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Targeted differenciation of limbal and mesenchymal stem cells and their therapeutic application
Kuthanová, Hana ; Holáň, Vladimír (advisor) ; Indrová, Marie (referee)
The research of stem cells slowly transfers from the experimental to the preclinical and clinical level. They are in the centre of interest thanks to their potential to treat many of severe injuries and genetically determined diseases. However, the clinical application of these cells has to be based on a basic research of their characteristics and differential potential. Adult stem cells are in organism in minor populations in unique niches. In comparison with embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, the adult stem cells have lower differential potential but they also tend less to making teratomas. The therapeutic use of differential and transdifferential potential of limbal and mesenchymal stem cells is described here in more detail with focus on their use in damaged ocular surface treatment. Limbal stem cells are the only source of stem cells for corneal epithelium regeneration in most organisms. Deficiency of these stem cells leads to severe eye disorders even to blindness. Nowadays, a transplantation of allogeneic limbal stem cells or allogeneic limbus is the only chance for patients with total limbal stem cell deficiency. In clinical trials with patients with particular limbal stem cell deficiency, autologous limbal stem cells were successfully transplanted. Mesenchymal stem cells derived...
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Ontologies as an instrument for a design of data models of selected themes of the INSPIRE directive
Čerba, Otakar ; Čepek, Aleš (advisor) ; Rapant, Petr (referee) ; Feranec, Ján (referee)
It turns out that for most users of spatial data presents a harmonization of data (as an elimination of heterogeneity) as the greatest problem - a transformation their own data sets to the data specifications produced by the INSPIRE Directive so as not to limit current processes processing, management, sharing and presentation of data. Therefore, they need the widest possible description of spatial data, because it will only eliminate the problems of heterogeneity. The author of this Ph.D. thesis dealt with the opportunities which ontologies bring to the process of data modelling. The aim was to describe using ontologies the selected part (classification systems) of data models of spatial data themes "Land Cover" and "Land Use" which are defined in Annexes II and III of the INSPIRE directive. Developed ontologies serve as a source of information on classification systems. Their evaluation (so-called reasoning) will provide new information (relationships between taxonomy elements) that play an important role in the transformation process of classification systems as part of the harmonization of spatial data. Creating of ontologies consisted of three main steps - selection of appropriate methodology, development of a basic ontology structure and iterative process of populating and specification of...
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Comparison of training preparation skibobbers and skiers in Jablonec nad Jizerou
Havlíček, Jan ; Gnad, Tomáš (advisor) ; Matošková, Petra (referee)
Title of the thesis: Characterization of training of skibobbers in Jablonec nad Jizerou Aim of the thesis: The aim of the thesis is to characterize a training plan throughout a whole year, to learn the training difficulties during various periods and to show differences and similarities with training plans of skiers. Methods: Search of literature focused on training of skiers a learning of biomechanical aspects of ski-driving. There is a very few pieces of literature dealing with skibobs. Therefore most of the information is gain from trainers in Jablonec nad Jizerou, especially from the current representation trainer. The training plans of skier and skibobber are completed from available sources (interview, notes). Training analysis and their differences were done by deductive analysis. Results: Characterization of training units of skibobber and skier is very similar. The differences were found in training composition where in case of a skibobber there is more emphasis laid on strengthening his or her arms. This kind of training is also more frequent than in case of a skier. Thanks to more bicycles training and motion activities for strengthening arms. Skibbobers have also more frequent participation in various races. However, this depends on individual efficiency. Key words: skiers, skibobbers,...
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Liver gangliosides in cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation.
Hynková, Barbora ; Entlicher, Gustav (advisor) ; Ledvinová, Jana (referee)
Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids located on the cell surface of all animal cell types. They play a role as receptor molecules, share in cell-to-cell interaction and protect the cell against harmful environmental factors by increasing of rigidity of cell surface. This diploma thesis studies an influence of experimental cholestasis on hepatic ganglioside composition. Cholestasis was induced by bile duct ligation in Wistar rats. A significant increase of total lipid bound sialic acid and b-series gangliosides (GD1b, GT1b, event. GD3) was found in cholestatic liver when compared with controls. These results found in obstructive cholestasis correspond with the results Majer et al. Biomed. Chromatogr., 21, 446-450 (2007), described in 17α− ethinylestradiol induced cholestasis, but the increase of b-series gangliosides was milder in our study. As a second point, an effect of modulated heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) activity was investigated in cholestatis induced bile duct ligation (HO-1 activator- hemine, HO-1 inhibitor- Sn-mesoporphyrin). An increase of a total lipid sialic acid was found in Sn-mesoporphyrin treated animals, but a decrease of some a- and b- series gangliosides was observed. In group with activated HO-1 total sialic acid increased, but the composition of gangliosides...
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Cytoplasmic membrane adaptation to surfactin in Bacillus subtilis non-producing strain
Stružinská, Olga ; Svobodová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Fišer, Radovan (referee)
Cytoplasmic membrane adaptation to surfactin in Bacillus subtilis 168 non-producing strain Surfactin, the most potent surface active compound and antibiotic is produced by bacteria of the genus Bacillus. Surfactin interacts with membrane bilayers, that results in destabilization and permeabilization of this structure. However mechanism of surfactin self-resistance in the producer's membrane is not understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the adaptive processes occurring at the level of cytoplasmic membrane of surfactin non-producing strain B. subtilis 168, which was exposed to exogenously added surfactin during the exponential phase of growth. The cultivation protocol of B. subtilis growth on agar media plates supplemented with surfactin was developed. Two surfactin concentrations that inhibit (400 g/ml) and even stimulate (300 g/ml) the growth of B. subtilis 168 strain were assessed. Surfactin brought about the growth arrest for 3 hours and the restored growth rate decreased in the case of inhibitory concentration, whereas the stimulatory concentration increased the growth rate and resulted in higher final density of the population. TLC was performed to analyze the polar head groups of membrane phospholipids. The portion of phosphatidylserine was found to increase at both surfactin...
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Liver gangliosides in cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation.
Hynková, Barbora ; Entlicher, Gustav (advisor) ; Ledvinová, Jana (referee)
Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids located on the cell surface of all animal cell types. They play a role as receptor molecules, share in cell-to-cell interaction and protect the cell against harmful environmental factors by increasing of rigidity of cell surface. This diploma thesis studies an influence of experimental cholestasis on hepatic ganglioside composition. Cholestasis was induced by bile duct ligation in Wistar rats. A significant increase of total lipid bound sialic acid and b-series gangliosides (GD1b, GT1b, event. GD3) was found in cholestatic liver when compared with controls. These results found in obstructive cholestasis correspond with the results Majer et al. Biomed. Chromatogr., 21, 446-450 (2007), described in 17ethinylestradiol induced cholestasis, but the increase of b- series gangliosides was milder in our study. As a second point, an effect of modulated heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) activity was investigated in cholestatic rats (HO-1 activator- hemine, HO- 1 inhibitor- Sn- mesoporphyrin). An increase of a total lipid sialic acid was found in Sn-mesoporphyrin treated animals but without significant changes in gangliosides composition. Lipid sialic acid and gangliosides were not changed in animals with hemine activated HO-1. Expression of mRNA of key...
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Gene flow and its consequences for microevolution in Taraxacum (Asteraceae)
Marván, Richard ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Brdička, Radim (referee) ; Lhota, Stanislav (referee)
Microsatellites(SIR) are very abundantand spread over the entire genome of all living organisms,so markers can be developedfor any genetic objective.Some SfRs exhibit very high levels of allelic variation.SIRs are generallyeasy to obtain and rapidlyassayed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), requiringonly minute amountsof biologicalmaterial.Their distinctattributes made them attractiveand the popular tool of choice in a numberof applicationswithinthe area of biology' The core of this Íheslsconslsts of five chaptersrepresentingsťudieswhere we investigated autosomal or Y_linked SIRs Íocarry out our tasks. our objectives Were (i) to investigateallele frequencies for a set of autosomal SIRS, to estimatestandard population and forensic genetic parameters,and to perŤorman inter_populationcomparisonof allele frequencydata;(ii)to design a novel PCR-based Y chromosomeSIR multiplexassay for the analysisof highlydiverseloci, and to evaluateťhissysťemfor forensicand populationgenetic purposes;and (iii)to carryout the firststudy in a Pan paniscusgroup wherea combinationof behaviouraldata on male dominancerank and matingsuccess withgeneticdataonpaternityallowsthetestingof thepatternof relationshipsbetween thesevariables,and to evaluatepossib/econsequencesof the establishedgenetic relationshipsfor...
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Determinants of tax revenue in OECD countries over the period 1999-2013
Tran, Tung Thanh ; Komrska, Martin (advisor) ; Chytil, Zdeněk (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyses impact of selected factors (economic, institutional and social-demographic) on tax revenue in 27 OECD countries. Four econometric models were estimated, based on panel data from the period 1999 to 2013. Analysed determinants of dependent variable are GDP per capita, shadow economy, openness to trade, civil liberties, corruption, population density and agriculture share in GDP. Results show that GDP per capita, as an indicator of the overall level of economic development, and even shadow economy have significantly positive effect on tax revenue. It was also found that agriculture share in GDP, corruption and quite surprisingly against my assumption civil liberties are negatively correlated with tax revenue.
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Measuring efficiency of hospitals in the Czech Republic
Procházková, Jana ; Chalupka, Radovan (referee) ; Gregor, Martin (advisor)
This thesis estimates cost efficiency of 99 general hospitals in the Czech Republic during 2001-2008 using Data Envelopment Analysis and Stochastic Frontier Analysis. It tests comparability of their results finding out a certain qualitative similarity. Next, determinants were added into SFA and efficiency of Czech hospitals examined. The presence of inefficiency is group specific even having accounted for various determinants. The effects of determinants were tested. Inefficiency increases with teaching status, more than 20,000 treated patients a year, not-for-profit status, larger share of the elderly in the municipality and average salary in the district. Inefficiency decreases with less than 10,000 patients treated a year, larger population, higher unemployment rate and more hospitals in the region.
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