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Cerebrovascular Accident and Subsequent Resocialization
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Tereza
This thesis is focused on resocialisation of persons after cerebrovascular accident - stroke. In this research I have focused concretely on interviews with people who had experienced a stroke. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part deals with anatomical-physiological basis of stroke, risk factors, disease characteristics, symptoms, causes, first aid, the description of different types of stroke and comprehensive rehabilitation, specifically with medical, social, pedagogical and working means of rehabilitaion. In the practical part methods and techniques of qualitative research were used. The questioning method and the semi-structured interview technique were applied. The target group was 10 people who had experienced a stroke. Interviews were processed into case studies - case reports. In the case studies, information from people who had undergone the disease was summarized. The aim of my thesis was to determine and compare the opportunities for selected social groups to return to normal life after a stroke. In the discussion, the obtained information was summarized and hypotheses arising from the research were presented. The supposed use of my thesis could be mapping possibilities of resocialization for persons who have suffered a stroke. The thesis could contribute to the quality improvement of education in this subject and also to help educate the public. Other possibilities how to make use of this thesis are to create a procedure that could be applied in resocialization of persons after stroke.
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Detection of cryptosporidia by means of molecular methods in clinical samples:infection or the transit of oocyst through the host gastrointestinal tract?
MUNZAROVÁ, Lucie
Representatives of the Cryptosporidium family are, from a medical and veterinary aspect, designated as important unicellular parasitic protozoa infecting all classes of vertebrates including humans. Their development cycle is monoxene, which means that its life cycle is completed uniquely in one host. Their exogenous stages of infection development ? oocysts ? are mostly secreted in faeces causing a parasitic disease called Cryptosporidiosis. Generally, it is assumed that isolated cryptosporidia from one class of vertebrates are not contagious for other hosts from different classes, and also, that the majority of cryptosporidia types and genotypes have low host specifity. However, there are many cases where the presence of oocysts was proved, or the presence of specific cryptosporidium DNA in faeces of atypical hosts. With regard to the fact that the majority of genotypes and their potential hosts were described only on the basis of the presence of the specific cryptosporidium DNA in faeces, the question arises as to whether the aforementioned hosts are in all cases perceptive to the given infection, or it was only contamination in a sample or the transit of oocysts through the host gastrointestinal tract. This issue is also characterised as being the main objective of this thesis. The study gives an appropriate answer to this question by a series of experiments. Different isolations of cryptosporidia were used for experimental infection of rodents which were per orally infected and put down after reaching the specified patent period. By means of the combination of standard parasitological and molecular methods, the presence of oocysts and specific DNA of cryptosporidia in faeces and in mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract of infected hosts was observed. The results of this study prove that the transit of oocysts through the gastrointestinal tract can be detected in the interval between 6 and 24 hours after infection, yet not in every case. On the basis of this finding, the first hypothesis which stated that it is not possible to qualify explicitly by detection of a specific cryptosporidium DNA in faeces whether the infection has begun in the host or it is the transit of oocysts through the host gastrointestinal tract, was thus partially proved. On the other hand the second hypothesis stating that the specific cryptosporidium DNA in clinical samples of faeces can be detected only in cases of the host´s successful infection, was rejected.
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Molecular genetics of celiac disease
Němečková, Iva ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Tučková, Ludmila (referee)
Celiac disease is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that arises as a consequence of hypersensitivity to the grain gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Genetic predisposition are HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 genes, which are necessary but not sufficient for the emergence of celiac disease; it is involved in approximately 40% of the inheritance. In the course of the time, other genes that might contribute to the pathogenesis of celiac disease are being discovered. Among these so-called candidate genes, which are sought on the basis of known knowledge of molecular mechanisms of innate and adaptive immune responses, are for example: MIC, TNF, CTLA-4, CD28, ICOS, MYO9B, MMP, TLR and PTPN22. Immune response triggered by gluten peptide penetration into the lamina propria leads to mucosal damage. Different gluten peptides are involved in the pathology of celiac disease in different ways, some peptides trigger an adaptive immune response, while others, such as peptide p31- 43, triggers an innate immune response.
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Gene expression analysis in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Vašíková, Alžběta ; Votavová, Hana (advisor) ; Neuwirtová, Radana (referee) ; Jarošová, Marie (referee)
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal disorder affecting maturation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. MDS is characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis resulting in peripheral blood cytopenia in at least one lineage, and increased risk of development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This disorder mostly affects the elderly, with the incidence of 10-50/100000 people per year. Heterogeneity of MDS is further underlined by the presence of both idiopathic primary and secondary therapy-related forms, which arise from accumulation of mutational events induced by cytotoxic therapy (exposure to alkylating agents or after therapy with topoisomerase II inhibitors). In this thesis, we focused on determination of differential gene expression between MDS patients and control subjects using different microarray platforms. Using nylon membranes, we detected 4 genes (ERCC1, FLT1, NME4, PCNA) with increasing expression pattern in advanced MDS stages, which correlated with disease progression. Their strong up- regulation was also observed in patients with de novo AML, suggesting their involvement in the leukemic transformation of MDS. Comparison of gene expression profiles of early and advanced MDS obtained by Agilent microarrays resulted in the set of differentially expressed genes, which might...
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Morphology and cytochemical diagnosis of hairy cells leukemia
Bergerová, Lenka ; Fátorová, Ilona (advisor) ; Vrbacký, Filip (referee)
5 Title: Morphology and cytochemical diagnosis of hairy cells leukemia (Bachelor thesis) Author: Lenka Bergerová Department: Charles University in Prague - Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, branch of study Medical Laboratory Technician Supervisor: MUDr. Dana Mikulenková Abstract Hairy cell leukemia is the chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of clonal character arising from mature B cells. In the peripheral blood smear and in the bone marrow smear, we find the typical leukemic cells which are characteristic by their size, morphology of cell nucleus and cytoplasm. They are bigger than healthy lymphocytes, and they have most frequently the kidney shaped nucleus with fine net-like chromatin and the cytoplasm projecting into fine salients all over the cell perimeter. In the blood count we usually find a mild pancytopenia. To demonstrate the presence of the pathological cells in the peripheral blood smear and the bone marrow smear, we use the panoptic staining method according to Pappenheim. Among other examinations contributing to the diagnostics of this disease belongcytochemical examination of acid phosphatase and acid phosphatase resistent for tartarate, immunophenotypic findings and trepan bone marrow biopsy. In addition to the typical form of hairy cell leukemia we distinguish another variant form of...
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Mutational analysis of the TRPC6 gene in patients with nephrotic syndrome
Obeidová, Lena ; Reiterová, Jana (advisor) ; Schierová, Michaela (referee)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is one of the commonest cause of the nephrotic syndrome in adults patients. It is a damage of glomerulus characterized by leakage of proteins to urine and oedemas which usually develops into the end-stage renal disease within 10 years. Recently have been described familial forms of this disease which arise from injury to proteins making up filtration barrier of kidney. In 2005 non-selective ion channel TRPC6 was assigned among these proteins. In this thesis I focused on summarizing existing knowledge of the nephrotic syndrome, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and involvement of TRPC6 in their origin. Second part of this work is devoted to the screening analysis of TRPC6 gene to discover possible mutations and polymorfisms in 47 patients with histologically proven focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or minimal change disease. The used methods were high resolution melting and direct sequencing. In the group of patients was detected no pathogenic mutation, only 2 known polymorfisms P15S and A404V and few changes which do not result in alteration of amino acid. So it seems TRPC6 gene mutations are a rare cause of the focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adult patients in the Czech Republic.
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Social aspects of people with poliomyelitis
PODHORSKÁ, Jitka
How it is a consequence of that title, this extended essay deals with problems of people suffering from poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis). Thanks to the systematic vaccination, this disease has not been found in the Czech Republik since the 1960s. The people who had got over paralysis after acute poliomyelitis in a successful way were feeling sureness for years. The return of the illness, respectively its late consequences after a few decades of a normal life means a change-over from the state of full or - as the case may be {--} only mildly reduced abilities to the state of lifelong invalidity for them. Handicapped people have to get over great numbers of obstructions and limits which arise partly from the existence of hte certain handicap and which are given by the handicaps {--} limits the organization of the society put in their way in the course of ist development in parts. Over recent years, the Czech Rebublik has ranged with the countries which realize a greater responsibility for the elimination of barriers keeping the handicapped citizens away from a full - value participation in the life of the society. The aim of the essay was to obtain a comprehensive view of possibilities of keeping social needs of people suffering from poliomyelitis {--} infantile paralysis and to evaluate the barriers which have to be got over by that group. It was also a very important thing to find the quality of life and satisfaction with a realization of aims of life as far as people suffering from poliomyelitis and to compare it with the quality of life as regards the current population. Three following hypotheses were set in line with this aim. Hypothesis No 1: In spite of the current legislation concerning the elimination of architectonic barriers, the handicapped people are limited in the participation in the public life. Hypothesis No 2: Considering the dependence on the other person´ s aid, the people suffering from postpoliomyelitis syndrome appreciate financial guarantees ensuing from the social service law in a high degree. Hypothesis No 3: The quality of life of people suffering from poliomyelitis is reduced, in comparison with the quality of life as far as healthy people. Hypothese 1 and 2 were confirmed by my research, hypothesis No 3 was not verified. The detailed analysis of the given hypotheses is included in the part of discussion in the extended essay. With respect to the relevance of the mentioned topic I suppose that the obtained results could be a contribution to the organizacions dealing with questions if the handicapped people . The essay can be presented at a public meeting of Assotiatin Polio various specialists and the lay public take part in.
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The Technology of Processing and Sensory Quality Rating of Cow?s Milk and Chosen Products Made of It
BROŽOVÁ, Soňa
The bachelor thesis deals with the technology of processing and sensory quality rating of cow?s milk and chosen products made of it. I have set two aims and from them arising research questions. The first aim was to describe the technological procedures of the cow?s milk processing and to describe partial steps in the production of chosen dairy products. The second aim was to evaluate sensory properties of dairy products of an ecological production and the products of a common food processing operation. The thesis is divided into two basic parts, theoretical and empirical ones. The theoretical part is aimed at the technology of the milk processing. There is the description of the production of chosen types of dairy products, such as consumer milk, sour dairy products and cheese. The aim was not only to describe the technology of the milk processing and the procedures of the production of dairy products, but also to capture the most frequent sensory defects and the causes of their formation. Further, the theoretical part is aimed at the pure dairy cultures. In this section of the theoretical part there is described the procedure of their gaining, the most frequently used kinds of cultures and their defects. The last but not least in the theoretical part, there are briefly characterised the most frequently occurring diseases transmitted by milk. The processing of these pieces of information was done through the study of the technical literature and the Internet sources. In the empirical section, I examined, if the technological procedures of the milk processing and the procedures of the fresh cheese production used on the ecological farm differ from the technological procedures used by the common food company. Further, I wanted to evaluate, if the differences occur in the sensory qualities of the products of these two producers. I attempted to capture the differences in the technologies of processing with the observation directly in the factories. Two institutions were chosen for the observation. As the first one the bio farm Slunečná in the Prachatice district was chosen. A common food processing operation was the second object of the research. It was MADETA, a.s. Jindřichův Hradec. I elaborated the data gained through this research into a clearly arranged table using the application Microsoft Excel. I examined the differences in sensory quality of the products by means of sensory analysis of the chosen products. Ten non-specialist evaluators of all age groups participated in the evaluation. They received the sensory questionnaire in which they marked their subjective feeling from the product tasting using the point scale. These parameters were evaluated: colour, consistency, smell and taste of the consumer milk, yoghurt, yoghurt milk and cheese. The evaluators always had two samples of every category. One came from the ecological production and the second one from the common food processing operation. The results of the questionnaires were averaged, transformed into a table and graphically demonstrated in graphs using the application Microsoft Excel.
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Monitoring dependency incidence of bronchial asthma on getting alllergic to eggwhite in children's age
Kaňková, Zuzana ; Nováková, Blanka (advisor)
Her thesis topic "Monitoring the occurrence of bronchial asthmaaccording allergization the egg white in childhood, "I chose because oftimeliness and severity of the disease and also on the basis of his personal interest in allergology and clinical immunology. Asthma (asthma), bronchial, which arises on the basis of allergic inflammation is disease whose incidence continues to rise, both in child and adult population. In the Czech Republic increased incidence of asthma in childrenover the past 10 years doubled (from 4% to 8%). It is known that about 2/3 of allasthmatics have their first symptoms within a period of three years of age and most cases ofsevere asthma begins in early childhood. Therefore, this work focuses on children ages toddler tofollow-up of preschool age. Proper and timely diagnosis is the subsequent development of disease core, but due to poor cooperation such small children is verydifficult. The aim this work is to identify the select group of children, whether thesensitization effect of egg white in the child (toddler) age on the incidence of asthma and whetherthis would simply vyšetřitelný could be an auxiliary marker in the diagnosis of asthma in non-cooperating of children.
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Infectious Occupational Diseases, Their Development and Prevention
Polák, Vojtěch ; Kneidlová, Monika (advisor)
This work aims to map the occurrence and development of infectious occupational diseases (INZP) in 2001-2006 and the possibilities of prevention in selected INZP listed in the list of diseases occupational (NZP) under 1, ie interhumánním transmission. Occupational disease is a disease listed in the List of Occupational Diseases, which is part of Government Regulation No. 290/1995 Coll. The disease referred to in this list are divided into six chapters. Infectious and parasitic diseases are given in Chapter V. It is divided into three items. First transmitted diseases and infestations. They are included here with interhumánním disease transmission. Second Diseases transmitted from animals to humans either directly or through ports. Diseases listed in items 1 and 2 occur at work, at which it is shown to the risk of infection. 3rd Tropical Infectious and parasitic diseases, arising from work in epidemiologically difficult areas with risk of infection
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