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Eugenics in the Czech Countries in the First Half of the 20th Century
MEZEROVÁ, Kristýna
The thesis defines Czech eugenics in the 1. half of the 20. of the century. For understanding Czech eugenics, I outlined the development eugenics from its beginnings. The work presents main themes czech eugenics, for example degeneration of the human race, ways for its regeneration, establishment of eugenic marital revision or the importace of medical examinations before marriage. The thesis also presents most famous Czech eugenics. The thesis focuses on the German racial, its main Themis such as sterilization and euthanasia. The thesis compares the Czech eugenics and other similar movements. It is a theoretical work, the research here is applied primarily to the historical method, in particular, the analysis of the literary sources, which are primarily works of Czech, published in the 1. half of the 20. of the century. Also uses the comparative method when comparing the eugenics of the Czech and other similar movements. In the work are used in particular in Czech, but also an literary sources. The work attempts to answer the following research questions: 1. How was the Czech the eugenic movement and who led him? 2. What were the main themes of the Czech eugenic movement? 3. What were the similarities, or of the cooperation of the Czech movement with foreign eugenics associations? She worked on the Czech eugenic movement German racial hygiene? 4. That circumstances contributed to the demise of the Czech eugennic movement?
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Optimization of air flow in hot-air sterilizer
Šťastná, Veronika ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Provazník, Ivo (advisor)
The content of this work deals with the distribution of temperature, air flow and optimized airflow for medical and laboratory equipment. Especially in terms of using hot-air sterilizer chambers. The purpose of my bachelors thesis is the identification of the issues from the best theoretical description and explanation and my bachelors thesis includes picture with existing problematic . For this purpose I have dealt with the right choice literature and personally, I attended a business that is engaged in manufacturing various types of sterilizers.
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Proposal for a new system of continuous quality measurement pairs
Foltová, Anežka ; Sedlák, Petr (referee) ; Holcman, Vladimír (advisor)
This paper deals with proposal of new continual system for quality measurement of sterilization steam. At the begining the process of sterilization is introduced. Then the concept of saturated streams, parameters for sterilization and sensors for measurement are described. Then the current process of measurement of steam quality is described and in the last part the proposal of the new system is introduced. After the draft was the measurement data, analysis and evalution.
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Continuous measurement of the quality of steam
Rageh, Akram ; Sedlák, Petr (referee) ; Holcman, Vladimír (advisor)
Diplomová práce se zabývá měřením, analýzou a následným nalezením vhodných fyzikálních parametrů pro analýzu kvality syté sterilizační páry. Tato práce si klade za cíl určit, kritické parametry systému vyvíječe páry pro provoz dle norem ČSN. Dílčí částí projektu je popis fyzikální sterilizace, syté páry, metod a senzorů pro kontrolu sterilizační páry.
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Physical properties of steam sterilization
Kotlánová, Markéta ; Sedlák, Petr (referee) ; Holcman, Vladimír (advisor)
The master’s thesis deals with finding, measurement and evaluation of suitable physical parameters for quality analysis of saturated steam sterilization according to ČSN EN 285 + A2, which is the first step for the replacement of outdated processes of the analysis by modern automation systems. The other part of the project contains description of physical sterilization, saturated steam, methods and sensors for the monitoring of steam sterilization and the measurement and evaluation of these issues.
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Polymeric biocompatible materials
Matlák, Jiří ; Stránský, Lubomír (referee) ; Molliková, Eva (advisor)
The aim of the bachelor’s thesis is polymeric biocompatible materials. In the first part the problematic of the biocompatible materials is discussed and the basic terms are explained. In the next part are described polymeric materials and their chemical composition, mechanical and chemical properties and examples of applications.
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Study of the sterilization effect of temperature and UV light present in dielectric barrier discharge
Kramárová, Petra ; Grossmannová, Hana (referee) ; Kozáková, Zdenka (advisor)
The main theme of this bachelor thesis is to study the effect of temperature and UV radiation to the total sterilizing effect of dielectric barrier discharge. Sterilization is a process, which can eliminate all forms of life. The presented bachelor thesis discusses plasma sterilization, which is one of the method, which are suitable for sterilization of heat and chemical sensitive materials. This sterilization method is effective on the wide spektrum of procaryotic and eucaryotic microorganisms. Basically, the main inactivation factors for cells exposed to plasma are heat, UV radiation and various reactive species. In my thesis a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) operating at atmospheric pressure was used for the sterilization of the samples. Plasma was generated in argon and nitrogen. According to the previous measurement the best sterilization results were observed using plasma power input 2 562,96 mW•cm-3 (argon) a 2 044,44 mW•cm-3 (nitrogen), therefore the same plasma power input was applied during our measurement. Fungi spores of Aspergillus niger were used as model organisms. Whatman paper No. 1st was used as the carrying medium. Each sample series was exposed to plasma for 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 120 and 180 s. In order to separate the effect of UV radiation generated by DBD the quartz glass transmitting UV radiation was used. During the plasma exposition one of the sample was covered with the quartz window and the other sample was directly exposed to the plasma, afterwards the results were compared. The microbial abatement observed for the samples covered by quartz window was much lower than for the the samples directly exposed to the plasma. In first case the UV radiation and temperature is the main inactivation mechanism, while in the latter one the synergistic effect of UV radiation, temperature and active species is employed. Furthermore the effect of plasma sterilization increases with increasing the plasma exposition time. While comparing results observed for the argon and nitrogen, better results were achieved in argon. Effects of UV radiation and temperature were studied separately. The temperature between the DBD electrodes was measured by means of thermocouple. Afterwards the samples were placed in an oven and exposed to the same temperature as was measured between the electrodes. By comparing the results of heat treated samples and plasma treated samples it can be assumed that the influence of the temperature during the sterilization process in DBD was negligeable. The discharge parameters were studied by means of the optical emission spectroscopy.
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Study of sterilization effect of diaphragm discharge in liquids
Holíková, Lenka ; Slámová, Jitka (referee) ; Kozáková, Zdenka (advisor)
The main objective of this thesis is to study the sterilizing effect of diaphragm discharge in liquids. Sterilization is a process, which can eliminate all forms of life. Generally, sterilization is divided into physical and chemical methods. Plasma sterilization is ranked among physical methods although the action of chemical processes participates in the decontamination as well. Effects of UV radiation, free radicals and temperature are utilized in these methods. Fungi spores of Aspergillus niger F8189 and bacteria spores of Bacillus subtilis are selected as model organisms. Aspergillus niger microorganism is suitable for its resistance to changes in pH and it is viable in a wide range of pH values. Bacillus subtilis is chosen because of a good heat resistance. Diaphragm discharge is one of the possible types of electrical discharges in generated liquids. It is a low-temperature plasma, which is generated using a high DC voltage. In the created plasma streamers various physical and chemical processes rise. The chemical processes are mainly the generation of active species and particles that initiate subsequent chemical reactions and attack mould spores and bacteria in liquids. The physical processes include shock waves, strong electric field and ultraviolet radiation. Experiments were conducted in a reactor with separate cathode and anode space. In the dielectric barrier PET diaphragm with a pin-hole (initial diameter of 0.4 mm) was attached. Enlargement of the hole was observed as a result of degradation of material at the edge of holes due to the discharge. Degradation of spores was observed, depending on the time and on the input power. Other parameters measured were pH, conductivity and temperature. Experiments did not show any difference of discharge activity in the cathode and anode area. The main factor in the removal of spores Aspergillus niger was probably the temperature because no demonstrable effect of sterilization by the diaphragm discharge operation had been observed when heat resistant Bacillus subtilis was used. Also, it was made an attempt, which has been studied only the temperature effect of the fungi spores of Aspergillus niger. The samples were placed in a thermoregulator, where it was simulated the same temperature increase as at the discharge. The experiment had a similar course as an attempt at the discharge.
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Mikromanipulace a kryopreservace zárodečných buněk ryb
LINHARTOVÁ, Zuzana
The induction of germ-line chimerism is an expanding focus of fisheries research. This technique is having a potential to enhance the production of gametes of species that are commercially valuable, endangered, species with problematic reproduction, using a more common or easily available species or species adapted to artificial reproduction as a surrogate host. The main goal of this technology is to establish a small-bodied surrogate broodstock producing functional donor gametes based on germ cell transplantation. Extent preliminary experiments, including documentation of donor/host embryonic and larval development, characterization of germ cells enriched by documentation of their migratory activities, sterilization of the host, isolation and cryopreservation of donor germ cells, are key factors for launching this biotechnology. All these crucial points were the main objective of the present work. The whole thesis provided the focus on two different fish species. First, our commercially valuable fish, the tench, where we would like to apply our current knowledge to create a germ-line chimera within cyprinids by transplantation of tench germ cells to smaller and faster-reproducing fish species as white cloud mountain minnow. Secondly we focused on the endangered species (listed in IUCN Red List) of large body size with long reproductive cycle, the sturgeons. In this case, we have chosen sterlet as a host, providing an advantage of shorter generation interval and smaller body size, to produce gametes of donor, a critically endangered species of large body size with long reproductive cycle, such as beluga. This innovative technology could result in collection of sperm and eggs in shorter time from small-bodied host. In tench we firstly focused on embryonic and larval development documentation together with description of origin and migration pathways of primordial germ cells (PGCs). PGCs represent a powerful tool for creation a germ-line chimera within fish species because they transmit genetic information to the next generation (Linhartova et al., 2014a). Secondly, we reported a practical technique for isolation and cryopreservation of early stages of germ cells (GC), including spermatogonia (SG) and spermatocytes (Linhartova et al., 2014b). In case of sturgeons, Saito et al. (2014) firstly described the origin and migration patterns of sturgeon PGCs deposited at the vegetal pole of the egg similar to that in anurans. Secondly, Psenicka et al. (2015) reported isolation and cryopreservation of female and male GC, SG from testes and OG and pre-vitellogenic oocytes from ovary, of 2-4-year old Siberian sturgeon. Moreover the isolated GC were transplanted into host (sterlet) and process of transplantation resulted in successful colonization of sterlet genital ridge. The potential host for germ-cell tranplantation, sterlet, was sterilized by knock-down of germ cell specific gene, the dead end gene, by the morpholino antisense oligonucleotide (MO) agent (dnd-MO). These results reported the first known and functional method of sturgeon sterilization (Linhartova et al., manuscript). We provided important information on morphology and ultrastructure of beluga spermatozoa structure by scanning and transmission electron microscopy to increase knowledge of evolutionary and taxonomic relationships among sturgeons (Linhartova et al., 2013). Finally, this thesis presents several studies with differing focus of research but with one target goal to induce germ-line chimerism in fish. All these results are prerequisite of future application and development of surrogate production in these species.
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