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Anterograde tracing - a method for detection of plasticity of neuronal tracts
Krausová, Zuzana ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Title of work: Anterograde tracing - method for detecting conversion neuronal pathways in CNS focal lesion Objective: Create a suitable methodology for dyeing commissural fibers and its future use it to evaluate the plasticity of nerve tissue and confirmed using the anterograde tracer detecting fibers from the application site of the tracer in the contralateral projection area. Method: The experiment was carried out on adult individuals of the rat, which It was applied anterograde tracer BDA. Then we watched the ability of the tracer color commissural nerve fibers and fibers on the behavior of the application site in sensorimotor cortex. Results show that Biotinylated dextran amine is capable as anterograde tracer color neurons and fibers in the puncture cannula. However, our experiment It proves that BDA is suitable for marking commissural connections from the application site contralateral. Key words: focal cerebral ischemia, anterograde tracing, BDA, white matter, plasticity nervous tissue Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Conflict in Northern Ireland in the cultural and historical background
Hladíková, Lucie ; Havlová, Radka (advisor) ; Knotková, Vladimíra (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to introduce the situation in Northern Ireland. It follows the historical causes of the conflict and its development over the key events in the 20th century until the recent days. Each chapter considers the conflict from a different point of view; political, diplomatic and cultural which seems to be important for understanding of the conflict itself. The parts devoted to culture and society are concerned with the reaction on the conflict in the level of an ordinary citizen and his possibilities to participate with his own endeavour in the peace process. In the last part, that refers to the latest progression, the thesis reports the hotbed of disputes which are constantly annually repeated and summarizes individual points which are in the future desired to be dedicated a special attention.
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Creativity and innovation in self-awareness and self-management
Mazaeva, Olesya ; Franková, Emilie (advisor) ; Rohlíková, Petra (referee)
This bachelor's work addresses the theme of self-awareness and self-management, their creative methods and implementation. The aim of this work is to represent and express the importance of knowing one's self and to show the important role of self-management in the every day life of people. Different practical tools and methods which can contribute to higher performance and success are described as well. The first part of this work contains theoretical knowledge about creativity and innovation, self-awareness and self-management and the assessment of effective goals; the emphasis is dedicated to one particular tool and method which could contribute to the improvement of people's performance and perfection. The practical part of this bachelor's work continues with working out the theoretical part and is founded on research which aims to confirm whether students in universities are concerned about self-awareness and self-management; and in the cases where they are, to which degree are they using these particular tools and methods. Following the results, an interpretation of the research is formulated in advantageous suggestions and recommendations.
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X-RAY controlled implantation stents to stenoses in gastrointestinal system.
CERKUNÍKOVÁ, Anna
X-ray controlled stent implantation into gastrointestinal tract stenoses is a modern mini-invasive method. Many medicine branches have gone through considerable development in the second half of 20th century. In many cases it has been based on new discoveries in disease pathogenesis, new approaches in therapy and most importantly on new technical possibilities. This thesis describes treatment of stenotic tumors in gastrointestinal tract that used to belong to frequent surgery indication, regardless of possible radicality. Intervention radiology is a dynamic and quickly developing specialisation. New material and procedures development extends the possibilities of mini-invasive therapy in gastrointestinal tract illness. Instead of surgery, stent implantation is indicated in many cases. This method has many advantages when comparing with surgery, e.g. lower invasivity without general anesthesia usage and short recuperation. Indications of stent implantation into gastrointestinal tract stenoses can be divided according to more aspects, e.g. stenosis localisation, stenosis etiology, inborn or acquired stenoses and last but not least benign and malign stenoses that are the main topic of this thesis. The aim of this thesis is success and effectively assessment in stent implantation into gastrointestinal tract stenoses. The procedures are divided according to stenosis localisation in a certain period. The results are compared with other centers in the Czech Republic. In every procedure, we assess the etiology, stenosis localisation, patient age and sex, procedure type and its success rate, early and late complications (to 30 days from the procedure). As in the majority of cases we analysed patients with inoperable malign tumors, the mortality was not assessed. This thesis confirms the only chosen hypothesis ? the stent implantation in gastrointestinal tract stenosis is a quick and effective method with a low number of complications. Our department wants to use the data acquired in practise to compare the success rate and complication number with other centers and according to the results to confront the procedure method.
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Histopathological analysis of reproductive organs of male rats after short-term administration of diethyl phtalate.
Žabová, Kristýna ; Herink, Josef (referee) ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor)
Bc. Kristýna Žabová Histopathological analysis of rat male reproductive organs after short - term application of diethyl phthalate Diploma work Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Study programme: Special worker in laboratory methods Background The aim of our experiment was extend, if diethyl phthalate can cause changes in spermatogenesis of rat male reproductive organs after short - term application. Methods The experiment was effected on Wistar rat males, by which was handed up diethyl phthalate by a single application. Rats were separated into two groups after five animals. To first group, group C, was intraperitoneally applied diethyl phthalate Oekanal 10 mg diluted with 1 ml aqua pro injectione and 1 ml 100% ethanol. Group C was handed up 0,4 ml of this mixture. To second group, group D, was handed up diethyl phthalate Pestanal 1g by subcutaneous injection in the amount of 0,2 ml. After 12 days were animals euthanized and their organs were sampled. Their size and weight approached physiological parameters. From the organs were made the histological preparations, which were evaluated by the light microscopy. Results In hepatic parenchyma were found different sizes of Kupfer's cells cores and congested sinusoids. In the preparation of kidneys we observed prominent...
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Preparation of patient prior to application intravenous of contrast medium in relation to the prevention of renal failure
PUCHOLTOVÁ, Lenka
The topic of the bachelor thesis is the patient preparation prior to intravenous contrast in relation to the prevention of renal failure. The theoretical part deals with the anatomy and physiology of the kidney, provides information about the contrast media of their properties, uses and side effects. At the end of the theoretical part describes the contrast medium-induced nephropathy. In the practical part I focused on finding out what is the incidence of contrast nephropathy in individuals with normal creatinine levels depending on the amount of contrast agent and the preparation of the patient. I obtained the data from the hospital information system Masaryk Hospital Townsville. The database contained a set of hospitalized patients in the years 2009 - 2011, which were performed CT examinations associated with the administration of iodinated contrast media. Part of the personal data of patients, the tests used, the type and amount of contrast agent and creatinine values. Since creatinine values were available for all patients, the final database was created from 938 patients with baseline of normal creatinine levels before the examination for which they may be level <than 130 mmol/l. The final group of patients was analyzed according to the defined aims and statistically processed. Hypothesis of this study: the incidence of contrast nephropathy in individuals with normal creatinine levels depending on the amount of contrast agent as a suitable preparation of patients prior to administration of iodinated contrast material does not exceed 10% - was confirmed. In the investigated group of patients was proved preventive effect of patient preparation before the test - hydration. A higher incidence of CN was observed in the group of patients whose preparation has taken place.
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Stress situations and nursing personnel
MAREŠOVÁ, Lucie
This thesis deals with the stressful situations in the profession of the nursing staff. The occupation of the nurse belongs to the most demanding ones. In this occupation, the nurse is permanently affected by many stressors of different types. She faces death, the suffering, dying and incurably ill people very often. She is there in times of pain, agony and suffering. Personal encounters with these difficult situations require highly professional approach but most of all, they present immense work stress for the nurse. The theory section describes mainly the stressful situations that are the most common and most difficult in the work of the nursing staff. The next part of the theory section describes possible consequences of the stressful situations and methods of managing them including the support by the management. This thesis has two objectives. The first objective was to map the manners used by the nursing personnel to cope with the stressful situations brought by their profession. The second objective was to find out the difference in the coping with the stressful situations between the hospital staff and hospice staff. The research section of this thesis contains the quantitative research done using the technique of an anonymous questionnaire with 20 question prepared by ourselves. The questionnaire was distributed to the nursing staff of all categories in the hospital and hospice care. It was completed by 269 respondents in total. The data was statistically processed using systems Microsoft Excel 2010 and Software R, version 3.0.2 (Chi-squared test, Fisher´s exact test, and Wilcoxon test). We determined four hypotheses. H1: Manners of coping with the stressful situations depend on the qualification of the nursing staff reached; not confirmed. H2: Manners of coping with the stressful situations are influenced by the length of practice of the staff; not confirmed. H3: Manners of coping with the stressful situations differ between the hospital staff and hospice staff; confirmed. H4: The nursing staff views their own mental hygiene as more efficient than the support from the management concerning the coping with the stressful situations; confirmed. The research results show that the nursing staff faces the stressful situations very often. They see as the heaviest stress the care of the suffering and aggressive patient, conflicts with the patient´s family, conflicts at work and workload. The manners of coping with the work burden which proved as the best for them are relax, rest and sleep. There were no differences proved in the manners of coping with the stress among respective members of the nursing team. Nevertheless, the coping with the work burden of the nursing staff in the hospital and hospice care is different. A minimum of the respondents notices any support during the stressful situations from the employer. On the other hand, certain support by the management could be viewed in the form of trainings, supervision or contribution to a "recovery" which are granted to the respondents from the employer according to their answers. However, the respondents would prefer, as the support by the management, the increase in pay or more days off. The respondents view as insufficient the preparation of the graduates for the future stressful situations in their profession, as well. They would recommend mainly various trainings dealing with the stress and its management. A good solution to alleviate the work burden of the nursing staff and quality enhancement of the services provided could be investments into better work conditions, both in terms of sufficient human and material resources and the very organization of the work processes.
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Water as a basic human right? The example of South Africa
Novotná, Aneta ; Zemanová, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Kochan, Jan (referee)
Water is every day more important topic at international conferences and her lack draws international community's attention particularly to Africa. This paper discusses the way to the right to water within the UN agencies. It analyzes the General Comment No. 15 and the contents of the human right to water. Furthermore, it describes the attitudes of different countries to this right. Specifically, it focuses on the implementation of this right in South Africa since the 90s of the 20th century to the present. It recalls some of the key moments, which confirmed the existence of the right to water. In addition to the legal framework and overall water policy of South Africa, it discusses some current problems faced by this country.
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Are people more altruistic towards persons of the same sex?
Bartůněk, Martin ; Chytilová, Helena (advisor) ; Kadeřábková, Božena (referee)
This thesis deals with the differences in the degree of altruism between men and women, with varying degrees of information. In three rounds of the dictator game experiment, the dictators decided how to redistribute the money between themselves and the recipient. The differences in altruism among the sexes were already dealt with, for example in the works by Andreoni, Vesterlund (2001), Dufwenberg, Muren (2004) or Eckel, Grossman (1998), whose experiments served to inspire the creation of the experimentation in this work. However, the differences in behaviour of men and women in all the observed rounds proved to be statictically insignificant, in this work. The results of this work do not support the hypothesis of a higher degree of altruism in the situation when the dictator has the information about the sex of the recipient, compared to the situation where he does not have it. Male dictators, as well as female ones, behaved equally altruistically to female and male and anonymous recipients.
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Comparison of the institute of subsistence minimum in Czech and Slovak Republic from 1993 to 2015
Feurich, Marek ; Kubelková, Karina (advisor) ; Bartůsková, Lucia (referee)
After the split of the Czechoslovak Federal Republic (CSFR) to the Czech and Slovak Republics in 1993, both countries retain most ČSFR laws, including law no. 463/1991 Sb., o životním minimu. So the starting position was the same for both countries. A number of modifications of the legislative environment, which happened over the years in both countries, provides a suitable space for the realization of comparative analysis. The aim of this thesis is to compare the institute of subsistence minimum (SM) in the Czech and Slovak Republic between 1993-2015, and prove the assumptions that the institute of SM always held in both countries the same function, was highly motivational to reintegrate the unemployed into the workforce, and the greater amount of SM has always meant a higher income for people in material need in particular country. But the conducted comparative analysis does not confirm the assumptions.
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