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Optical properties of thin film scintillators
Onderišinová, Zuzana ; Kučera, Miroslav (advisor) ; Mareš, Jiří A. (referee)
In the present work we studied Pr, Sc co-doped and Eu-doped Lu3Al5O12 thin epitaxial garnet layers prepared by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) on Y3Al5O12 (YAG) and Lu3Al5O12 (LuAG) single crystalline substrates. In the process of growth BaO - BaF2 - B203 (Pr, Sc co - doped layers) and PbO - B2O3 (Eu - doped layers) fluxes were used. These materials are considered perspective scintillators with high density, fast scintillation response, high quantum e fficiency and good chemical and mechanical stability. They are used in a number of applications in which high spatial resolution is required. The absorption, emission and excitation spectra of experimental samples were measured and investigated. Our attention was focused especially on the study of infuence of Sc3+ ions on the emission properties of Pr3+ ions in epitaxial layers which mutually contain various amounts of concentrations of dopants. The Sc3+ ions do not show any radiative transitions in visible and UV spectral regions, but they increase the scintillation response of Pr3+ ions. This phenomenon is caused by overlappig of the Sc-related emission around 275 nm with the 4f-5d absorption band of Pr3+ centers. By measurement of radioluminescence this energy transfer from Sc3+ to Pr3+ activator centres was con firmed.
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Fuel-energy Properties of Stabilized Sewage Sludge
Pohořelý, Michael ; Durda, Tomáš ; Moško, Jaroslav ; Šyc, Michal ; Kameníková, Petra ; Zach, Boleslav ; Svoboda, Karel ; Hartman, Miloslav ; Beňo, Z. ; Parschová, H. ; Houdková, L. ; Punčochář, Miroslav
The paper summarizes significant fuel-energy and physico-chemical properties of stabilized sewage sludge. Sewage sludge as a fuel is characterized by high proportions of water content, volatile matter content, ash content and a considerable amount of reactive, organic nitrogen (2-5 wt. % of dry matter). In addition to oxygen; silicon, phosphorus, aluminum, iron and calcium are the most abundant elements in the ash from the sludge. The lower calorific value of dry, anaerobically stabilized sewage sludge is 9-12 MJ kg-1 and it corresponds to a low calorific value of lower-class subbituminous coal or lignite.
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22015033110190 - PDF
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Non-energy uses of lignite
Zedníčková, Petra ; Taraba, Boleslav (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the meaning of coal and it's utilize. It is especially concentrated on lignit and it's utilize out of energetic sector. Lignit constitudes geologicly youngest type of coal and belongs to caustobiolits , which is solid with various degree of coalification of original phytomasa. Degree of coalification is situated between peat and lignit. Lignit is characteristic by clearly well-kept structure of wood. Exactly this relative youth of lignit is reason for it's interesting qualitative indexes, in which belongs especially it's natural sorptive ability and quite high volume of humic acids. Both of these characteristics cohere together, because humic substances will certainly be main reason for sorptive characteristics. Coal, in comparing with other natural material, is by it's structure very complicated mixture of both organic and inorganic substances in various states of matter. It is matter of heterogenous system of macromolecules, which is structured of microscopicly distinguishable and chemically various substances. It can be composed of organic components or work as mineral admixture.
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Identifikace radioaktivních prvků s ohledem na jejich původ
Hanzlíčková, Iva
Bachelor's thesis on topic "Identification of radioactive elements with regard to their origins". Theoretical part: Thesis deals with the discovery of radiation, establishes basic concepts, describes using ionizing radiation and radioactivity in machinery, food, chemical, medical and energy industries. Thesis analyzes the sources of natural radioactivity in the environment and mapping the artificial sources of ionizing radiation in the environments considered to be associated with nuclear accidents and nuclear industry. Practical part: Measurement of the access road to the mine Dolní Rožná, which is a transport route of uranium ore from the mine to the chemical plant, was taken. Samples of sand and moss were taken and analyzed to discovery radiation.
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Potentionalities and advantages of nonprofit organisations while finding solutions for emergency events
BÍLEK, Jaroslav
We meet different kinds of exposures with extraordinary crisis situations in today world. It is both from nature (earthquake, overflooding) and from people themselves ( escape of dangerous chemical substance, fire and so on). Even if we try to prevent these situations, we cannot exclude they will never happen again. In these situations there should be some state apparatus which represents the crisis management, Integrated rescue system- Rescue service, Fire department, and Police of the Czech Republic. Also the public service and another physical subjects concerned with this problems. It is up to all of us not to be reckless and to try to help. Because all of us can help not only as a person but also in some organization which we can use in these situations. There are many different public organization in the Czech Republic which are prepared to help people in crisis situations. But there is a big difference between them, mostly because of their externalization. What is common for all of them is that they are all for helping people. Some of them help people in crisis situations, some help the alcoholics, drug addicts, seniors, children. Each of us think about something different when we say crisis. The person is very various kind, who is adaptable even in very difficult situations. The question is, when he can manage all the problems alone and when all his energy is gone and he looks for help from another subjects, also from the organization. The extraordinary situations have happened in South Bohemia for ages. The effectual and quality help should be all-round and therefore it is necessary the help should be offered in cooperation of all local recources.
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Rozvoj a ekonomika obnovitelných zdrojů energie na Slovensku na příkladu skládkového plynu
Mišúnová, Monika
Mišúnová, M., Development and economy of renewable energy sources in Slovakia on example of landfill gas. Bachelor thesis. Brno: 2014. This bachelor thesis analyzes development of renewable energy sources in Slovakia with focus on the utilization of landfill gas. It generally explains what the renewables are, which types are nowadays being used for the electricity production. It closely specifies the landfill gas, its creation, physical and chemical properties, composition, production and utilization for energy purposes. Moreover it characterizes the legislation of The European Union as well as Slovak one. The next part defines the problems and barriers that accrue from the development of renewables in Slovakia. The last analytical part expresses the criticism of constant changes in legislation (mostly in regulation of buying-in prices and fees) before and especially after the year 2009 which results in significant decrease of the available renewable energy sources utilization and their farther development (predominantly from the viewpoint of economic profitability).
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Radionuclide accumulation by plants cultivated under laboratory and real conditions
Dvořáková, Barbora ; Soudek, Petr (advisor) ; Petrová, Šárka (referee)
Environmental contamination with radionuclides is a growing problem in many places all over the world. Phytoremediation works as a safety alternative for some energy demanding and expensive methods of soil cleaning. Phytoremediation uses various abilities of plants and microorganisms to change the mobility of contaminants in soil as well as soil properties. The uptake and transport of radionuclides to plants is affected by their chemical form. Radionuclides in soil are taken up by plants and can thus enter the food chain. The number of nuclear accidents such as Chernobyl and Fukushima operation of nuclear power plants, mining and processing of uranium ores and testing of nuclear weapons result in global contamination of our planet by artificial radionuclides.
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Stability of Vitamins in Intralipid Emulsions and Degradation of Ascorbic Acid
Khýnová, Lucie ; Nováková, Lucie (referee) ; Solich, Petr (advisor)
Malnutrition is a state in which a deficiency of energy, protein and other nutrients causes measurable adverse effects on tissue, body form, composition, function or clinical outcome1 . Parenteral nutrition (PN) is an alternative method of providing nutritional support for patients via the intravenous route3 . PN admixtures consist of fats, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, trace elements, electrolytes and fluids. Vitamins are believed to be among the least stable ingredients in PN mixtures and should be added immediately before commencing infusion. The purpose of this thesis was to obtain more punctual information on stability of the vitamins in Intralipid® emulsion depending on different storage conditions and different time. Water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins were investigated in the mixture of Intralipid® emulsion (Fresenius Kabi) with Solvitio® N (water-soluble vitamins) and Vitlipid® N (fat-soluble vitamins) Adult Injections. There were prepared six 50ml Luer- Lock Syringes in total. Each of them was filled with 47 ml of the Intralipid® mixture and closed by Multi-Ad Luer-Lock Syringe cap. Assessing the chemical and physical stability was carried out after: zero time, 7, 14 and 29 days in a refrigerator followed by 24 and 48 hours storage at ambient temperature and day-light...
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Protein-nanodiamond conjugates: the preparation and characterization
Šlegerová, Jitka ; Konvalinka, Jan (advisor) ; Vaněk, Ondřej (referee)
Nanodiamonds represent a member of vast group of carbon nanomaterials. They are characterized by chemical stability, biocompatibility, low toxicity and possibility of surface chemical modification that enables further conjugation of biomolecules, namely proteins. The most important property of nanodiamonds is easily detectable fluorescence resistant towards photobleaching. This luminescence is produced by so called (N-V) centers that can be formed by irradiation of nanodiamonds using high energy beams. Fluorescence of nanodiamonds is useful for construction of fluorescent labels and probes, cellular targeting and internalization, controlled drug delivery as well as enzyme immobilization. Two main connection modes are suitable for biomolecules' attachment: non-covalent and covalent. The first one has been utilized for decoration of nanodiamonds by various proteins, e.g. lysozyme, cytochrome c, neurotoxin or antigen. The second possibility has been demonstrated also on various proteins and, furthermore, on glycoproteins, oligonucleotides, vitamins or growth factor. During the immobilization of biomolecule on the nanoparticle surface it is crucial to keep its function, for example the catalytic activity in enzymes. For such purposes, the oxime ligation (connection of aldehyde presented on biomolecule...
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Fire Station Type C2
Wojcik, Jindřich ; Dohnal, Jakub (referee) ; Fuciman, Ondřej (advisor)
Diplom thesis is about design of the fire station of type C2 for the HZS. The building is divided into two parts. First part of a building is designed as a rectangular recessed floor. The first part of building consists of two floors and one underground floor. Roofed by a single-layer flat roof of soft PVC. The building will be used to perform the services, the fire brigade. It will be used 24 hours a day. In the basement is located warehouse, HVAC room, utility room and a lounge with an alternative source of electricity. On the first floor are designed garages for storage technique and also the dressing room, workroom, washing box, warehouse, room for chemical-technical service and concierge. The second floor is designed to serve firefighters. The second part of the building is a training tower, which will be used to train firefighters and for drying hoses. The training tower is designed as a simple steel structure with four floors. The project was developed in the educational version of ArchiCAD 16th project is designed in accordance with the requirements of a layout, architectural design, structural design proper and safe use of the building.
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