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Functional analysis of novel F\dindex{1}-ATPase subunit in \kur{Trypanosoma brucei}
VÁCHOVÁ, Hana
Although F1-ATPase is extremely conserved among organisms, a putative subunit p18 was identified in Trypanosoma brucei F1-ATPase complex. To explore its function in the procylic, bloodstream and dyskinetoplastic trypanosomes, three different RNAi cell lines were created. Upon p18 silencing the F1-moiety structural integrity was impaired suggesting that p18 is indeed a bona fide subunit of this complex. Since F1-ATPase is crucial for the bloodstream form survival, its potential inhibitor from the 4-oxopiperidine-3,5-dicarboxylates class (JK-11) was examined. JK-11 inhibited growth of the bloodstream trypanosomes, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced ATPase and ATP synthase activity in mitochondrial lysates. Our results suggest that JK-11 may act on FoF1-ATP synthase/ATPase and its inhibition may contribute to the cytotoxicity of this drug.
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Nootropics
Malík, Matěj ; Orsák, Matyáš (advisor) ; Hnilička, František (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the group of substances called nootropics, otherwise known as smart drugs. Nootropics are composed of a diverse group of medicinal substances, which, with their effect, enhance the abilities of human thinking, learning and memorising, especially in cases where these functions are in disorder. In essence and a certain sence, nootropics affect the metabolism of neuronal cells of the CNS. These smart drugs intensify the supply of glucose and oxygen into the brain, increase the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids in neurons, and enhance the metabolism of phospholipids in neurohormonal membranes. Generally, the desired effect, however, arrives after a longer period of use.
In addition, this work describes the indication of these substances, possible treatments, and their use. Nootropics are divided into four groups: classic nootropic substances, substances increasing brain metabolism, cholinergics and plants with nootropic effect. For each of these groups, the best known members are described more in detail. For the last mentioned group, namely the group of plants with nootropic effect, their collection and processing of herbal drugs is described. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on suitable methods of assessment, mainly the so-called high-performance liquid chromatography technique, known under the abbreviation HPLC. Also mentioned are the legislative measures regarding these substances, such as Act No. 378/2007 Coll. on pharmaceuticals and amendments to some related laws, Decree No. 63/2007 Coll. on payments of pharmaceuticals and foods for special medical purposes, Decree No. 385/2007 Coll. on the establishment of the list of medical substances intended for supporting or additional treatment, and Decree No. 225/2008 Coll. which establishes the requirements for food supplements and food enrichment.
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Role makrofágů v obranném systému mléčné žlázy skotu
Hartmannová, Kristýna
This bachelor's thesis discusses natural immunity of the mammary glands and the macrophages acting within. The dissertation first describes the process, which macrophages evolve from haematopoietic cell through blood monocyt to mature macrophage and their activation. Briefly describes different types of macrophages and their paths to tissues. Next part of the bachelor's thesis discusses macrophages of the mammary gland themselves. First is described their structure, ultrastructure and death, then their own role in the mammary gland. Important roles of the macrophages of the mammary gland of cattle are phagocytosis, resolution of inflammation and the production of cytokines.
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The Students themselves - Student Center Poříčí
Matulová, Lucie ; Pospíšil, Zdeněk (referee) ; Boháč, Ivo (advisor)
Because of the difficult plot of the corner near the church of the Brothers of Charity and the neighborhood almost functionalist hotel Austerlitz I considered as a basis of my idea to emphasize the corner by the main entrance. There is a mass of the building divided into 3 parts - the first floor respects the street line, the second floor is a overhanging and representative (most acts for passing people), the next four floors are receding again. The living function of these floors is emphasized by overhanging balconies. The dominant part is just the corner - two glass blocks above themselves point at high areas that are located in this part of the building (a wall climbing over 3 floors, a gallery with vegetation over 2 floors). In the first floor there is located a restaurant and canteen facilities, in the second floor except the other canteen appears also sport function – a hall for aerobics, table tennis hall and the mentioned area of the gym with climbing wall. The upper four floors serve residential function - students are accomodated in cells with 2, 3 or 4 beds. Parking is solved as a two-storey underground parking with regard to the structural system that is created by concrete skeleton with the transverse frames.
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Alarm device with message transmission via cell phone
Letocha, René ; Kovář, Jan (referee) ; Kolka, Zdeněk (advisor)
The topic of my thesis is a kind of safety equipment that is capable of on the basis of evaluated subject to warn or inform a user preset via mobile phone. The system can not only warn users before nezvaným guest, and thus act as GSM alarm, but can also inform users when a fire or flooding the building with water. The whole system has been designed to cover the needs of the award of the project and also the needs of end users, who wished not only reliability, but also simple and friendly user interface.
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The study of extracellular enzymes produced by different species of yeast
Vršanská, Martina ; Ing.Jana Molnárová, Ph.D. (referee) ; Voběrková, Stanislava (advisor)
The thesis deals with the study of the different yeast strains from the point of view of extracellular lipolytic enzyme production. First part of this work consisting of appropriate yeasts was developed within study interships in Slovak Academy of Sciences, department of Glycomics in Bratislava. From ten given strains three yeasts such as Pseudozyma fusiformata, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Yarrowia lipolytica were chosen, these strains showed the highest lipolytic activity and cell growth on basal medium with Tween 80. These yeasts were used for optimization of cultivation conditions and characterization of lipolytic enzymes. The yeasts were cultivated on media with different carbon sources, which appeared to be a most suitable medium the basal medium with Tween. Tween acted as and inducer of lipase production. The substrate specificity was determined using three p-nitrophenylester substrates with varying sizes of the fatty acid site chains. The results showed that tested lipases are probably triacylglycerol-acyl-hydrolases which has the highest activity towards in the water insoluble substrates with medium long chains. The pH optimum and temperature optimum were measured. The results showed that the tested lipases had the highest activity in neutral and mild acid region around 30°C. By measuring of thermal stability has been demonstrated that extracellular lipases are relatively thermostable enzymes. Afterwards the storage stability was measured for 5 weeks when supernatant was kept in fridge at 4°C and in freezing box at -20°C. The results showed that in both cases tested lipases exhibited high storage stability which allows to store the samples without loss of activity for a longer time. Finally, the results of lipolytic and proteolytic activity, cell growth and pH of the medium of yeast Y. lipolytica were compared between the batch cultivation in L-tubes with the continual cultivation in the bioreactor. The highest lipases production was achieved in bioreactor due to the setting conditions of the continual proces to regulate the production and enzymatic stability.
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Immunomodulatory effects of macrolide antibiotics
Zemánková, Jana ; Stříž, Ilja (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee)
Macrolide antibiotics are well known not only for their antibacterial properties, but also for their recently discovered anti-inflammatory properties. They are able to significantly suppress destructive and in many cases life-threatening inflammation, an effect which is desired especially in chronic inflammatory diseases. The principle which their act is the modulation of the various components of the immune system. These effects are called "immunomodulatory" and can also include the effect on epithelial cells and their secretory activity, as well as the effect on pathogens which can colonize the airways and contibute to pathogenesis and the emergence of the chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases. This thesis summarizes the most important known mechanisms, by which macrolide antibiotics exert these immunomodulatory effects, and also notes examples of diseases whose treatment is the most clinically significant. Macrolide antibiotics posessing these uniqe anti-inflammatory properties are well tolerated and severe side-effects are rare. However, the most serious risk is the emergence of resistance and that is the main reason why this treatment can not be recommended without reservation. It is up to each doctor to consider the risks and benefits of the treatment in each individual patient.
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2,4-Disubstituted quinazolines as potential ligands for CAR receptors
Drechslerová, Marcela ; Špulák, Marcel (advisor) ; Kuneš, Jiří (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Candidate: Marcela Drechslerová Consultant: PharmDr. Marcel Špulák, PhD. Title of Thesis: 2,4-Disubstitued quinazolines as potential ligands for CAR receptors CAR (constitutive adrostane receptor) is a nuclear receptor that has an impact on cell metabolism. It is a negative regulator of lipid metabolism (via liponeogenesis inhibition), β-oxidation of fatty acid, and gluconeogenesis. This receptor also plays an important role in metabolism of exogenous and endogenous toxins. After revealing the fact that 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)quinazoline-4-ol may act as a ligand for CAR we focused on a synthesis of a small library of its derivatives. The synthesis of desired quinazoline was carried out in three steps with very good overall yield. The first group of 4-alkyloxy-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)quinazolines was prepared by simple alkylation reactions with alkylhalogenides. The second group of (4-alkylsulfanyl-2- -(3-methoxyphenyl)quinazolines) was synthesized by reaction with phosphorus pentasulfide followed by reaction with methyl iodide. The most recent group of derivatives, (4-alkylamino-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)quinazolines), was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of 4-fluorobenzenesulfonated...
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Fumarate hydratase as tumor suppressor
Kedrová, Kateřina ; Hansíková, Hana (advisor) ; Befekadu, Asfaw (referee)
1 Abstract Fumarate hydratase (fumarase, EC 4.2.1.2) catalyzes the reverse hydration of fumarate to S malate. In mammalian cells, it changes fumarate in the mitochondrial matrix as a part of the citric acid cycle and in the cytosol, where functions to metabolize fumarate the product of the degradation of some amino acids, of ammonia transformation to urea acid or of the purine nucleotide synthesis. . In human cells, fumarase is encoded by FH gene localized on chromosome 1 (1q42.1). The FH gene consists of 10 exons and encodes for a 510 amino acids-long protein including the N-terminal mitochondrial signal sequence. Germline heterozygous FH mutations were found in two autosomal dominant syndromes. These are multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis (MCUL1 or MCL) and hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC). In the most of tumors from these patients, loss of FH gene heterozygosity was also found. It has been suggested that fumarase acts as a tumor suppressor according to Knudson's two-hit hypothesis. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to study the activity and amounts of fumarase in a series of 22 samples of uterine leiomyomas from 22 young women patients (21-31 years) with sporadic uterine leiomyomas. As a control sample, uterine leiomyoma from a 38-year-old patient was used. Activity of...
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NK cells as a corner stone of natural immunity
Melichová, Jana ; Průcha, Miroslav (advisor) ; Čáp, Petr (referee)
Natural killer cells are a subpopulation of T lymphocytes that represents the basal part of cell-mediated immunity. Their main function is to defend the organism against viruses, cancerous cells, microbial- and parasite agents. They act via mediators they produce to influence the other components of innate and adaptive immunity. In the experimental part I deal with the evaluation of changes of NK cells in patients with sepsis. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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