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Criminal and Criminological Aspects of the Rape Crime
Koukalová, Tereza ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (advisor) ; Vokoun, Rudolf (referee)
Criminal and Criminological Aspects of the Rape Crime Abstract This master thesis deals with the crime of rape within the meaning of Section 185 Act No. 40/2009 Coll., the Criminal Code. The thesis analyses the criminal as well as criminological aspects of this crime and is therefore divided into two parts. The aim of the author of this master thesis was not to give a complete and all-inclusive interpretation of the crime of rape, but rather to give the reader a comprehensive understanding of the problem of this crime in a way that would as well as an informed reader allow so people without a deeper knowledge of this area of criminal law. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the criminal aspects of the crime of rape and deals with the historical development of this crime from the very beginning of civilized society and its influence on the contemporary legislation. The chapter dealing with the current regulation of the crime of rape then discusses its basic features, the aggravating circumstances and the developmental stages. Subsequently, the thesis deals with the issue of the crime of sexual coercion and the crime of sexual abuse and their similarities to the crime of rape, as well as significant differences between them. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the criminological aspects of the...
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Criminological aspects of corruption
Skopalíková, Veronika ; Kopečný, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Galovcová, Ingrid (referee)
Criminological aspects of corruption Abstract This master thesis focuses on several selected criminological aspects of corruption, aiming to explore them from the criminological point of view. This master thesis, however, does not necessarily aim to provide practical solutions for control of corruption. The first part is focused on the criminology as a science, since it is the basis of this master thesis. The main topics of this part are the crimonology as a term, its subject and its brief history. Next, the attention is pointed towards definition of the term of corruption, given its disunited approaches to its definition, and compares the numerous takes on the definition from the literature and various institutions. The master thesis also brings forward various types and kinds of corruption, including petty corruption, grand corruption or state capture, as well as distinguishing between the types of corruption based on various factors. Given that the corruption may manifest in multiple forms or degrees of institutionalization, variants and syndromes of corruption according to Johnston are not omitted. Corruption is an important social phenomenon causing far-reaching consequences that may, however, not necessarily be easily seen, or they may even be overlooked. In order to understand this pathological...
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The Issue of an Offender's Personality in Criminology
Poučenská, Dominika ; Marešová, Alena (advisor) ; Zoubková, Ivana (referee)
The Issue of an Offender's Personality in Criminology Abstract The aim of this master's thesis was to describe the issue of the offender's personality in criminology. The first part of the thesis deals with the definition of basic terms, criminological theories and the offender's personality from the perspective of general knowledge, and then from the perspective of forensic psychology. The second part deals with the issue of economic crimes, mainly defines the concept of economic crime, describes the Czech legal regulation of economic crimes, deals with the causes, prevention and specific characteristics of the economic crime offenders. In the third part of the thesis, I try to apply my acquired knowledge to a specific case of the economic crime offender. Since the offender's personality has a significant role to play in clarifying the causes of crime, many criminological theories have emerged over the course of history to clarify what causes criminal behavior. These theories focus on biological, psychological, sociological factors, etc. Each individual has a personality which is unique. Some elements of our personality can't be affected, e.g. temperament, other are created and changed during the course of our lives, e.g. elements that determine our character. The motivation behind every offense also plays...
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A History of Criminal Law in the Czech Lands in 1848-1989
Jablonický, Tomáš ; Kuklík, Jan (referee)
1 Summary Dissertation builds an objective, transparent, systematic and yet concise interpretation of the history of criminal law in the Czech lands in 1848-1989. The aim of this work is, however, not only to chronologically present the most important criminal codes, but also to tell a parallel story of criminal law science and criminology, which to a bigger or lesser degree substantially influenced the development of criminal law and criminal legislation. Therefore, this work also includes biographical and bibliographical profiles of leading Czech educators, criminal law scientists and criminologists - the founders and pioneers of Czech and Czechoslovak criminal law science, whose lives have been closely linked with the complicated socio-political events of the given historical period. History of criminal law shows a strong interconnection of criminal law and policy, which consequently causes the criminal law without proper criminal law science and criminology to be the most politically affected branch of law. For this dissertation is symptomatic the search for critical causes and factors that lead to progress or, on the contrary, to the decline of criminal law. In such moments, the criminal law science and criminology emerge again, naturally and clearly, from a scientific analysis of historical events of...
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Criminal-law treatment of fraudulent conduct
Doseděl, Marek ; Heranová, Simona (advisor) ; Tejnská, Katarína (referee)
Criminal-law treatment of fraudulent conduct Abstract The Act No. 40/2009 Coll., the Criminal Code, effective as of the date of this thesis, penalizes one's behavior fulfilling the criminal signs of a fraud (Section 209 of the Act) and its special variations, such as insurance fraud (Section 210 of the Act), loan fraud (Section 211 of the Act) and subsidy fraud (Section 212 of the Act). This means that four separate criminal offences are penalizing fraudulent delinquency under the Czech legislation. Laws penalizing fraudulent delinquency have developed rapidly over the post- revolutionary era and reflected new social and political environment. It was mainly the lack of ability to punish all fraudulent actions by applying the so called general fraud provisions (nowadays Section 209 of the Act) which served as the initial power motivating legislators to pass an amendment containing provisions regarding the three abovementioned criminal offences that are penalizing fraudulent behavior relating to insurance, loans and subsidies. This action taken by the legislators is generally perceived as suitable since, as mainly demonstrated in the nineties of the twentieth century, fraudulent criminality has broad-reaching effects impacting the country's economics and the society's trust in the rule of law. Legal theory...
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The Issue of an Offender's Personality in Criminology
Jansová, Agáta ; Marešová, Alena (advisor) ; Zoubková, Ivana (referee)
Topic of this thesis is The Issue of an Offender's personality. The main purpose of this thesis is introduction of criminology terms and theories. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the personality of the offender and with risk factors, which may have impact on criminal behaviour. The end of this thesis is devoted to violent criminality and murders. First chapter describes essential terms of this thesis like subject and aims of criminology, offender in criminal law and criminology and human personality in general. Most of the criminological theories try to deals with personality of the offender. They study personality of the offender and risk factors from different views, especially with help from biology, psychology, sociology or all of them. Most of these theories try to find a difference between offenders and non-deviant persons. The third chapter of this thesis is very important because it deals with personality of the offender and particular risk factors which may cause behaviour disorders or criminal behaviour. Knowledge about offender is helpful for investigation of the crime or criminal policy. In last chapters are described violent crimes, murders and their offenders. It is hard to describe general personality of murderer, because these offenders have a different motivation to commit this...
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Economic crime and its prevention
Trešlová, Johana ; Zoubková, Ivana (advisor) ; Marešová, Alena (referee)
The main purpose of this thesis is to define the term "economic criminality" and the terms related; the role of economic crime within the legal doctrine itself as well as in the Czech legal system over the course of time; determining the specifics of economic crime while stressing the role of the offender, efficiency of punishment, control and prevention of this type of crime. This thesis consists of four chapters. The first part is dedicated to the definition of crucial terms on the national and international level. I also described the legislative evolution of economic crime and the protection of possession in the Czech legal system. I listed economic crimes de lege lata, while at the same time remembering the crimes that do not fall under the economic crimes section per se. Later on, I comment on some particular attributes of economic criminality with special focus on the profile of the perpetrator which is rather atypical. This fact unfortunately makes the efforts of the law enforcement authorities so much more difficult and it complicates their work especially towards construction of the adequate preventive measures etc. I also dedicate one section to the topic of corporate criminal liability which has a strong connection to the economic crime. The victims of economic crime find themselves in...
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Criminal and criminological aspects of stalking
Daniel, Tomáš ; Gřivna, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
Title Criminal and criminological aspects of stalking Abstract Submitted rigorous thesis deals with the modern phenomenom of stalking. The aim of this academic paper is to present this issue comprehensively from both criminal and criminological aspects. This rigorous thesis consists of 16 chapters. These chapters can be divided into two large parts - criminal and criminological. Research of the problematics of stalking have got a rich tradition in foreign professional literature, we can find there also some empirical research studies. Furthermore, there are countries that haveissued relevant anti- stalking regulations already in the 90's of the 20th Century. On the contrary, in the Czech Republic, stalking was included as a part of Force of New Offence under the Czech Criminal Code no. 40/2009only in 2010. In criminological part of this rigorous thesis I apply general knowledge from forensic psychology, psychiatry, sociology and other social sciences. Moreover, I illustrate the cases on real-life examples. First chapters are dedicated to present all key characteristic features of stalking, its historical context and to cover the selected empirical reasearches about this complex issue. Furthermore, I analyse some aspects of stalking where science examination does not pay attetion. I study the causesbehind...
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Terrorism - criminological aspects
Šumová, Barbora ; Kopečný, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Galovcová, Ingrid (referee)
Terrorism - criminological aspects Abstract The author deals with the term of terrorism and its criminological aspects. First, the definition of terrorism is defined, and then the readers are given a look into the history of this phenomenon. In accordance with the negative definition of this problem, the difference between the phenomenon of terrorism and extremism, organized crime or guerilla is described. The thesis also describes legal regulations in the Czech Republic and the United States of America as well as the potential risks for future development in the Czech area. In the key part of the work, the author deals with individual criminological aspects. The perpetrator of terrorism, both an individual and a terrorist organization, is approached on examples and through scientific studies. Then, the most frequent motives and causes of radicalization of these offenders are mentioned. The analysis of these factors is described from a psychological and sociological point of view. Part of the thesis is also devoted to the victims of this crime, both material and financial support, and the syndromes the survivors can face after the attack. At the end of the main part the different forms of terrorist attacks are described, focusing on bomb attack and hostage holding or kidnapping. And the conclusion of this...
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