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Comparison of some new currant varieties based on the content of selected biologically active compounds
Marková, Leona ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
Diploma thesis deals with currant (Ribes L.) and substances which currants contain especially anthocyanin pigments, vitamin C and antioxidants. In theoretical part is described basic characteristic about plant, including varieties of currants. The following chapters include a list of active substances which the fruit contains and also the list of some possibilities of processing and utilization of currant especially in the food industry. Big attention is given to anthocyanins, their characteristics, utilization in the food industry, factors that affect their stability and especially methods of determination. In conclusion, the theoretical part describes importance and methods of determination of vitamin C and antioxidant capacity. Selected nutritional parameters were determined in fifteen known and in three unknown varieties of currants. Anthocyanins were measured spectrophotometrically and determined by HPLC in color samples. By pH differential method was evaluated a content of monomeric and polymeric pigments. By HPLC method were identified individual anthocyanin pigments contained in fruits. Also, content of ascorbic acid was determined by HPLC in all varieties. Antioxidant capacity of white currants measured by DPPH was compared.
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Analysis of selected nutritional parameters in the new varieties of gooseberries
Nováková, Jana ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
Diploma thesis deals with the new varieties of gooseberries. The theoretical part characterizes gooseberry from a biological point of view, what is the content of healthful nutrients and states food technology aspects. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with the main parameters examined nutrition: vitamin C, anthokyanům and antioxidant activity. In the experimental part was measured both weight solids content and soluble solids. Vitamin C was measured by HPLC, anthocyanins using a pH differential method and for antioxidant activity determination was selected method by Kanedy known also as DPPH.
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Biologicky aktivní látky v medu
Strejčková, Aneta
This thesis is concerned with biologically active substances in honey. The first part describes the characteristics of honey, its origin and its composition. It also deals with the polyphenols and importance of honey on human health. Polyphenols are the subject of many studies and was therefore chosen as representatives of the major biologically active substances. It describes their characteristics and representations of honey. The second part deals with the determination of polyphenols. For this purpose were selected 14 phenolic acids, which was determined in 8 kinds of honey. Analysis was performed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Extraction was carried out by extraction by liquid-liquid and solid-phase extraction using two solvents, diethylether and ethylacetate. These methods were then statistically compared. The results show that the highest average content of phenolic acids was in honey pine honeydew and honeydew mixed. Generally, honeys contain most p-coumaric acid.
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Analysis of biologically active substances in some cereal products
Valentová, Radka ; Starečková, Terezie (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Presented bachelor thesis is focused on study of biologically active substances in cereal products. In theoretical part over view of cereal active substances, predominantly phenolic compounds were introduced. In practical part 15 kinds of cereal products were analyzed. In these materials some group parameters - total phenolics, total flavonoids and total antioxidant activity were measured by spectrophotometry. RP-HPLC/UV-VIS method was performed for analysis of selected individual flavonids. The highest content of phenolic compounds was measured in cereals containing fruits (raspberries, blueberries, tropical and red fruit), cacao, crusty fruits (hazel nuts, sunflower seeds) and buckwheat. All cereal products contain catechine, epicatechine, catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, chlorogenic and ferulic acid. As a part of bachelor thesis simple sensory analysis was performed and consumer questionnaires were evaluated.
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Characterization of active substances in several kinds of beer
Benešová, Pavla ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyse biologically active compounds, especially of phenolic character, in 10 kinds of alcohol-free beer in comparison with alcoholic beer. In theoretical part basic steps of brewery technology are described including alcohol-free beer production. Characteristic compounds occurring especially in Czech beer e.g. proteins, phenolics, bitter substances and also methods for their analysis are discussed as well. Microfluidic electrophoresis (Experion, BioRad) was used to beer protein analysis. Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, technological characteristics and antioxidative activity were measured by spectophotometry. Individual phenolics of selected beers were identified and quantified by LC/ESI-MS analysis too. In alcohol-free beers similar concentrations of biologically active compounds were found in comparison with alcoholic beers, especially in the case of beer phenolics.
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Biological activity of plant metabolites. XVII. Influence of alkaloids from different plant taxons on acetylcholinesterase.
Nováková, Jana ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor) ; Siatka, Tomáš (referee)
Nováková, J.: Biological activity of plant metabolites XVII. Influence of alkaloids from several taxons of plants on acetylcholinesterase. Rigorous thesis. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 2008. p. 71. Within the frame of the rigorous thesis, a screening of alkaloids from some botanical taxons used or toxikologically significant in Europe (and also in traditional Chinese medicine) on inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was performed. Using a suitable extraction method the summary extracts from morfological parts of Laurus nobilis L. (leaf), Buxus sempervirens L. (sprigs and leaf), Lycopodium clavatum L. (aerial parts), Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (stamens and bulb), Fritillaria thunbergii L. (tuber), Fritillaria cirrhosa L. (tuber), Stemona spp. (root) a Stephania tetrandra S. Moore (root) have been obtained. Individual extracts were prepared by digestion and further analyzed by TLC on silica gel in neutral and basic system for alkaloid content (Dragendorff-reactant). Inhibitory activities of the extracts and of the standards (physostigmine, galanthamine) were subsequently determined by means of autobiographical method using TLC (silica gel, only neutral developing system). AChE came from eletrical conger, 1-naphtyl acetate and Fast Blue B Salt were used for...
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Biological activity of plant metabolites. VII. Influence of alkaloids from several taxons of plants on acetylcholinesterase
Nováková, Jana ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Nováková, J.: Biological activity of plant metabolites VII. Influence of alkaloids from several taxons of plants on acetylcholinesterase. Diploma thesis. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 78 p. Within the frame of diploma thesis the screening of alkaloids from some taxons of Papaveraceae and Fumariaceae families for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was performed. The method was elaborated for obtaining optimum extracts (alkaloid concentrates explicit type) from morphological parts of following plants: Chelidonium majus L. (herb, roots), Eschscholtzia californica Cham. (herb, whole plants resp.), Corydalis solida (L.) Sw. (herb) and Papaver somniferum L. (poppyhead). After preparation of basic extract, and after its acidification and purification water extracts were prepared after pH adjustation (Na2CO3, NaOH) by extraction with diethylether (L, pH ~2; A, pH 9; B, pH ~12) and chloroform (iodides of quarternary bases (J, pH ~3; E, pH ~9). Individual extracts were analysed by the using of TLC in neutral and basic system on silica gel on content of alkaloids (Dragendorff reagent, Munier modification). Extracts with alkaloid content were further tested for inhibitory activity on AChE by the means of autobiographical method together with standards...
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Bioassay Guided Separation of Metabolites of the Selected Plant Species - Evolvulus Alsinoides
Červenka, František ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Grančai, Daniel (referee) ; Patočka, Jiří (referee)
9. SUMMARY 134 This experimental work deals with pharmaco-botanical evaluation of the aerial part of taxon Evolvulus alsinoides L. The plant is a component of formulations with nootropic and adaptogenic activity. A subject of the investigation was a dried herb of the plant, which is of Indian origin. The aim of this work was to extend the knowledge about compounds of the taxon, to evaluate biological activity of the fractions, isolated substances and to determine characteristic metabolites of the plant. In the first part of the project the crude extract of the plant E. alsinoides was prepared by percolation of 8.8 kg of herb with 95% ethanol. The extract was partitioned into three extracts by extracting by two solvents of different polarity (petroleum ether, ether). The first fraction of weight 92.1 g was obtained by extracting of methanolic solution of crude extract with petroleum ether. The second fraction of weight 69.7 g was obtained by extracting of water solution of the crude extract with ether. The remaining solvent was evaporated from the crude extract and this one represented the third part - polar residue, yield 231 g. The fractions were processed by the methods of column chromatography (CC). The bioassay-guided separation of selected parts of extract (test of acute toxicity, fototoxicity,...
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Antioxidative activity of compounds in Helianthus annuus L.
Podlipná, Jana ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Podlipná, J. Antioxidant activity of Helianthus annuus L. constituens. Rigorous thesis 2009. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 58 pp. Rigorous thesis follows the Diploma thesis Phytochemical research of Helianthus annuus L. IV. The thesis was focused on testing of biological activity of extracts and fractions from plant H. annuus. Setting-up the total amount of phenol substances with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent on chosen extracts and fractions was done. Further the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical on various extracts and fractions from this plant and antimycotic activity on 12 testing strains of fungi clans as well. The new findings about sunflower were added into thesis at the end. The highest content of phenol substances from tested extracts and fractions were in 80% ethanol extract from leaves of sunflower (0,084 mg GAE/mg of dry extract). Chosen fractions gained from 80% ethanol extract from leaves of this plant did not showed significant antioxidant activity. Kaurenoic acid gained from ray flowers and fractions from pericarp did not showed antimycotic action on tested strains.
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Fytofarmaka in Urologii
Kunhartová, Jana ; Dušek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Farmakognosie Candidate Mgr. Jana Kunhartová Consultant Doc.RNDr.Jaroslav Dušek,Csc. Title of Thesis Fytofarmaka in Urologii Následuje překlad abstraktu práce do anglického jazyka 1 Abstract The work is focused on Urology and diuretic tea combinations. At first the occurrence of Urinary tract's diseases are mapped in the case of individual age categories. And also in the case of both sex's biological differences. The text also includes phytotherapeutic view of the most using herbal drugs. Individual tea combinations are divided into three categories. They are mass produced, unofficial and official tea combinations. There is also percentage representation of individual herbal drugs and pharmacopoeia and non pharmacopoeia drugs, comparison of urological tea combinations in the numbers of containing drugs. The result of the work is summarized in tables and graphs in the end. The content of active substances is compared and also their effect on urological apparatus. In the end there is comparison of individual pharmacopoeial definitions and requirements
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