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Detection of Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women and newborns
HÁLOVÁ, Eliška
S. agalactiae are common commensals of the nasopharynx, vagina and gastrointestinal tract. Now digestive tract is considered a very likely source of vaginal colonization. Colonization by the bacteria is in many cases asymptomatic. S. agalactiae causes a variety of infections in neonates and is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Transmission takes place vertically from colonized mother to fetus. A potential source of GBS infections may also be mother's milk. This type of transmission is very rare. S. agalactiae infection induces not only in neonates but also in adults, particularly in older persons and persons with other ongoing disease. In the theoretical part, I focused on the current knowledge about S. agalactiae, neonatal GBS infections and their prevention options. Then I assess current possibilities of identification and diagnostics of S. agalactiae, including the determination of antibiotic susceptibility. I outlined the current situation of the increasing resistance of S. agalactiae to macrolides and lincosamides and described the situation in several different countries. The practical part is performed on bacteriological department Ceske Budejovice Hospital, a.s. where I dealt with the whole process of identification and diagnostics of S. agalactiae. Firstly I did cultivate, or also preparing specimens for microscopic evaluation. I also identified S. agalactiae using CAMP assay, latex agglutination method or MALDI - TOF. For strains identified as S. agalactiae was performed for antibiotic sensitivity by the disc diffusion test. All the work I carried out under the supervision of the head of his thesis and laboratory staff according to standard operating procedures. Part of my work is devoted to the results. Their statistical processing, I found the colonization by S. agalactiae in a population of pregnant women. I also concentrated on the distribution of individual serotypes of this bacterium in newborns. For each strain isolated from pregnant women and infants I assess its sensitivity to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. The practice in the laboratory showed that the most frequently used methods for identification of S. agalactiae are CAMP test and MALDI - TOF mass spectrometry. Latex agglutination today too often used.
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Adjustable crank mechanism for shock absorber testing rig.
Podhorský, Petr ; Číž, Petr (referee) ; Mazůrek, Ivan (advisor)
This bechelor thesis deals with redesing of the mechanical shock absorber tester, which is situated in laboratory of designed department. First part focuses on the principle of shock absorbers and division. Next is something about devices, which are used to testing the shock absorbers. Because these equipments are a wealth of species, work is focusing on the devices, which tests excluded shock absorber only. The next part describes a few variants reconstruction of referenced tester. After that is chosen variant, which is the most simple, economic and production simple. This variant is after that numerically checked. In the end is educt, which describe the tester redesign.
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Bacteriological examination of blood cultures
MAJEROVÁ, Natálie
The aim of this bachelor thesis is the introduction of possibilities of hemoculture examination, assuming the methodology of evolving the manual and automated hemocultures in tha Stafila laboratories and at the Department of Bacteriology in the Hospital of České Budějovice. Then it deals with the comparison of those two systems and learning the basic interpretation of results. In the theoretical part I focus on blood circulation infections, sepsis and its diagnostics and nozocomial infections.The last part delas with the most frequent bacterial causers of blood circulation infections. The practical part focuses on the approach of hemoculture process, firstly on the preanalytic part which includes the sample collection and its transport. Secondly there is the analytic part where cultivation bottles are described as well as the basic methods for bacteria certification such as making the microscopic sample and bacteria cultivation. The next part delas with the determination of a bacteria kind and its antibiotics sensitivity.In the last part there are results of cultivation of the followed up file from the both methods. Positive findig occuresd in 15% of taken hemocultures.
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The wide range impeller.
Wojnar, Pavel ; Žák, Radim (referee) ; Haluza, Miloslav (advisor)
The aim of the thesis was to propose a pump impeller with higher effectiveness and verify the proposal with the calculation using programs Gambit and Fluent. Three designed impellers were afterwards made using 3D printer and its characteristics were measured in a hydraulic laboratory in Kaplan Department of hydraulic machines. The proposal of a so called wideband impeller of the centrifugal pump was made with chaotic ordering of blade cascades, in one impeller occur blades with various input and output angles and different shapes of blades but all blades have got similar shape in a meridian sectional view of impeller. The thesis was divided into three parts. In the first part, a conforming transformation was theoretically described which was in the thesis used for the shape proposal of impeller blades. In the second part of the thesis final proposals and calculations of pump impellers were made. The third part of the thesis focused on the processing and evaluation of experimental measurement in the hydraulic laboratory and finally the results of the thesis were summarized in the conclusion.
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Řešení dynamické konfigurace IPv6 klientů v počítačové síti MENDELU
Chumlenová, Barbora
In the first part of this bachelor thesis, there is an explanation and analysis of IPv6 network protocol basic features, which is becoming used as standard for network communication in this time. In the next parts of the thesis, there is an explanation of different variants of dynamic configuration. The SLAAC mechanism in combination with statefull and stateless DHCPv6. These variants were verified and tested in the laboratory of Computer Networking at the Department of Infor-matics FBE MENDELU. The goal of this thesis was to test these variants and choose the most suitable configuration of clients, which should be used in the production network MENDELU.
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Treatment of waste gases polluted by freons
Frydrych, Tomáš ; Houdková, Lucie (referee) ; Dvořák, Radek (advisor)
This thesis inquire into experimental decomposition of freon R-22 (CHClF2 - chlorodifluorometan) for different process conditions, by the help of pilot experimental unit in heavy laboratories DEPARTMENT of process and enviromental engineering Brno. This unit can decomposition waste gas, as the case may be combustion gas by the thermic oxidation or catalytic oxidation. Ground was in theoretical research, in which had been executed decomposition of freon R-22 in laboratory. In terms of experimental work were to be execution states for decomposition of freon R-22, next will be decomposition of freon R-22 by catalytic oxidation on catalyst Pt/Al2O3 and consequently this experiment will be analyse. Part of this thesis is exploration of facts basic way to decomposition of freon R-22, accounting of experimental unit and discussion of results.
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Molecular biological evidence of Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii) with application of the real-time PCR
Roučková, Vítězslava ; Fendrich, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic pathogen, which often causes fatal pneumonia in patients under immunosuppressed or immune deficient conditions due to AIDS, cancer chemotherapy, or immunosuppressive therapy for organ transplantation. Different techniqes of microscopy and a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are widely used for detection of this opportunistic fungus. But these methods are less sensitive and time-consuming. We focused our attention on the level of specific DNA by a quantitative PCR technique. This procedure has the advantage of greater precision and more objectivity. In this report we describe a real-time PCR assay suitable for use with the LightCycler system. We were successful in implementation and optimalization of quantitative real-time PCR for Pneumocystis carinii. We have reached sensitivity 1000 copies of DNA Pneumocystis carinii /ml. We have set a limit of detection to be 50 copies of DNA Pneumocystis carinii /ml. Real-time PCR procedure was optimized and validated in laboratory of molecular biology of Department of clinicall biochemistry and diagnostics of Fakultni Nemocnice in Hradec Kralové. A standard routine was established to be utilized in general practice
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Use of NMR in structural analysis
Novák, Zdeněk ; Kuneš, Jiří (advisor) ; Špulák, Marcel (referee)
This Diploma work is consecrated to structure determination of unknown substances. The Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové isolated number of alkaloids from three plants: Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC (Rutaceae), Corydalis cava (L.) Schw. et Koerte (Fumariaceae) and Zephyranthes robusta Baker (Amaryllidaceae). Some of thath alkaloids were analyzed in Laboratory of structure and interactions. The goal of this project was to determinate the structure of three unknown product, using NMR. NMR experiments (1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, ghmqfcops, ghsqc, ghmbc) were necessary to reveal the structure of unknown compounds.
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The study of molecular and biochemical bases of cytochrome c oxidase deficiency
Veselá, Kateřina ; Zeman, Jiří (advisor) ; Farghali, Hassan (referee) ; Drahota, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis has been worked out in The laboratory for study of mitochondrial disorders (Department of Pediatrics, 1st faculty of Medicine, Charles Univezity in Praha), which serves as the diagnostic center for patients from Czech and Slovak Republics. During the last years, more than 40 children with isolated COX deficiency were diagnosed in our lab. But molecular background except 12 patients with mutations in SURF1 gene was remaining unknown. Due to the lack of adequate treatment for these patients, the genetic counseling and the possibility of prenatal diagnostics have high importance for the families. The possible dual origin of the defect with different hereditary aspects makes the genetic counseling in the affected families complicated and prenatal diagnostics based only on biochemical analyses very problematical if even possible. This work had been arisen basically from the necessity to find the molecular background of isolated COX deficiency in our patients. In addition of simple characterization of molecular background and optimalization of methods for routine diagnostics, we were able to study the impact of several mutations in nuclear genes for COX assembly factors on the biochemical, structural and histochemical level in affected tissues.
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Epidemiological study of adult patients with acute bacterial meningitis
Svrčinová, Lenka ; Džupová, Olga (advisor)
Aim of the study: To find out the basic epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of acute bacterial meningitis, as well as treatment, complications, consequences and causes of death and then to evaluate the possible preventive measures. Material and methods: Adult patients with acute bacterial meningitis of community or hospital origin treated at the selected infectious diseases department were included in a longitudinal observational study. Demographic and anamnestic data, informations about the course, treatment, complications and consequences of the disease were retrospectively obtained from medical records. Results: From 2006-2008, 91 adult patiens (51 men, 40 women) aged 17 to 84 years with a median of 54 years were hospitalized. Nosocomial meningitis occurred in 2 cases. Predisposing disease or internal comorbidity were present in 74 % of patients. The triad of fever, meningism and changed mental status was present in 53 % of patients. All laboratory signs of purulent inflammation in the cerebrospinal fluid were found in 59 % of patients. The three most common pathogens were S. pneumoniae (37 %), N. meningitidis (16 %) and L. monoňcytogenes (13 %). Two thirds of patients survived the disease without serious consequences, one third of patients either survived with serious consequences...
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