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The role of the US dollar as a global reserve currency and major currency in international trade
Škodáčková, Marcela ; Mandel, Martin (advisor)
Bretton Woods established a system of payments based on the dollar. Despite declining value in time, US dollar still plays an important role in foreign exchange markets and in in-ternational trade. This bachelor thesis examines the status of the U.S. dollar as a global re-serve currency and major international currency across several key areas. Dollar dominates in foreign exchange markets (foreign exchange intervention), in banking (reserve accumula-tion), in trade or financial transactions and it is mostly used as monetary anchor. Since 1970s, American dollars has been held by foreign institutions outside the United States. Herewith, a new element in the global economy -- Eurodollars -- arose. Eurodollar deposits are attractive for investors because they are free of most regulatory burdens imposed by U.S. authorities. The emergence of the euro as a major currency and global competitor fuelled the debate over the dollars international role. Accordingly, there are some predictions whether euro or some supranational currency might in the future rival or surpass the dollar as the world's reserve and major currency in international trade.
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Theory of a Clash of Civilizations: Case study Kosovo
Kodrazi, Suzan ; Lehmannová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Novotná, Yvona (referee)
The case of Kosovo conflict serves as tool to test the validity of Huntington's theory. Owing to the fact that Mr, Huntington himself described the Balkans and Kosovo as an example of a fault line war, my aim is to verify his assumptions that the roots of the Kosovo conflict are to be found in the religion. During this work the conflict is reconstructed using Mr. Huntington's hypothesis and claims as well as interpreted by three hypothesis. Firstly, Kosovo could represent a conflict at the fault line, which would mean that the theory of the clash of the civilizations is verified. Secondly, the intervention of NATO implies participation of the third civilization in the conflict. To put in differently, the democratic West (NATO) intervened against the orthodox civilization (Serbia) in order to prevent the humanitarian catastrophe the Albanian population of Kosovo (Islam) was to face. Verification of this theory would imply that if there was a conflict between the civilizations in Kosovo, it was between the West (and Kosovo as an integral part of it) and the orthodox civilization. The third hypothesis interprets the Kosovo conflict as a war of the Civilization to promote its own values. Despite the fact that this explanation of the Kosovo conflict could possibly be the most probable one, original assumption of Mr. Huntington stating that the problems of Kosovo are of religious character would be falsified.
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Current problems of fruit growing: case study in the Litoměřice region
Ulrychová, Soňa ; Bičík, Ivan (advisor) ; Jančák, Vít (referee)
A lot of changes have taken place in Czechia during the 20th century, the impact of World War I and the independence of Czechia, the results of World War II, 40 years under the impact of Communism, the political revolution of 1989 and admission to European integration in 2004. Each of these events reflects another phase of socioeconomic development and political climates and environmental changes as well and each of the periods has meant great intervention into Czech agriculture, fruit growing and landscape. The main aim of this diploma thesis is analyzing and interpretation of the most serious problems of fruit growing in Litoměřice region and the historical-geographical analysis and interpretation of the development in land use changes from the first half of the 19th century in a case area of this region. To analyze development in land use changes the database LUCC Czechia was used. The database includes detailed data of 8 basic and 3 summary categories about the land use status in the years of 1845, 1948, 1990, 2000 on the level of comparable territorial units (these are the cadastral territories, eventually several connected cadastrals). For detailed analysis I used maps from year 1845. The next part of my thesis is about Common agricultural policy and its payment to Czech farmers in general, and in the...
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The iconography of holy warriors of the Christian East and West
Hořínková, Marina ; Royt, Jan (advisor) ; Jančárková, Julie (referee) ; Hlaváčková, Jana Hana (referee)
+e holy soldiers are one of the most venerated groups of saints in Eastern Christianity. +ey were, according to hagiographic literature, soldiers of the Roman army who believed in Christ and were martyred for their faith. Because of their military status, these saints were venerated in the Byzantine Empire as guardians and allies in war, as the patron saints of warriors, rulers and their families. +e cult of holy soldiers, however, was not restricted to Byzantium. It was also strong in all the countries that fell under the Byzantine influence. +e invocation of holy soldiers in military conflicts was restricted to a rather small number of saints. +e most famous and venerated of these were addressed in prayer. +e miracles attributed to the holy soldiers most o7en concern SS George, Demetrius, +eodor Stratelat and +eodor Teron. Descriptions of their interventions in battles became topoi in the written sources. During battles, the given holy soldier always appeared unexpectedly in armour, on a white horse, helped the army to victory and then vanished suddenly. Veneration of the Byzantine holy soldiers was not widespread in the West. St George, however, was an exception. His cult enjoyed a surprising popularity in the Western, Central European world. During military conflicts, numerous countries fled under his...
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The protection of the economic competition-the aplication of the economic theories into the practice
Poprac, Aleš ; Chytilová, Helena (advisor) ; Potužák, Pavel (referee)
The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to advance the protection of the economic competition in the European Union and in the USA. After the analysis of the historical progress from the beginning of this politic till the present, there will be a closer analysis, which will consider the key differences of the European and American protection of the economic competition. This thesis is based on the theoretic analysis, which goes out from the progress of the economic schools like liberal and interventional way of economics. These theoretical results will be applied to the analytic part of the thesis. The thesis considers many controversial processes, which were solved in the history of antimonopoly law. The author will discuss these processes in the equation of the theory of economic schools. There we will see a lot of mistakes in the rule formulations of the policy of economic competition. In the last part, I would like to focus on the protection of the economic competition in the Slovak Republic. We will discuss the curious process of the antimonopoly policy in this part too.
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Postconflict Reconstruction in Afghanistan from the Point of View of Institutional Economics
Hrušková, Adéla ; Dubský, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Matějka, Zdeněk (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the postconflict reconstruction in Afghanistan from the american invasion in 2001 with the special focus on institutional reforms which were implemented there and whether these reforms caught on and function properly. Firstly, I deal with the conclusions which the theoretics of institutional economics came to regarding the role of institutions in economic development, how economic and political institutions come to existence and develop and if it is possible to change country's instituional environment. The institutions which lead to economic growth are above all equality before law, equality of opportunities, rule of law and free bussiness and trade. However, not all countries developed this optimal instituional framework because of different economic and political history. These countries then suffer from poverty and instability and in many of these cases the international community intervene to change this unfavourable situation. However, as many these unsuccessful interventions show, to change the country's institutional environment is not easy. Spontaneously or from below developed institutions are deeply rooted in society and if they are not in accordance with new institutional reforms, they will probably not function properly or will even lead to opposite results. In the case of Afghanistan, many years of civil war resulted in creation of war economy and total fall of state institutions while this power vacuum wal filled by rise of local warlords who, with the help of armed militias, seized control over number of regions and made a living by illegal trade. The reform process started after the successful military invasion in 2001 and after the fall of Taliban regime with the goal to establish liberal democracy of western type in Afghanistan was not successful. Most of the country is again under the control of Taliban, economy consists mostly of opium growing and illegal trade and the country is still extremely poor and instable and in spite of the change of formal rules actually nothing has changed- Afghanistan is still war economy and fallen state.
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Stock markets regulation - chosen regulations impact on stock market
Kecl, Michal ; Jílek, Josef (advisor) ; Munzi, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis is focused on state interventions and regulation on field of stock exchanges. On special examples I show for and against argumentation of real precautions. I repeal the questions of public konvenience of these precautions. In the first part of the thesis I begin with historical genesis of exchange especially in our area including the origin -- private or state. The first part continue with theoretical functions of stock exchange and its fulfilment in case of The Stock Exchange in Prague. In the second part I present dilemma of squeeze-out or expropriation of minority shareholders.There will be arguments of proposers, opponents and also neutral arbiter representing by The Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic. In the third part of the thesis I present an example of foreign regulation. It is Sarbanes-Oxley Act with its impact on different entities. In conclusion I propose some changes and I want to give a support to discussion about state admission to regulation of stock markets.
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Regulation of Advertising of Drugs - Education of Consumer
Rojko, Ivan ; Durdisová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Minárik, Pavol (referee)
The main objective of my diploma thesis was to explain the principles and basic terms of drug policy in the Czech Republic, and to illustrate all the issues of government regulations in this area. This paper is trying to confront two different kinds of health services. The first one based on liberal principles, without any government intervention (system in USA), and the second one demarcating with regulations and restrictions, devoid of any free market fundamentals (system in EU). It describes the relationship between patient and doctor, and points out the different number of information, they dispose of. This paper is trying to explain the problem of skewed distribution of information in society. It presents how the government regulations in the free market area destroy the source allocation efficiency and goes against the satisfaction of customers' needs.
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Czechoslovak-Korean relations during the Korean War 1950-1953
Janeček, Pavel ; Nálevka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Tůma, Oldřich (referee)
The relations between Czechoslovakia and North Korea started in October 1948. The Czechoslovak Republic as one of the first countries in the world acknowledged Kim 11-sung's state. In the following two years, no progress was made in Czechoslovak-North Korean relations. The Czechoslovak legation was founded in September 1950, the first North Korean envoy arrived in July 1951. The relationship was very friendly in years 1950-53. In fact, it was rather an alliance. After the beginning of the Korean War, Czechoslovakia protested against measures taken by the Security Council. Czechoslovak communist leaders considered the intervention against North Korean aggression illegal. During summer 1950, many resolutions against "American imperialism" were sent to the United Nations from Czechoslovakia. Economic aid to North Korea also started in the summer of 1950. Until the end of the war in Korea, goods worth 800 million crowns were sent from Czechoslovakia. As another means of help to North Korea, Czechoslovakia took care of nine hundred Korean children and provided education for 170 high school students and 150 university students. The Czechoslovak Republic also sent a military hospital with two hospital teams consisting of 58 people to Korea in 1952. The total value of Czechoslovak aid was about 1 000 millions...
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Writer and journalist Edvard Valenta after 1945
Janeš, Petr ; Holý, Jiří (advisor) ; Janáček, Pavel (referee)
This thesis examines the role of Czech writer Edvard Valenta (1901-1978) in post-war Czechoslovakia journalism. The overview part of the paper tracks Valenta's texts published from 1945 to 1948 in Svobodné noviny and in magazine Dnešek. Attention is also devoted to Edvard Valenta's correspondence not only with many Czech writers, but also with his own family. Based on archival research and eyewitness accounts, this work tries to capture the life and the career of Czech journalist and writer Edvard Valenta, including his imprisonment after february 1948. The work focuses on the facts that were not known about Edvard Valenta yet, trying to organize them and to make them available for any further research or to organize them and to make them available for any further research or writing of Valenta's monography. Furthermore, the contemporary journalism situation is outlined as well as the political interventions into cultural issues. The selection part of the paper deals with the analysis of specific polemical texts among literary groups and authors with different political beliefs. The aim is to highlight the importance of Edvard Valenta in journalism field in the Third Republic and to highlight the inextricable connection of literature and journalism. Keywords: Czech literature of the second half of...
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