flume, functioning as a swimming trainer. An alternative method for determining maximum heart rate by each swimmer. Methods: Due to the basis of the pilot study, a methodology for heart rate max. testing was created. A sample of probands was chosen to study Physical Education and Sport of the students who are former or still active swimmers. A sporttester was used to detect a heart rate. Data processing was made by Polar Precision Performance programe. For the submaximal swimmer speed detection probands went through a CSS test. Speed obtained from this test was further used for warming of probands before the graded strain test started up to the maximal heart rate of probands. Results: By the CSS test is obtained the individual speed of swimming at the ANP level of each of the probands in meters per second. This was further used as the speed for warming in the graded test up to the maximal heart rate of probands. The results are showing that four of six probands reached the maximum heart rate level in comparison with a theoretical calculation of the maximum heart rate. Key words: swimming flume, swimming speed, maximum heart rate, Critical Swim Speed,...
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The aplication of CSS in swimming flume
Cagaň, Štěpán ; Jurák, Daniel (advisor) ; Chrzanowská, Babeta (referee)
Title: Application of CSS (Critical Swimming Speed) in the swimming flume. Objectives: Purpose of our pilot study was to find out, if load during swimming on speed of anaerobic threshold in the flume on level validated by accredited workplace corresponds with load during swimming in the swimming pool. Methods: For verification of our purpose, for each proband we first determined speed of anaerobic threshold, using Critical Swimming Speed protocol. Subsequently we monitored values of blood lactate and heart rate during swimming on anaerobic threshold speed level in the pool and thereafter in the flume. We have compared measured values. Results: We found out, that load in the flume is much lower, than load in the pool. We also found out, that stream of water in flume is not constant. Keywords: flume, swimming, swimming simulator, lactate, front crawl stroke, critical swimming speed
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Comparison of lactate level at the same load in a swimming treadmill and on a bicycle ergometer
Suchomelová, Helena ; Jurák, Daniel (advisor) ; Čechovská, Irena (referee)
3 ABSTRACT Title: Comparison of lactate level at the same load in a swimming treadmill and on a bicycle ergometer Subject: 6 students (3 girls and 3 boys) from the first year of Bachelor's study at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport of the Charles University at the age of 20,5 years ± 3 years took part in this research. Goal of the research: To compare demands of the load in the swimming flume with the same load on the bicycle ergometer, mainly at the level of the anaerobic threshold. Methods: We tested students by the method Critical Swimming Speed (CSS) for finding out their anaerobic threshold. Then students swam physical tests in the swimming treadmill - flume. The test consists of three 6 min parts. The first part of the swimming test was under the level of the CSS, the second part was at the level of the CSS and the third part was above the level of the CSS. We used the device for measuring the beat frequency (sport-testers) for obtaining information about changes of the heart rate (HR) during tests. Afterwards we accomplished tests on the bicycle ergometer, where we maintained HR at the same levels as in the load in the flume. We measured level of blood lactate (LA) after every 6 min part in the flume and on the ergometer. We statistically processed resulted values of LA by the Wilcoxon...
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Impact of long-term storage on fish welfare
PECHER, Petr
The literature review is completely described by the issue of fish welfare and whether fish feel pain. Then there are describes the basic procedures for measuring fish welfare. Among which belongs for example a cortisol and glucose in fish blood capillary. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different stress factors during storage on fish welfare and to changes in production, exterior and length and weight indicators. For the experiment was selected carp (Cyprinus carpio) divided into two groups by weight 2.5 kg to 2.5 kg and above. The results are the values of visceral fat, capillary blood lactate and changes in production, exterior and length-weight indicators during the application and the end of the experiment.
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Circumstances reflecting marathon runner´s performance\\
FAKTOROVÁ, Veronika
This dissertation focuses on the composition, examination and comparation of the endurance runner's one year training plan. This includes a runner, who competes in a 3.000m to 10.000m run and a half marathon. The dissertation is divided into three parts. The first, theoretical part, is about the history of the marathon, general patterns in endurance training and the factors, that affect the endurance runner's performance. There is also an analysis of the literature used in this disseration regarding endurance run. The second, research part, is aimed at the practical creation of one year training plan. The third part examinates and checks this plan on the basis of its accomplishment and shows the results of the control heats, tests, their graphs and evaluates them.
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Chromatography methods for the determination of stable isotope traced metabolites and their apllication in the clinical research
ŽABOKRTSKÁ, Jana
In medical diagnostics substances labelled with radioactive or stable isotope tracers are used. At present stable isotope-traced substrates 13C or 2H are most commonly used for metabolism evaluation in pathologic situations. A modern approach is a combination of microdialysis method and an application of stable isotopes. In this study analytic methods for the determination of glucose and lactate in microdialysate are described. Due to used substances, labelled with stable isotope-tracers, these substances were determined by the method of gass chromatography with detection by mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The aim of the study was the development, determination of parameters, validation and optimalization of analytic methods oriented on measuring of isotope enrichment of molecules of chosen analytes. The isotope enrichment of glucose was determined after its derivatization by hydroxylamine hydrochloride and acetanhydride. A derivate aldonitril pentacetyl-D-glucose was determined. The method described in the study is the result of optimalization of time and temperature of derivatization of samples of microdialysates and chromatographic conditions. The obtained data were evaluated by the software Chemstation and statistics software SigmaStat. The precision was verified by the method of standard addition and was stated as 1,48%, the precision was determined by repeated measuring of a real sample {--} variation coefficient was 2,51%. Parameters of linear regression for concentrations 0,5 {--} 15 mmol/l were under given conditions with regression coefficient (R2) 0,9997 and the regression equation y = -0,0185 + 0,142x. Glucose for determination by gass chromatography is usually derivatized only by acetanhydride that however using capillary column CP-Sil 8 CB-MS (60 m x 0,32 mm) provides for interference in chromatographic recording {--} a double peak of likely formed anomers of pentacetyl-glucopyranose. For this reason it was necessary to make derivatization of aldehydic group of glucose first by hydroxylamin hydrochloride. The result method shows suitable parameters for using in analysis of microdialysate samples. Lactate was determined by derivatization by dimethoxypropane, propylamine and further by heptafluorobutyranhydride by formation of derivate of L-lactin-n-propylamidheptafluorobutyrate. Following parameters were determined {--} accuracy 3,25%, precision 3,15%, parameters of linear regression for concentrations wihtin 0,5 {--} 10 mmol/l were under given conditions R2 = 0,999 and the regression equation y = 0,215 + 1,039x. This relatively complicated derivatization method was taken over from an associated workshop at the University of Lausanne and its parameters were compared with a simpler method of derivatization by N-(butyl-dimethyl-silyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-N-methyl-acetamide. The formed derivate di(tert-butyldimethylsilyl) lactate was determinated by the method GC-MS. The precision was 3,02%, accuracy 3,8%, parameters of linear regression R2 = 0,999, the regression equation y = -0,0809 + 0,792x. The presented methods were used in the pilot study of microdialyse of muscle and hepar of rats in various metabolic situations. At present the methods are used in clinical research on patients suffering from diabetes mellitus type I and have extended a spectrum of methods applied by the laboratory of the Clinic of Gerontology and Metabolism of the University Hospital of Hradec Králové.
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Evaluation surface lactate along refreshment after different types anaerobic bullpen load.
GLIEROVÁ, Jaroslava
The academic section is mostly focused on analysis of lactate.Particularly what terms are necessary for production of lactate and what its other utilization in body during the sports activity. This section minutely describes energetic sources for muscle´s work. We could found how the sources supply the energy, for how long are able to supply and about rewenal these sources. It means ATP, CP, glycogen and other sources. And then we change from energetic sources to zones of energetic covering. There are the systems they ensure our muscle´s performance. Tiredness (exhaustion) is transitional phase for which is characteristic reduced performance. If we´d like to turn our body back to previous state, we use various means of regeneration. It is accurately described in second subhead of academic section. Also explain possibilities of regeneration after sport´s activity and its effect. In "regeneration" is detailed describes sports massage, which is favorite like a regeneration means for sportsmen. The research section is solving influence of regeneration after anaerobic strain. The research was apply to selected group of volunteers. The tested (subjects) has passed identical test in time intervals,first in conditions of active regeneration and then in conditions of passive regeneration. The target of our research was to find the level of lactate after exact defined strains and what degree has the regeneration influence on time of degradation.\\
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