|
Rozhraní pro interakci vituálních bio-laboratoří
Mikula, Tomáš ; Bílý, Tomáš (referee) ; Hedrlín, Zdeněk (advisor)
Virtual bio-laboratories are programs for performing virtual experiments. They are based on the idea that mathematical and computer science methods can prove successful in biology and medicine, too. The applicability of this approach is gaining more and more recognition in the last years. Current virtual bio-laboratories are standalone programs, each aimed at simulating one tissue or one biological process. There is a growing need for a unifying interface that would allow to design laboratories that can interoperate with each other while being developed independently. In this work we design such an interface and implement a working prototype. The interface will make as few assumptions about the nature of particular bio-laboratories as possible. Diverse laboratories can then "talk" together through their common subset of supported interactions. This greatly enhances the code reusability between experiments - libraries of already developed laboratories and defined interactions are used to set up your experiment and you only implement the missing parts. We implement a couple of basic laboratories and interactions to prove the concept and to help the developers quickly start with their first virtual experiments.
|
|
Tumours caused by professional exposition of chemical, physical and biological factors
Korček, Jozef ; Kneidlová, Monika (advisor)
Tumours caused by professional exposition of chemical, physical and biological factors in Czech Republic in the timeframe from 1996 to 2008 are on a descending curve. Majority of patiens are men. Ionisation energy and radiation was the prime factor among physical factors; coke production gases and aromatic nitro or amino compounds were the leading factors among chemici factors. The influence of biological factors was insignificant. Ionisation energy and radiation and asbestos were the top two causes of tumours which arose from professional exposition to said risk factors. The most common tumour encountered int his timeframe was a tumour of bronchi or lung, followed by mesotheliomas of peritoneum and pleura. According to industrial classification, vast majority of over 70% tumours caused by professional exposition occured within the scope of mining, metallurgy and succeeding industrial processes dealing with ores and thein processing.
|
|
Radiotherapy of colorectal cancer and compare information paramedical personnel and the general public.
VOCHYÁNOVÁ, Aneta
The theoretical part of this bachelor thesis contains general knowledge of colorectal carcinoma. Colorectal carcinoma is a civilizational disease and it is one of the most common cancer diagnoses in developed countries. The incidence of these tumours in the Czech Republic and other countries is growing. Difficulties appear only in the advanced stages of the disease; therefore, prevention is very important here. Prevention is divided into two parts: primary and secondary. Primary prevention involves healthy lifestyle. This includes regular exercise and a balanced fibre-rich diet. Secondary prevention involves screening of asymptomatic individuals. Patients? close relatives and high-risk individuals (people over 50 years of age) have been monitored regularly throughout the Czech Republic since 2000. Preventive examinations include hemoculture tests, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or virtual CT colonoscopy. CRC diagnostics includes a patient?s total medical history, clinical and laboratory examinations, radio-diagnostic imaging techniques, ultrasonography, and colonoscopy. The treatment depends on the TNM classification. The basic method is surgical treatment that is complemented by cancer treatments (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biological therapy). This thesis deals mostly with radiation therapy (radiotherapy). The practical part of the thesis describes the therapy algorithm at the department of oncology in hospital Nemocnice České Budějovice a. s. Practical experience was used in this part. The therapy is a team work which involves a number of radiology assistants and physicians, radiology physicians, surgeons, gastroenterologists, psychologists and other specialists. In addition, data from this department was used to compare the most frequently used positions, techniques, and therapeutic modalities. 118 patients, who underwent radiation therapy in this hospital in 2012, were compared. Supine position is frequently used at the department due to its reproducibility. BOX technique is commonly used. T technique is used when the BOX technique treatment cannot be used. In 2012, the physicians often used a combination of therapeutic modalities of radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy. The thesis also included the compilation of a questionnaire focused on the awareness of paramedical staff and the general public. It was filled by 230 respondents: 119 medical professionals and 111 laymen. The knowledge of both the groups concerning colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is not at the expected level. The term colorectal carcinoma was known by 95 % of the medical professionals and 37.8 % of the laymen. Half of the laymen did not know the answer to the following question: ?What foods should you avoid as prevention of colorectal carcinoma?? 27.4 % of the medical professionals also did not know the answer. Most of the respondents mentioned the following food: red meat and smoked-meat products. Only a small percentage of the respondents (8 % of the medical professionals, 14.3 % of the laymen) stated that it was important to adopt a fibre-rich diet. In primary prevention, fibre plays an irreplaceable role. Therefore, better result was expected in this area. Many lay respondents did not know answers regarding preventive screening and CRC treatment. The medical professionals? answers were satisfactory, but better results were expected with regard to their education. The public should be more informed about this issue. Information should be provided to people through lectures, educational materials in general practitioners? waiting rooms, magazines, newspapers, or TV broadcasting. In this way, the existence of this disease should enter the public awareness and thus increase the interest in obtaining more information. The most important is the issue of prevention. If people get interested in this disease when it touches them themselves or their surroundings, it is usually too late.
|
|
Seniors´ expectations of the residential & nursing home from provided services
KVASNIČKOVÁ, Markéta
Residential & nursing home is a residence facility that provides its users a comprehensive day care. Range of basic activities that are provided to users of the facilities, is stipulated by the law No.108/2006 Coll., on social services. Needs are a part of everyone's life. The needs happen to get changed in old age. The aim of the thesis was to find out what similarities and differences in users' expectations from provided services are in the residential & nursing home for the elderly. To achieve the research project, the qualitative research strategy was used and method of questioning, using a semi-structured interview techniques was chosen. The research sample included four users living in residential & nursing home for the elderly in Chynov, p.o.The first partial research question dealt with what expectations users have in an area of satisfaction of biological needs in relation to the service offered. The respondents are satisfied with the accommodation. Only one of the respondents does not like the accommodation because he/she is not alone in a single room. The respondents are satisfied with meals. Respondents sleep well in the residential & nursing home. One of the respondents gets disturbed while sleeping by a room mate who gets up early.In the field of hygiene two respondents need an additional help of the staff. One respondent suffers from urinary incontinence. Three respondents use compensatory aid when walking. One of the participants of the research minds walking on the wet floor that is very slippery. Other respondents do not see any obstacles in the residential & nursing home that would worsen their movement. Among the most common health problems there are primarily diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Respondents are very satisfied with health care.The second partial research question was addressed to what users´ expectations are in an area of meeting the mental health needs in relation to the service offered. Two respondents from the home environment and others from some residential care came to a residential & nursing home for the elderly.All respondents would recommend other people to stay in a residential & nursing home for the elderly. The respondents' answers suggest that the staff respect their privacy and intimacy. Most often the respondents find information about events on the residential&nursing home on the bulletin board or ask nurses. One of the respondents said they he/she does not know where to get information.To the question of how the respondents feel at the residential & nursing home for the elderly, some responded that they feel comfortable and safe, and others consider their stay in the facility as a necessity. The third partial research question was addressed to what users´ expectations are as to an area of satisfaction of social needs in relation to the service offered.The staff treat users well. One of the respondents had a conflict with one sister some time ago. All participants of the research have established some new friendships. All respondents agreed that there are enough social events in the facility.Among the interests of leisure there are listening to the radio, reading books, doing crossword puzzles and watching TV. The fourth research question was addressed to what users´ expectations are as to meeting the spiritual needs in relation to the service offered. All but one respondent know that there are worships in the residential & nursing home. One respondent says that meeting the spiritual needs of the facility is taboo. Only one of the respondents attends worships regularly at the facility.The respondents' answers suggest that the most common desire is to have a good health as long as possible. One of the respondents would like a single room. One research participant is thinking about death and says that his wish is to go to sleep one day and wake up no more yet.
|
|
Neuropteroidea and Mecoptera of the Bohemian Forest
Zelený, Jiří
General information is given on the current status of knowledge of Neuropteroidea and Mecoptera in the Czech Bohemian Forest (Šumava Mts.), especially in peatbogs. In the Bohemian Forest, 2 species Megaloptera, 6 species of Raphidioptera, 48 species of Neuroptera (Coniopterygidae 10 species, Osmylidae 1 species, Sisyridae 2 species, Hemerobiidae 22 species, Chrysopidae 12 species and Myrmeleontidae 1 species) and 4 species of Mecoptera are known. The most common species are: Hemerobius pini, Conwentzia pineticola, Coniopteryx pygmaea Wesmaelius quadrifasciatus and Chrysoperla carnea.The species importatnt for the nature conservation and biological diversity are: Phaeostigma major, Puncha ratzeburgi, Aleuropteryx loewii, Coniopteryx esbenpeterseni, Parasemidalis fuscipennis, Osmylus fulvicephalus, Sisyra terminalis, Wesmaelius ravus, Micromus lanosus, Sympherobius pellucidus a Myrmeleon formicarius.
|
|
DNA viral infection in patients following allogeneic transplantation of bone marrow
Hubáček, Petr ; Cinek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šterzl, Ivan (referee) ; Mayer, Jiří (referee) ; Žák, Pavel (referee)
Infectious complications are very common after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Beside bacterial and mycotic infections, viral infections are important cause of morbidity and mortality of these patients. Among viral infections, the most common are infections caused by DNA viruses. Between January 2001 and October 2008, we have tested samples from 217 paediatric and 382 adult patients after HSCT. In total, we have tested 15 757 samples (median 31 samples for children, 20 for adult). Among them, there was 14 867 samples of peripheral blood and 890 samples of other biological materials (urine, stool, CSF etc.). Quantity of HSV, VZV, CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7, EBV, adenoviruses of group A-C, BKV and albumin gene was tested using quantitative real-time PCR technology. Results of CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7 and EBV were normalized to 10 000 human genome equivalents. HSV and VZV were detected in minute number of samples. Threshold for virostatic therapy was assessed to 100 normalized viral copies for CMV. This level was crossed in 55 children and 123 adults. Despite the virostatic treatment, symptoms of CMV infections developed in 68 patients. CMV disease, alone or in the consequence of other post-transplant complications, was observed in 20 patients, fatal in 17 of them. In 4 paediatric patients, we have detected...
|
|
Specifics of social work with the elderly at risk syndrome Elder Abuse and Neglect
KRÁLOVÁ, Iveta
This diploma thesis deals with problems of the Elder Abuse and Neglect Syndrome, that is abuse, mistreatment and neglect of senior citizens. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is further divided into nine chapters. Ageing, senescence as well as biological, mental and social changes are described in the first chapter. The next chapter is devoted to the phenomenon of ageism, its sources and manifestations of discrimination by caretakers. Domestic violence and its specifics are defined in the third chapter, where the myths of domestic violence are included as well. The fourth chapter deals extensively with the EAN syndrome. All possible sorts/types of the violence (i.e. physical, psychical, economical, sexual etc.) are described in this chapter. The following chapter is devoted to the root causes, risk factors, diagnosis and possible consequences of abuse and neglect of senior citizens. General profile of the victim/abuser, preventive measures and possible solutions of this phenomenon are described in this chapter too. General information about where to get help if needed can be found in chapter six. The last three chapters of this diploma thesis dwell on the social work with senior citizens, crisis intervention in person and crisis intervention by phone. The second part of this diploma thesis is of practical nature. The purpose of it was to find out whether selected social workers (caring professional staff) are well informed of and familiar with the EAN syndrome, whether they have direct experience with any abused elderly person, and what tools are being used when dealing with the studied phenomenon. I used the qualitative research design for the data gathering, the method of questioning and the technique of semi-controlled interview. The qualitative research was executed in the period of November 2012 to February 2013 in the form of semi-structured interview in Třebíč and in České Budějovice. The selected workers - social workers, caretakers and nurses - participated in the research conduct. The workers of selected facilities were chosen according to whether they fitted in with the elaborated framework of quota sampling. The final group was made up of 10 respondents (10 women). The respondents were between the ages of 35 to 55 years. The semi-controlled interview with selected social workers was made on the basis of predetermined questions in a fixed order. Outcomes of the interviews were processed in the form of interview analysis. After the processing of the results I found out, that all workers in selected facilities in Třebíč and in České Budějovice are not sufficiently aware of the problems of the EAN Syndrome. Furthermore, the research revealed that 8 out of 10 respondents had direct experience with mistreated, abused and neglected elderly person. Economic abuse was the most common one along with self-neglect and rude behavior from the caring staff. The last, third aim of the practical part of my diploma thesis was to find out what tools of social work are being used by workers when dealing with elderly persons suffering the EAN Syndrome. Interview was the most commonly used tool of social workers in selected facilities. The next tools are reporting the situation to the superior staff, getting in touch with experts in the field (i.e. psychologist, psychiatrist), social unions and the police. After the processing of the results I reached the conclusion. Despite the fact that selected workers face various kinds of abuse, mistreatment and neglect of elderly persons, they are insufficiently informed about the EAN Syndrome.
|
|
Cooperation with the biological family whose child is taken to the children´s home.
KŮSOVÁ, Hana
The bachelor thesis deals with the problem of cooperation of the biological parents of children who are placed in institutional care of the children's home Sazava. The theoretical part is dedicated to the foster care system with emphasis on placing a child in institutional care and upbringing as taking place under such conditions. This part is completedwith the theme of family redevelopment.The goal of my work is to approach this collaboration, its possible forms and possibilities, but also to identify the most common reason for children to be placed in institiuonal care at Sazava. To fulfill the research objectives I used case studies and document analysis
|
|
Metabolomic analysis of urine samples using ultra performance liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry
Mrvová, Andrea ; Mokrý, Milan (advisor) ; Stariat, Ján (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control Candidate: Andrea Mrvová Consultants: Prof. Seppo Auriola; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland RNDr. Milan Mokrý, CSc. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Title of Thesis: Metabolomic analysis of urine samples using ultra performance liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry Metabolomics is inquiring into the analysis of small-molecule metabolites within biologic system. This branch promises great progress not only as a diagnostic tool for disease. As suitable objects for the analysis are bio-fluids (e.g. urine, serum, saliva) and as common analytical techniques that are employed for the metabolomic analysis are NMR, GC/MS and LC/MS. Metabolomic analysis provides a great number of data and it is a problematic task to go through it. There is an effort to design system of effective identification. The aim of this work is to find optimal conditions for metabolomic analysis and to test reliability of computer-assisted workflow for the detection and identification of compounds. This should be as the first...
|
|
Identification and elimination of the risk that can endanger nurses during their professional performance
CHARVÁTOVÁ, Lenka
Theoretical background Employment in the health service brings about a number of risks that are specific of respective health facilities and their departments. Nurses should be informed about all possible risks resulting from their nursing practice, as well as about ways to eliminate these risks because this is the only way they can protect themselves and by suitable means and procedures. Performing their work, nurses are exposed to four main areas of risk factors. These concern especially the effects of mental and physical strain, chemicals and biological factors. Objective of my thesis The objective was to test nurses' knowledge of risks and to test how well they can eliminate these risks. Apart from that, the thesis endeavours to find out whether the risks in nurses' work change in relation to the field of care provided. Hypotheses H1 Nurses know the risks resulting from their nursing practice. H2 Risks in nurses' work vary in relation to the field of care. H3 The most common risk occurring in nurses' occupation is the puncture wound caused by a needle. H 4 Nurses are acquainted with manners to eliminate risks resulting from the performance of their occupation. Methodology To test nurses' knowledge, I compiled a questionnaire focused on surveying the knowledge in the field of risks and elimination of these risks. The questionnaire was arranged in two basic groups. The first group was focused on the knowledge of risks and occurring injury in the performance of the occupation (the puncture wound by a needle). The other group was focused on the area of eliminating the risks. The research was carried out in medical facilities in the Region of South Bohemia. Altogether, 417 nurses were addressed. The following sections were chosen in a haphazard fashion: pulmonary, surgical, internal and a neurological departments, department of subsequent care and the intensive care unit. All the results obtained were statistically processed in the Excel programme from the Microsoft Office software packet. I used a graphic depiction to interpret the outcomes. Outcomes It was found out in the first area of the outcomes that nurses are acquainted with the risks of their occupation (knowledge of risk behaviour, when handling loads, when working with chemicals, when handling oxygen cylinders, treating an aggressive client). The second area of the outcomes was essential for establishing the ways to eliminate risks (the nurses proved knowledge of risks and duties, the duty to participate in creating a safe environment , compulsory preventive medical examinations, knowledge of risk behaviour, using personal protective equipment, observing the work principles and procedures, knowledge of treating contaminated laundry, oxygen cylinders and immobile clients, disinfection of hands, treating an aggressive client). The third area yielded an answer to the question whether puncture wounds caused by needles ranked among the most frequent risks in the occupation of the nurse. The last area was essential to establish the variability of risks depending on the field of care provided. It was found out, that risks varied in relation to the field of care provided, while the nurses viewed the mental and physical strain as the most significant risk in the performance of their work. H1 - Nurses know the risks resulting from their nursing practice - was confirmed, H2 - Risks in nurses' work vary in relation to the field of care provided - was confirmed, H3 - The most common risk occurring in nurses' occupation is the puncture wound by a needle - was confirmed, H4 - Nurses know ways to eliminate risks resulting from the performance of their occupation - was confirmed. Conclusion The outcomes of the research realized will be given to the managements of the above medical facilities, with the aim of increasing the nurses' knowledge of possible risks occurring in the performance of their work, as well as possible ways of eliminating these risks.
|
guest ::
