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Czech art around 1980 from the point of view of Cultural sociology
Ledvina, Josef ; Lahoda, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Wittlich, Petr (referee)
The subject of the presented thesis is the situation of Czech visual arts at the turn of the seventies and eighties of the twentieth century. Special attention is paid to the so-called "official art", art sanctioned by the state and Party, and its institutional basis the Czech Union of Visual Artists. On the basis of the analysis of renewed concept of Socialist Realism and hierarchy of genres presented at that time by official art criticism, destruction of the boundary separating the realm of arts from the realm of politics is argued as the main feature of the official definition of artistic production. In a sharp contrast to this official stand stood a radically different definition anchored in the tradition of modern art. According to it a true artist has to be consistently disrespectful of all external interference, be it political or economic. Through the notion of "field of cultural production" conceived by the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu , this fundamental opposition of radically different definitions is viewed as a struggle between heteronomous and autonomous principles of hierarchisation. The autonomous position of artists excluded from the public artistic life by the process of "normalisation" ( the so-called Generation of the sixties) as well as a different though related position of...
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Geochemical Study: Sediments as a Source and/or Trap of Mercury Contaminatin.
Májska, Milada ; Amouroux, David (referee) ; Zdeňka, Svobodová (referee) ; Dočekalová, Hana (advisor)
Rtuť je v přírodě přirozeně se vyskytujícím toxickým prvkem, jehož globální emise jsou ovlivňovány zejména antropogenními zdroji znečištění. Obrovský globální nárůst v usazování rtuti, zejména ve vodných ekosystémech, byl zaznamenán současně s počátkem průmyslové revoluce. Sedimenty jsou posledním místem úložiště nejrůznějších komplexů rtuti. Rtuť však zde může být přeměněna na toxičtější organickou formu, methylrtuť, pomocí transformačních procesů kontrolovaných různými fyzikálními, chemickými, ale i biologickými faktory. Navíc mohou být specie rtuti remobilizovány ze sedimentů pomocí difuze a resuspenzace a tak se sedimenty mohou stát i potenciálním zdrojem rtuti. Proces bioakumulace a bioobohacování tak pokračuje v potravním řetězci, ve kterém se člověk, i další zvířata, stává konzumentem methylrtuti. Stanovení celkové koncentrace rtuti není dostačující k porozumění osudu rtuti v přírodním prostředí a tak stanovení MeHg poskytuje nezbytnou doplňující informaci. Dostatečně citlivá a přesná analytická metoda pro stanovení specií rtuti je nezbytným nástrojem environmentální chemie. Metody vhodné pro stanovení specií rtuti v sedimentech jsou popsány v části metodologie disertační práce. Metoda stanovení methylrtuti v sedimentech pomocí automatické Headspace vybavené pastí („trap“) a spojené s plynovou chromatografií a fluorescenční detekcí je zde také popsána. Zvláštní pozornost je také věnována potřebám zásad čistého vzorkování, skladování vzorků a přípravě vzorků před samotou analýzou, jakož i samostatné části věnující se terénní studii rtuti a methylrtuti v sedimentech vytipovaných lokalit. Sedimenty jižní Moravy a severní Francie jsou srovnány z hlediska znečištění rtutí. Specie rtuti a další ukazatele (Fe, Mn, S) byly analyzovány v sedimentech, pórové vodě a povrchové vodě řek Dele a Lys (Francie) a Jihlava a Morava (Česká republika). Z hlediska posouzení vodních ekosystémů a jejich znečištění rtutí, je vhodné znát koncentraci rtuti v pórové vodě a posoudit dostupnost rtuti ze sedimentů. Technika difuzního gradientu v tenkém filmu je vhodným způsobem jak stanovit koncentraci rtuti v pórové vodě sedimentů. Do roku 2005 bylo použití této techniky pro měření rtuti značně limitováno. Ale nedávný pokrok především v dostupnosti možných sorpčních gelů vhodných pro stanovení rtuti umožnilo využití této techniky i pro stanovení rtuti. Byly použity různé sorpční gely: Spheron.Thiol, Duolite GT-73 a TiO2. Řeka Dele představuje past enormního množství antropogenní rtuti pocházející z průmyslových zdrojů a je považována za potenciální významný zdroj methylrtuti pro okolní prostředí a živé organismy především. Poslední část dizertační práce se zabývá aplikací dobře zavedeného experimentu využívajícím stabilní isotopy ke studiu metylačních a demethylačních procesů v sedimentech řeky Dele. Obohacené stabilní značkovače rtuti v anorganické formě (199Hg) and methylované formě (201MeHg) byly přidány do sedimentů. Tyto označené specie rtuti tak pomohly sledovat osud specií rtuti a vypočítat rozsah jejich přeměny v průběhu experimentu.
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Philosopher against the spirit of time/age. Bohumír Janát in connection with life and work
KOHELOVÁ, Pavla
Bachelor thesis deals with Christian philosopher and thinker Bohumír Janát. It considers not only curriculum vitae of this philosopher and speaker of Charter 77, but also historical events of the second half of the 20th century. Dissertation is based on studies of archival records of documents, correspondence from inheritance and archives Libri Prohibiti, and there is also used method of oral history. Within the dialogues several narrators such as the family members, students, colleagues and people of Prague dissent were addressed to speak about their memories and testimonies. Bohumír Janát was born on 7th November 1949 in Tábor. He graduated in humanities at the Grammar School in Tábor and then he continued his studies in Philosophy and Psychology at the Philosophical Faculty of Charles University from 1968 till 1973. At that time he was influenced very much by philosopher Jan Patočka. In 1975 Bohumír Janát took up work as an academic aspirant in Psychological Institute of Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. Death of Jan Patočka made him join Charter 77. As a result he was dismissed from Psychological Institute and until 1989 he worked as a worker. He turned to translation activities (he translated John S. Dunne, Michael Novak, etc.) and published his philosophical thoughts in samizdat and exile press. From the 2nd January 1988 till the 2nd January 1989 he became one of the speakers of Charter 77 together with Miloš Hájek and Stanislav Devátý. In August 1988 Bohumír Janát wrote an open letter to the American president Ronald Reagan, where he expressed acknowledgements of the Czech nation for revealed consensus to the 20th anniversary of Soviet occupation. After the Velvet Revolution he was rehabilitated and he ceme back to work in Psychological Institute. He did public lecturing and published; in ?Listy? he became a critic of post- November development. As one of the minority of speakers of Charter 77 he disagreed with its dissolution, which happened in terms of its last document No. 9/1992. Central motive of his philosophical essays is metaphysical decision to choose your own destiny, moral challenge as transcendental vertical line, which is inseparable from our finitness. Bohumír Janát died early on the first Sunday in Advent 29th November 1998 at the age of 49. A year later there was published his book of philosophical essays under the name of ?Think against the spirit of time/age? / ?Myslet proti duchu doby?.
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History of river. Lower reach of river Lužnice
Prokop, František ; Županič, Jan (advisor) ; Horčička, Václav (referee)
7.1. Summary: The history of river. Lower reach of river Lužnice. Purpose of this work is to take down history of a river. We understand this history as a relationship between water flow and a human being. It is a relationship of two active agents, which developed in time from cooperation of them to domination of human above the river and its move to the passive role. We assume that it is possible to take down this relationship in following areas: river's influence on colonizating region and creation of transport infrastructure, transport possibilities of water flow, water as a source of water energy for mills and sawmills, river as source of water and food, river as a threat. We choosed only lower reach of Lužnice river from Tábor town to its embouchure into Vltava river in time period before year 1850 (beginning of industrial revolution), due to the extent of the topic. We gave proof of definite influence of water flow on the creation of seats by analysing nature conditions in the region and examining of transport infrastructure. Important seats originated in the places of water ford and on the crossings of trade ways. Remarkable chain of villages originated around the river flow. River was also an important artery of traffic and its flow was the most important condition of rafting in the region of...
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Polish Daily Newspapers' Portrayals of the Events Related to the Velvet Revolution
Chvíla, Jakub ; Rusin Dybalska, Renata (advisor) ; Junek, Marek (referee)
(in English) The aim of this diploma thesis is the discourse analysis of polish daily newspapers' portrayals of the so-called Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia in the last days of 1989. I have focused the analysis on every category of newspapers, which were officially published in Poland at that time. The selected questions are analyzed according to methods, which are mentioned in the theoretical part of this thesis, and everything is set into a historical context. Theoretic part is composed of the history of that period, the characterization of the polish media market in the 80s and the theory of propaganda, newspeak and discourse. In the practical part of this thesis there is the analysis which was made by the quantitative and qualitative method. The chief contribution is the determination of the exact quantity of the articles in monitored daily newspapers, the analysis of selected topics and the answers on the selected questions related to the role of propaganda, the differences (state vs. independent media; polish vs. american-polish newspapers; regional newspapers from northern Poland vs. southern Poland) among the articles in selected newspapers and the theme-orientation articles in the newspapers intended for soldiers, Catholics or teenagers. The main intention of the practical part is to...
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The Velvet Revolution's influence on public life in Milevsko during 1989-1990 era
Wimmerová, Lucie ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Petřík, Martin (referee)
The thesis describes the political events initiated on November 17, 1989, which, after 42 years, led to the end of one-party rule and started the long process of democratization in Czechoslovakia. It analyzes the similarities and differences between the Milevsko policy and the national policy from November 17, 1989 to the June 1990 elections to the Federal Assembly and the Czech National Council. It describes how the democratization process, started with the Velvet Revolution in Prague, reflected in the public life of a small town. It answers questions like whether the political, economic and social changes in Milevsko were the initiative of its citizens, or those recommended by the revolutionary center in Prague? What was the attitude of Milevsko citizens towards these changes? Did they request replacement of politicians and municipal institutions as in Prague, or did they have specific requirements distinct from Prague?
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Modernization of Volyně. Dominant developmental trends of economy, society and politics between years 1848 and 1938.
Polanský, Zdeněk ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor) ; Kvaček, Robert (referee)
Modernization of Volyně, Dominant developmental trends of economy, society and politics between years 1848 and 1938 This text following the proposition of modernization theory tries to regard long-lasting evolution of making modern society in the small town Volyně. It is divided into parts searching for a modern tendencies in terms of various segments of social, economic, cultural and political life. First of all there is pointed at making progress to road-traffic infrastructure, uprising mass-transportation and post, telegraph and phone services. The second part is looking for the meaningful changes connected with the liberal economy and the industrial revolution, concretely redeployment agricultural sector and translocation the manpower into trade sector and industry, then concentration of manufacturing and downfall of the small workshop production. The third part inquires the quantity and quality of the town's population, the main demographic changes came by the removal of diseases caused by insufficient personal hygiene and municipal sanitation and on the other hand by the birth of the new demographic regime and transformation of population pattern. In the scholarship area the dominant trends of modernity are tried to be find in the decrease of church's influence and in the erection of technical...
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Nursing care about patients with dementia at a retirement home and at a home with a special regime in view of a general nurse
DOLEJŠOVÁ, Jarmila
Higher age is connected to many diseases and one of the serious problems which affects seniors worldwide has become dementia. It is estimated that these times there is about 38 million of people suffering dementia worldwide and according to forecasts the amount will rise three times by year 2050. The disease affects mostly seniors older than 65 years. The situation in the Czech Republic is similar. I work at a retirement home and I encounter these problems every day. It was the reason why I chose this issue as a theme for my bachelor thesis. The name of the bachelor thesis is Nursing care about patients with dementia at a retirement home and at a home with a special regime in view of a general nurse. The theoretical part is aimed at general characteristics of a retirement home, a home with a special regime and at a role of a general nurse in these social residential places. Additionally, it describes dementia, its partition and stages. Within the next part, there is described nursing care of these patients. At the end of the theoretical part I mentioned the Czech Alzheimer Society. In our state it has an irreplaceable place in offering help to people suffering Alzheimer disease and also to those who take care about them. Within the practical part I did a quantitative research by using anonymous questionnaire. The results were analysed and used for graph processing. I established four aims together with four hypothesises. The first aim was to discover which positive and negative factors have the particular centres in providing a nursery care according to general nurses. In order to fulfil the aim, the hypothesis was established: In the homes with a special regime, there is provided nursery care with more respect for the specific needs of the patients with dementia. This hypothesis was confirmed by the research. The second aim of the thesis was to discover motivation of the nurses for working with seniors with dementia. The specified hypothesis was that a common motivation is a social conscience and the need to help old people. This hypothesis was also proven. The third aim was to discover whether the retirement homes and the homes with a special regime have compiled standards of nursery care for patients with dementia and whether the homes work in accordance with these standards. The specified hypothesis was that in contrast to the homes with a special regime, the retirement homes do not have established the standards of nursery care for patients with dementia. Opposite to my hypothesis, 64% of nurses working in classic retirement homes stated that the standards are established. I have to state that this hypothesis was refuted. To find out whether the general nurses are being informed with new knowledge in the area of nursery care for patients with dementia and whether this care in the retirement homes differs from care in the homes with special regimes was the fourth aim of the thesis. The specified hypothesis was that the nurses in the both types of the homes arrange their life-long education in the area of care for the patients with dementia predominantly by themselves and not through their employers. This hypothesis was not proven. The reason for choosing this particular topic for the bachelor thesis was to find out whether a permanent coexistence among patients with dementia and their mates in the classic retirement homes is convenient. This aim was fulfilled thanks to the results obtained by surveying the opinions of the nurses working at social centres given at this research. The results of the bachelor thesis will be used and realized practically at The Retirement Home in Sušice, in August 2013, when the capacity of the beds will be increased by 14 units obtaining a special regime status.
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Self-rated health in geo-demographic context
Láchová, Jitka ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Holub, Jiří (referee)
Master thesis tries to analyze self-rated health in the Czech Republic during the period of transformation. In total, individual data for 7827 respondents from three health interview surveys (years 1996, 2002 and 2008), were analyzed. Significant improvement of self-rated health status in the Czech population was identified. Factors as gender, age, education, economic activity, physical activity, body mass index and social contacts were confirmed as influencing factors of self-rated health in the Czech population. Significant results were found also for marital status, smoking and alcohol consumption, but opposite trends for different age groups were noticed. Eating habits and rural vs. urban differences do not significantly influence self-assessing health. Regional differences in self-rated health were not found in the Czech Republic at NUTS III level. Keywords: self-rated health, influencing factors of self-rated health, regional differences, transformation
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