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How is the leaf of a higher plant adapted to its photosynthetic function ?
Matušková, Eva ; Nátr, Lubomír (referee) ; Tichá, Ingrid (advisor)
4 Abstract Photosynthesis is a complex of complete biochemical processes which are working in photosynthetic structures, in our case in the leaf of higher plant. Leaf is the main photosynthetic organ of the higher plant which is excellently adapted to its photosynthetic function. Leaf used to be thin (short transport pathways) and used to have a big leaf area which enables to catch as much as possible of incoming irradiance. Light is falling to leaf epidermis. Epidermal cells do not contain chloroplasts and they represent a system of lenses which concentrate the light to the leaf mesophyll so that a light gradient appears. The cells of the palisade parenchyma are columnar and prolongated and the intercellular spaces enable the light going deeper into the leaf mesophyll. On the surface of the palisade parenchyma cells light is scattered and reflected and thus a significant proportion of down-welling light is sent back and will be absorbed for photosynthesis. The cells of spongy parenchyma have a very irregular shape and that amplifies multiple photon scattering. Important substrate for photosynthesis is a quantity of CO2. CO2 is in surrounding atmosphere and enters the leaf mainly through stomata what is the first barrier limiting CO2 flux into the leaf if the stomata are half-open or closed. Further on, CO2...
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Study of the regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in higher plants
Škrletová, Denisa ; Ryšlavá, Helena (advisor) ; Müller, Karel (referee)
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31; PEPC) is one of the carbon dioxide- fixing enzymes, which yields oxaloacetate from phosphoenolpyruvate and bicarbonate. Regulation of PEPC activity occurs at many levels. In addition to pH and concentration of activators and inhibitors, it is phosphorylation as well. Phosphorylation of PEPC causes a change of kinetic parameters, such as maximal reaction rate, sensitivity to activation or inhibition. Considering that, there is still little information like this about C3 plants and that regulation is in various plant species different, I have dealt with monitoring of the kinetic parameters and regulation possibilities of PEPC isolated from C3 plant sources (Cannabis sativa L., Chenopodium quinoa, Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris). While the activity of PEPC from leaves of Cannabis sativa L. was decreased by alkaline phosphatase, the activity of PEPC from seeds of Chenopodium quinoa, Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris was not affected by alkaline phosphatase. The affinity of PEPC from seeds Chenopodium quinoa, Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris to the substrate PEP was higher than in the case of PEPC from leaves of Cannabis sativa L.. For PEPC from Cannabis sativa L. was found that the apparent dephosphorylation leads to decrease of sensitivity to the...
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Production of secondary metabolites in plant cell cultures
Macháčková, Pavla ; Siatka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Pavla Macháčková Production of secondary metabolites in plant cell cultures The influence of silver ions as an elicitor on the production of scopoletin in cell suspension cultures of Angelica archangelica L. was investigated. The cultures were cultivated in Murashige and Skoog medium on a roller at 25 řC, and incubated in the dark. Scopoletin content within the cells and in the culture medium was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Scopoletin production in cell cultures increased in response to the elicitor treatment. The highest production of scopoletin was achieved with silver nitrate at the concentration of 0.85 mg/l after 192 hours of elicitor addition, compared to non-elicited control cultures.
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Possibilities of affecting of secondary metabolites production in culture Silybum marianum in vitro
Kunzová, Lucie ; Martin, Jan (referee) ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor)
1 ABSTRAKT Mgr. Lucie Kunzová Possibilities of affecting of secondary metabolites production in culture Silybum marianum in vitro Elicitation is the method making use defensive mechanism of plants to increasing poduction of secondary metabolites in plants and cultures in vitro. The effect of 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours influence by three concentrations of the abiotic elicitor (3-jodo-4-methylfenyl)amide 5-methylpyrazine-2-karboxylic acid on the flavonolignans production in Silybum marianum callus and suspension culture was monitored in this study. The in vitro culture was cultivated on Murashige-Skoog medium with the addition of 10 mg/l of α-naphtylacetic acid as a growth regulator. The content of flavonolignans was determined by HPLC. The maximum content of flavonolignans (0,03 %) in callus culture was demostrated after 24 hours of elicitation (c1 = 2,83 · 10-3 mol/l). The maximum content of flavonolignans (0,04 %) in suspension culture was demonstrated after 48 hours of elicitation (c3 = 2,83 · 10-5 mol/l).
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Analysis of plant extract of Orthosiphon stamineus by capillary zone electrophoresis
Hašek, Jan ; Polášek, Miroslav (referee) ; Pospíšilová, Marie (advisor)
Capillary zone electrophoresis with UV detection at 200 nm was developed for the determination of four phenolic acids and four flavonoids in plant material. The electrophoretic behavior of phenolic compounds was investigated to optimize their separation as a function of buffer pH, buffer concentration. A 50m mM borate buffer, pH 9 was found most favorable. The separation was obtained with fused-silica capillary column (50 cm x 50 μm I.D.) an applied voltage of 25 kV and a temperature of 25řC. For increase injection volume and decrease the detection limits was performed by applying Large-volume sample stacking with polarity switching. The limits of detection were between 0,006 and 0,014 μg/ml. The method was used to determine these compounds in methanolic extract of Orthosiphon stamineus leaves that contained 710,9 μg g-1 pulverized drug of rosmarinic acid and 38,2 μg g-1 of caffeic acid. About a 60- fold enhancement in senzitivity, relative to a conventional injection, was demonstrated in a real sample.
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Architectural and technological project Residence Na Plachtě
Kvapil, Michal ; Kolečkářová, Barbara (referee) ; Kantová, Radka (advisor)
Writing of this master thesis was stimulated by my participation on compulsory practice and the level of its interest. The master thesis includes the description and technical documentation for the construction of the reinforced concrete building foundations. The aim of this thesis is to solve the method and potential problems of the concreting. As for the concreting machinery, I suggested to use the machines (mixer truck and mobile concrete pump) from the nearby concrete plant to reduce the total transportation costs. I’ve made an analysis of machine renting fees and price of fresh concrete between local distributors. The main contribution of the master thesis is acquaintance with the construction of the apartment building and with a practical side of preparations before the construction begins.
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Coal-fired power plants: cheap electricity vs. clean environment
Krydl, Ondřej ; Loužek, Marek (advisor) ; Kozák, Jan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the importance of coal-fired power plants on the market of electric energy, with emphasis on aspects that fundamentally affect their production. Coal-fired power plants belongs nowadays among socially unpopular source of electricity. In recent decades intensively growing interest groups that support state intervention and regulation of the energy sector. This is essentially a massive promotion of renewable energy sources at the expense of fossil fuel plants. Analysis of individual power sources shows that despite the current restrictive measures imposed on power plants burning fossil fuels, and especially coal-fired power plants, electricity produced from coal resources is still competitive, despite some drawbacks has many positive qualities. Coal-fired power plants produce higher amounts of greenhouse gases and other pollutants than other types of power plants. On the other hand, they are able to provide a stable supply of electricity to transmission network, and thus partially offset the high volatility of electricity supply from renewable energy sources. The price of electricity from coal-fired power plants could be considered as relatively low in comparison with other energy sources. The analysis shows that in terms of practical economic policy is not economically justified to reduce the proportion of coal-fired power plants in the total production of electricity.
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Data on Quantities, Qualities, Treatment and Disposal Practices of MSW Incineration Residues in the Czech Republic.
Šyc, Michal ; Krausová, Aneta ; Kameníková, Petra ; Samusevich, Oleg
To assess the resource recovery potential of BA in the Czech Republic, it was necessary to obtain the information about its material composition. We analysed in total 6 samples from all three WtE plants in the Czech Republic. It was found that raw BA contains 10–23 % of glass, 2–5 % of ceramics, 10–16 % of magnetic fraction, 6–11 % of ferrous scrap, and around 1.3–2.8 % of non-ferrous metals. Lower glass or NFe content was found in WtE plant co-incinerating commercial waste. The contents of individual components were also studied with respect to the granulometry. Most of the glass was found in size fractions between 6 and 20 mm. Ceramics and porcelain were mainly found in particles over 15 mm. The content of ferrous scrap increased with increasing particle size. Nonferrous metals were nearly equally spread into all size fractions.
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_22317011610340 - PDF
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