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Influence of sample geometry (size) effect on fracture toughness characteristics of brittle materials
Chlup, Zdeněk ; Dlouhý, Ivo
Influence of sample geometry (size) on fracture toughness characteristics of brittle materials. The fracture toughness is an important characteristic for structures design even more when inherently brittle material is used. Ceramics materials are those ones where knowledge of exact fracture resistance is crucial and frequently lack of this knowledge can disqualify such material for application in a given component. Over last few years a big effort was paid in investigation in this field. Recently a standardized methodology for fracture toughness evaluation was introduced. However there are many restrictions, mostly in geometrical requirements, and often it is difficult to reach them especially when new material is developed. Data obtained from different geometries of specimen and/or loading conditions time to time it is necessary to compare. The paper attempts to reveal questionable points when data from various sources are compared.
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Environmental Impact Assessment
Hlavničková, Nina ; Sobotka, Michal (referee) ; Franková, Martina (advisor)
Resumé Environmental Impact Assessment The theme of this thesis is the process of Environmental impact assessment also known as the EIA process. This topic is very extensive therefore this thesis is not aimed to a comprehensive analysis of the topic. This thesis is focused only on the essential issues and specially selected topics and other related matters are mentioned only marginally. The author of this thesis deals with so-called "Project EIA" or EIA in the strict sense, the so-called strategic EIA or SEA is analyzed only if necessary to the context of the project EIA. The thesis is composed of four chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of the theme. Introductory chapter of this thesis defines the basic terminology of EIA process. This chapter also discusses the role of EIA in the environmental law, briefly describes the historical development of the EIA process and the fundamental principles which govern the EIA process. In the second chapter the author deals with the sources of legislation of the EIA process at the level of International law, European Union law and the law of the Czech Republic. The third chapter of this thesis considers the author as a key chapter of this thesis. In this chapter the author attempts to describe the main discrepancies of the Czech legislation with the...
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The ways how to lead a delivery and care during puerperium in relation to prevention of postpartum incontinence
Křížová, Michaela ; Popelka, Jiří (advisor)
Urinary incontinence is defined as the involuntary loss of urine that is objectively demonstrable. It is an increasingly prevalent problem as the ageing population expands. It is a severe social and hygienic problem. In the end of the 20th century, the specialists have started addict to questions if pregnancy and labour are related to increase incidence of urinary incontinence. There are no signifiant studies which can evidently confirm consequences of pregnancy and labour to rise of urinary incontinence. One of the mechanizm how to prepare body for labour, during pregnancy, is increasing of an elastic component part of pelvic floor. Unfortunately exactly the same mechanizm support occurance of urinary incontinence. Very important condition which is participant in incidence of postpartum incontinence is vaginal delivery. So we can see an increasing interest in describing mechanizm of traumatism pelvic floor during labour and interest in finding the ways of the optimal managment of labour to reduce harm effect on pelvic floor. Studies reveals that the more incidence of inzult of pelvic floor and anal sfincter is occured after an instrumental labour. Episiotomy is one of the most provided labours operations. The opinions to episiotomy are not uniform. Some studies reveals decreasing of third degree ruptured...
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Community trade mark and obstacles to its registration
Kačírek, Michal ; Pítra, Vladimír (referee) ; Růžička, Michal (advisor)
Resumé Community Trade Mark and Impediments to Registration Trademarks take important and still more preferred part of entrepreneur legal protection portfolio. The effects of European integration are partially visible in corresponding approximation of national trademark law of member states. The remaining barriers of cross- border undertakings in whole European Union were substantially mitigated by this new legal instrument, which grants its proprietor an exclusive right to prevent unauthorized use of the mark in trade without his consent. This diploma thesis deals with possible impediments to registration of Community trade mark. For an entrepreneur, it is crucial to know whether he may reasonably expect, that his trademark application will remain unchallenged. Therefore, the question must be raised on whether the mark is registrable as such. Since this is not the only nor the most frequent issue, the focus is made on the conflict with earlier rights as well. The systematization of this work is, to a certain extent, based on observation of respective parts of Council Regulation (EC) No. 207/2009 of 26 February 2009, dealing with absolute and relative grounds for refusal of a Community trade mark. The text also contains reference on important findings and decisions of Office for Harmonization in the...
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Study of mitochondrial ultrastructure and functions in selected mitochondrial and lysosomal storage disorders
Kostková, Olga ; Hansíková, Hana (advisor) ; Šmíd, František (referee) ; Hyánek, Josef (referee)
This thesis has been worked out in The laboratory for study of mitochondrial disorders (Departement of Pediatrics, 1st Faculty of Medcine, Chales university in Prague) and in cooperation with The Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders. Mitochondrial disorders represent a heterogeneous group of diseases with the onset at any age from neonatal period till adulthood, mostly presented with very severe clinical courses of disease. The mammalian organism is fully dependent on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system as on the major energy producer of the cell. Therefore the mitochondrial disorders affect mainly high energy demanded tissues such as brain, heart or muscle. Simillar phenotype is observed in many lysosomal storage disorders. Despite of expanding knowledge of molecular basis of mitochondrial and lysosomal disorders, it may be still difficult to explain the exact pathogenesis of disease as well as the prognosis for patients and their families. Mitochondrial functions affect more than just energy production; they contribute in initiation of apoptosis, in cellular calcium homeostasis, and in production of reactive oxygene species. Disturbed mitochondria become a goal of autophagy mediated by the lysosomal compartement. The results of our study enable: 1. better understanding of the tissue...
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Contributions to the live and work of German-Bohemian artist Karl Krattner(1862-1926)
Petráňová, Tereza ; Vlnas, Vít (advisor) ; Sekyrka, Tomáš (referee)
My work is mostly considering profesor Karl Krattner, who was one of the most brisk figures of the czech-german culture life at the end of 19. and the beginnig of 20. century. As a profesor at the Academy of arts he significanty contributed to the culture events in Prague and also became an important representative ofthe monumental religious painters. Profesor Krattner was a member of many art clubs such as Moderní galerie, certainly the most important one, Metznerbund, Club of the german artists in Bohemia and many others. There were many art clubs existing in Bohemia and Prague in that time and I focus on them in one of the chapters and the last chapter describes the situaton in the north of Bohemia where The Metznerbund became an important art club. The whole work is written as a historical excursion into the cultural world of the end of 19. and the beginning of 20. century.
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Legal regulation of beekeeping
Kadlec, Jiří ; Franková, Martina (referee) ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor)
67 Legal regulation of beekeeping No bees, no plants. Beekeeping is a nessesity, which warrants quantity and quality of agricultural production, that is why this section regulated by law. There is no special apicultural act in Czech republic. Legal regulation of beekeeping is divided into a few branches. Provisions, which are related to beekeeping are involved in Civil Code, Veterinary Act, Plant medicine Act, Foodstuff Act and so on. Most of provisions are involved in implementing regulations. Civil Code No. 40/1964 is concerned with statutory questions of a civil law, as a proprietary law, neighbour's rights and damages with beekeeping. Most frequent problems which the Civil Code deals with, are disputes between two neighbours, when the first one, who is afraid of bees asserts, that the other neighbour's beekeeping interferes with his owner's freedom, because he can't use his property. He may for example be allergic to bee stings. Civil jurisdiction answer the question what is a bee bothering and when is it adequate or unadequate. There are a few crimes possibly concerned with beekeeping, grounded in Criminal Code No. 140/1961. It might be felony theft, destroying another's property, and environmental leopardy. Plant medicine Act No. 326/2004 is that one, which protects the bees and other untarget...
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Flat tax
Spišský, Jakub ; Marková, Hana (advisor) ; Boháč, Radim (referee)
RESUMÉ Application of flat tax in the Slovak Republic causes better allocation of income to state budget and reduces rate of repartitionings of income in the society. Moreover, from a long-time aspect, it stimulates economic growth and creation of investments. From an individual's and companies' point of view, the flat tax eliminates progressive taxation, which up to now affected mainly those who enjoyed success - those with higher income in the society. On the other hand, the flat tax implementation requires that the more successful companies or individuals pay less and the less successful ones pay more than they would under the progressive tax system, for the state to raise the same amount of money. Implementation of the flat tax instead of the progressive taxationis an important step in the right direction, but deffinitely not the final station. There is still a lot of discussion going on about the fairness of this form of taxation. It is not entirely true that everyone who works and earns income deduct from their income 19%. The reason for this is the system of exemptions - nondeductable minimum and the tax bonus for a child, which makes it possible to reach a negative tax. The higher the nondeductable minimum, the higher the taxation differences. Flat rate significantly decreased progressivity in the...
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The Granada kingdom and its cultural aspects
Töžérová, Denisa ; Binková, Simona (advisor) ; Opatrný, Josef (referee)
At the beginning of the 8th century the Iberian Peninsula found itself under Muslims' supremacy. The Muslim conquerors overtook most of the territory and shortly after, they built up their own caliphate Al-Andalus. The internal conflicts and economical problems of the caliphate caused its decay and subsequent severance to independent manors. These were gradually transformed by the Christian reconquista. The Kingdom of Granada was the only one still resisting at the beginning of the 13th century. The Kingdom of Granada kept its independence and unity nearly for two hundred years. This kingdom was formed in 1238 by Muḥammad Ibn Naṣr, who proclaimed city of Granada as the capital center of the monarch's power. Monarchs of the Kingdom of Granada were protected by theirs allies kingdoms, Castile and Aragon; but at the same time were trying to find support in their befriended kingdoms from the north Africa with which they had more in common. The habitants of Granada formed heterogeneous society with complicated relationships. Different religious groups contributed to the multilingualism of the population. The decreased activity of the Christian reconquista during the second part of 14th century enabled the Kingdom of Granada to enter the period of its golden age. In this time Granada became an important cultural...
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