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The role of monocytes in pathogenesis of diabetes - immunogenetic study
Paukner, Karel ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
Type one diabetes is an autoimmune disease. It is caused by the destruction of β cells of Langerhans' pancreatic islets. Hyperglycemia is a major symptom of β cell destruction. Monocytes play a key role during T cell activation. T cell effect can be protective (Treg) or destructive. Monocyte destroys β cells as a macrophage and generates self-tolerance as a dendritic cell. The number of patients with T1D is increasing. In the presented work I aim to summarize current information about pathogenesis of T1D and I try to propose future way of research.
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Autoimmune and lymphoproliferative diseases: associations and common mechanisms
Dobiášová, Alena ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Hušáková, Markéta (referee)
Autoimmune and lymphoproliferative diseases share some etiologic mechanisms. The origin of the diseases is complicated process that involves an accumulation of hereditary and somatic mutations in a hematopoetic cell, which thanks to changed activity overcomes different growth and survival control checkpoints. Such mutations are for example those located in genes coding for transcription factors, apoptotic signaling molecules, costimulatory molecules and secreted exctracellular molecules. All these molecules influence the balance between survival and programmed cell death. Their dysregulated expression enables the cell to overcome defensive mechanisms of the immune system. Therefore, autoimmune and malignant cells are able to survive though, under usual circumstances, they would be selected. The main aim of this work is to shed the light on the influence of the dysregulated expression of the particular molecules on the origin of autoimmune and lymphoproliferative diseases. Key words: autoimmune ilnesess, lymphoproliferative diseases, etiology, AIRE, c-MYC, TP53, FOXP3, Fas, PTEN, Bim, CTLA-4, CD5, CD30, CD40/CD40L, BAFF, α-taxilin, IL- 10.
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Pupil with disorder of learning in primary school
Šustrová, Eliška ; Linková, Marie (advisor) ; Křivánek, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis deals with specific learning disabilities on the first level of primary education. The theoretical part is devoted to the definition of the basic concepts, to the etiology of the occurrence of specific learning disabilities and to the classification of their manifestation. It draws up the possibilities of the diagnostics and of the follow-up re-education. It describes the possibilities of educating students with disabilities at basic schools or individually. The practical part of this thesis focuses on exploring the issue of specific learning disabilities on the first level of primary education, namely, in the third and fourth grade. Three case reports whose results most visibly pointed to a problem are also present here.
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Postpoliomyelitis syndrome - etiology and RHB treatment options
Mejsnarová, Alena ; Demeková, Júlia (advisor) ; Kobesová, Alena (referee)
The bachelor thesis called "Postpoliomyelitis syndrome - etiology and RHB treatment options" deals with issues of this illness, officially recognized as a separate diagnosis until less than thirty years ago. The postpoliomyelitis syndrome can develop in individuals who have experienced poliomyelitis, an infectious viral disease affecting cells of the spinal anterior horns, in their childhood or youth. The main symptoms of this syndrome are: muscle weakness, increased fatigue, muscle and joint pain. They usually appear after a period lasting at least 15 years after primary infection, during which the health state of these individuals is relatively stable. The thesis presents a wide range of pathophysiological processes responsible for the etiology of these so-called late effects of polio. It also deals with the clinical picture, diagnosis and reflects the mental condition of the affected individuals. A large part of this thesis is addressed to therapy of postpolio syndrome, especially rehabilitation, which is an important part of comprehensive care of these patients. It is a literature retrieval of available, mostly foreign sources, dealing with this topic. Also one case report is described at the end of the theoretical part. It includes medical history, examination and treatment of a patient with...
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Etiology of childhood acute leukemia
Burjanivová, Tatiana ; Zuna, Jan (advisor) ; Mihál, Vladimír (referee) ; Haškovec, Cedrick (referee)
Childhood acute leukaemias are a heterogeneous group of malignant diseases. Based on cell origin, clinical manifestations, and molecular/chromosomal changes, we distinguish two main subtypes: acute myeloid leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most frequent form of childhood leukaemia. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is predominantly found in adults, being rarer in childhood. In the Czech Republic, the ALL is in childhood diagnosed approximately five times more often compared to AML. Despite the intensive research, aetiology of leukaemia has not been entirely clarified. So far, we only have knowledge of certain risk factors (ionising radiation, some chemicals and viruses) but in the vast majority of cases the aetiopathogenesis has not yet been made clear. Some of the answers may be provided by studies dealing with the presence of (pre)-leukaemic cells in a material archived prior to the clinical onset of the disease. Such are for example the so-called Guthrie cards, the dried blood samples collected immediately after birth and used in screening of the newborns for metabolic disorders. The better availability of material collected before the diagnosis of a secondary leukaemia (originally meant for the follow-up of the primary malignancy) might help us in better...
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Kompenzace dyslexie v podmínkách střední školy
Buchtová, Lucie
This bachelor thesis deals with specific disorders of pupils at secondary school. Theoretical part is aimed at definition of separate disorders, next up causes, diagnostics, symptoms and reeducation. There is also a chapter about hepl institutions which help people with specific learning disorders and also about people who help them. Practical part is realised in form of quality research. Research is dedicated to case study of student at the age of twenty-one. Partial methods which were used are observation, interviews, case history, questionniare and analyse of the result of activities. Objective of the theoretical part is to find out the newest information in domain of specific disorders of learning. Goal of the practical part is to elaborate a case study. At this point the attention was paid to secondary school and all levels of school and family.
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Life with pulmonary hypertension observed in the IKEM, Prague
KLOPOTOVÁ, Michaela
This undergraduate work deals with the issue of pulmonary hypertension monitored in clients at the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM) in Prague. The theoretical portion deals with the comprehensive issue of pulmonary hypertension {--} its aetiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, classification, clinical picture, examination methods, therapy and prognosis. It also covers its health and social aspect, which is further divided into its health and social impact. The health and social aspect is divided into health and illness, health support, prevention and quality of life. The health impact focuses on nutrition, physical activity, natural medications, colds and depression. The social aspect explores the social effects on health, illness and social benefits for clients with pulmonary hypertension. The practical portion of this work presents the results from a quantitative questionnaire carried out with clients monitored at IKEM Prague between 1 July 2008 and 28 February 2009. The purpose of the questionnaire was to establish whether patients with pulmonary hypertension often suffer from depression, whether the illness affects their health and social status and whether clients have sufficient information about pulmonary hypertension. The results show that the objectives were fulfilled. It has been proved that clients with pulmonary hypertension suffer from depression, their health and social status is also affected by the illness and most of them have sufficient information about pulmonary hypertension. This work can serve as a well-arranged source of information for different cardiology departments that deal with pulmonary hypertension. I am sure that the clients themselves would like to see the results of this work, let alone the Association of Pulmonary Hypertension Patients. This association follows not only specialized literature, but also the quality of life of and benefits for people with pulmonary hypertension.
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