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Refractive index gradient in the cubozoan eye: specific gene expression analysis
Marková, Kristýna
1. Abstract Refractive index gradient in the cubozoan eye: specific gene expression analysis Lenses are spread through animal kingdom as an improvement of different eye types. Despite conservation of some key regulators and shared use of photopigment opsin, eyes and their lenses develop by variable mechanisms impeaching their monophyletic origin. Tripedalia cystophora (T. c), a cubozoan jellyfish, is an emerging new model for studying eye evolution. The presence of advanced lens-containing eyes (firstly incident within metazoans in this phylum of Cnidaria), the two types of lesser eyes, the use of pax gene and vertebrate type of phototransduction cascade for eye establishment make this jellyfish an useful tool for comparing eye development and different evolutionary strategies. We focused on the lenses of T.c. and studied formation of their refractive index gradient to reveal its mechanism. Using new antibodies raised against J1 and J2 crystallins (proteins of the T. c. lens), TEM and histology we found that graded refractive index is of protein origin and formed by unequal accumulation of proteins (particularly J1 and J2 crystallins) in different layers of the lens. We have shown that J1 crystallin occurs also in the lesser eyes (ocelli) suggesting how the lens mass can evolved. The synthesis of J2...
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Study of Transport Mechanisms of Receptor-Specific Radiopharmaceuticals in the Kidney Cells.
Cihlo, Jan ; Lázníček, Milan (advisor) ; Šimůnek, Tomáš (referee) ; Komárek, Pavel (referee)
Renal accumulation of radiolabelled receptor specific substances can represent clinical problems for diagnosis and therapy of some typical malignancies due to radionephrotoxicity of these substances. The aim of this work was to design a suitable in vitro model for evaluating cumulative disposals of studied radiopharmaceuticals in the kidney and for finding possible mechanisms reducing the reabsorption of these substances by renal tubular cells. The suggested model designed for this purpose provides another opportunity for evaluation of their radionephrotoxical potential. The aforementioned in vitro method was standardised and used for the study of transport mechanism of some representatives of radiolabelled somatostatin analogues (111In/125I/90Y/177Lu-DOTA-Tyr3-octreotate, 111In/90Y/177Lu-DOTA-1-Nal3-octreotide), antibodies (111In/90Y/99mTc-AntiCD66) and albumin (FITC-albumin, 99mTc-albumin). All studied radioactive substances were radiolabelled with good practice and analyzed using HPLC and/or ITLC-SG methods. The radiolabelling technique of all studied specifically acting substances (radiolabelled peptides and antibodies) and also any concrete radionuclide showed no significant influence over the internalization into the renal OK cells. The difference of the internalized amount of FITC-albumin and...
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Space in Valle-Inclán's Sonatas
Mathé, Lukáš ; Fousek, Michal (advisor) ; Housková, Anna (referee)
V první kapitole naší práce jsme stručně přiblížili některé teoretické přístupy ke studiu poetiky prostoru v literárním díle. Cílem bylo na základě různých inspirací vytvořit metodu, která by vyhovovala zkoumání prostorové konfigurace čtyř Sonát Ramóna M. del Valle- Inclána. Vedoucí inspirací se stala studie polského teoretika Januzse Sławińskeho. V závislosti na ní jsme se rozhodli zaměřit nejdříve na styl a specifika popisu prostoru. Centrální částí našeho zkoumání se pak mělo stát podrobné studium struktury nejdůležitějších prostorů Pamětí markýze Bradomína, vedoucí k určení významotvornosti prostorové složky pro textový celek a k odhalení jejího vztahu k složkám dalším. V kapitole o popisu jsme shrnuli nejzávažnější rysy a specifika deskripce prostorů v Sonátách. Sledovali jsme metodu francouzského teoretika Philippa Hamona, srovnávajíce jeho závěry ze zkoumání popisu v realisticko-naturalistickém diskursu s podobou popisu v Sonátách. Jako nejvýznamnější charakteristiky deskripce v tomto díle jsme určili vysokou míru vypravěčovy subjektivity při popisu, dynamizující zdobnost podtémat jednotlivých prostorů a používání kulturních klišé, jež vede k aktivnímu zapojení čtenáře do literární komunikace. Popisující odkazuje na kulturně známé vzory takových prostorů, čtenář si má představit příkladný objekt...
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Flow, chemical and isotopic composition of water in unsaturated zone of the castellated sandstone at Klokočské skály area
Mikuš, Petr ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Jiráková, Hana (referee)
The study is focused on character of flow, permeability, mean residence of water, chemical composition of water and chemical fluxes in unsaturated zone of castellated sandstone at Klokočské Skály area. Soil water as well as the water seeping from up to 15 m thick sandstone unsaturated zone consists of mixture of: A) Component with mean residence time 2-4 months (50-75% of mixture) and B) Component with mean residence time exceeding 4 years (25-50% of mixture). In winter the component A is missing in K3 drip place probably because of freezing conditions, which prevent infiltration of the fast component. Sulfates are the most abundant anion in studied waters with chemical flux in sandstone unsaturated zone (SUZ) 7-10 g/m2/year, which exceeds several times the influx from total (wet and dry) atmospheric deposition (1.2 g/m2/year). On the other hand nitrates flux is decreasing with depth (atmospheric deposition 1.7 g/m2/year; flux in SUZ 0.2-0.4 g/m2/year). Aluminum is the most abundant cation in SUZ (average concentration 6.3 mg/l, max. 35 mg/l). Flux of aluminum in SUZ is 2.5 g/m2/year, which is 80 times more that atmospheric deposition. Surprisingly the forest vegetation does not seem to suffer any directly visible damage. Silica is another substance which is intensively leached from SUZ. The most prominent...
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Space in Valle-Inclán's Sonatas
Mathé, Lukáš ; Housková, Anna (referee) ; Fousek, Michal (advisor)
V první kapitole naší práce jsme stručně přiblížili některé teoretické přístupy ke studiu poetiky prostoru v literárním díle. Cílem bylo na základě různých inspirací vytvořit metodu, která by vyhovovala zkoumání prostorové konfigurace čtyř Sonát Ramóna M. del Valle- Inclána. Vedoucí inspirací se stala studie polského teoretika Januzse Sławińskeho. V závislosti na ní jsme se rozhodli zaměřit nejdříve na styl a specifika popisu prostoru. Centrální částí našeho zkoumání se pak mělo stát podrobné studium struktury nejdůležitějších prostorů Pamětí markýze Bradomína, vedoucí k určení významotvornosti prostorové složky pro textový celek a k odhalení jejího vztahu k složkám dalším. V kapitole o popisu jsme shrnuli nejzávažnější rysy a specifika deskripce prostorů v Sonátách. Sledovali jsme metodu francouzského teoretika Philippa Hamona, srovnávajíce jeho závěry ze zkoumání popisu v realisticko-naturalistickém diskursu s podobou popisu v Sonátách. Jako nejvýznamnější charakteristiky deskripce v tomto díle jsme určili vysokou míru vypravěčovy subjektivity při popisu, dynamizující zdobnost podtémat jednotlivých prostorů a používání kulturních klišé, jež vede k aktivnímu zapojení čtenáře do literární komunikace. Popisující odkazuje na kulturně známé vzory takových prostorů, čtenář si má představit příkladný objekt...
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Fragmentation and mammalian carnivores in forest habitats: variables which affect carnivores distribution and habitat choice
PAVLUVČÍK, Petr
The human use of landscape causes fragmentation and loss of original habitats. Different species vary in their sensitivity to habitat loss. Especially carnivores can be more sensitive to decrease of their habitat because of lower abundance of their prey. On the other hand several opportunistic carnivores can profit in human modified habitats. This study was carried out in the České Budějovice basin, Czech Republic during the years 2008 and 2009 and the aim of this study was to determine carnivore{\crq}s habitat preferences in the fragmented landscape. During these two years were seven carnivore species monitored in forest patches by using scent stations. Records of this monitoring were compared with physiognomy of these patches and structure of surrounding landscape.
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Differentiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae colonies
Čáp, Michal ; Palková, Zdena (advisor) ; Pichová, Iva (referee) ; Demnerová, Kateřina (referee)
Yeast colonies are, alongside to bacterial biofilms, multicellular communities formed by unicellular microorganisms. These specific communities differ in many ways from populations cultivated in planktonic cultivations. Gradients of nutrients, metabolic by- products and other factors are formed and preserved within these structures, which provides a basis for cellular differentiation. Current literature concerning these issues with emphasis on yeast colonies and biofilms is summarised in the Introduction of this work. Section Results then describes my contribution to the knowledge on the differentiation of the colonies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system for studying microbial multicellular structures. Previously described horizontal differentiation, i.e. differentiation between colony centre and margin, is further characterised with respect to ammonia signalling and stress resistance. The importance of genes conferring the cell`s oxidative stress resistance in colony differentiation was studied and it was concluded that not stress resistance but rather metabolic and other changes promoted by ammonia signal are important for colony differentiation and survival. A new type of colony differentiation - the horizontal, i.e. differentiation between upper and lower part of the colony, is...
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Gender, Identity and Sexuality in Japanese Anime
Hoffová, Michaela ; LANGEROVÁ, Viera (advisor) ; PAVLÁTOVÁ, Michaela (referee)
This postgraduate thesis called "Gender, Identity and Sexuality in Japanese Anime", will be dealing with the depiction and grasping of the meaning of gender, sexuality and identity and the overcoming of their traditional borderlines in Japanese anime. The meaning of the word "gender" in this thesis, is primarily referring to it's original meaning, typically used with reference to social and cultural arrangements of gender roles rather than biological differences between sexes, which is how the word "gender" is often misused. This thesis will primarily be an in-depth research of the diverse interpretation of gender, sexuality and identity in Japanese animated film from an anthropological point of view, incorporating history, tradition and social development in Japan, ranging from its very first mythological beginnings up to present day. Japanese animated film is characterized by its broad range of genres and it's diversity, which is derived not only from the richness of its own unique culture and way of thinking, but also by adopting western concepts, which are then moulded together and joined in a new original form. This manner of adopting certain aspects from other cultures and their uniting with Japanese tradition and culture created a rich fertile ground for growth of new concepts of gender, sexuality and identity. It is also thanks to this aspect, that Japanese anime has obtained a huge enthusiastic and devoted fan base all around the world. The aim of this thesis is to illuminate the background of the emergence of different concepts of gender, sexuality and identity in Japanese anime and to point out these aspects in individual film and series productions, which best depict these different concepts.
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Analysis of Volunteer Motivation
Kusáková, Olga ; Pauknerová, Daniela (advisor) ; Mudrová, Kateřina (referee)
This master's thesis deals with motivation of volunteers. The theoretical part focuses on the field of volunteering in general and also the field of motivation of volunteers. The empirical part presents results from the research that was conducted to find out what the motivation of volunteers in two non-profit organizations was. Findings were put into context and similarities and differences between the two were found. Research was based on questionnaires distributed to volunteers and in-depth interviews with the workers from both organizations. The interviews revealed the perspective of volunteer motivation from the organizations' side. Analysis of results was followed by recommendations for both organizations to improve their work with volunteers.
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