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The Specifics of Nursing Care of Anaemic Clients
ROKŮSKOVÁ, Pavla
The topic of this bachelor thesis is ``The Specifics of Nursing Care of Anaemic Clients{\crq}q. Anaemia is one of the most common diseases associated with haemopoiesis. It is mostly revealed as a secondary finding accompanying other diseases. Since the occurrence of this disease is rather common, the probability of providing care to an anaemic patient is large. The research part of this bachelor thesis is processed by means of qualitative research methods. The objective of the thesis was to ascertain the specifics of nursing care of anaemic patients and their unsatisfied needs as identified by them. The data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews. The interviewed persons were the nurses working in the hematologic outpatient ward and the internal ward and the anaemic clients attending the hematologic outpatient ward. The questions asked in the semi-structured interviews are based in particular on technical literature and on the conceptual nursing model of M. Gordon. The research results are processed in case reports, categorization tables and basic charts. The categorization tables contain the most interesting data obtained from the conducted interviews. The main results of the research include the ascertained specifics of nursing care in the area of blood taking, changes in the food composition and the movement regime, and application of transfusions and medication. The other results of the research include ascertainment of unsatisfied needs of anaemic clients. The unsatisfied needs of the clients are reported in particular in the area of physiological needs where the greatest troubles are caused by prevalent tiredness accompanying this disease. On the basis of the research results a hypothesis for further research has been proposed. This thesis is intended especially for the professional nursing community. The results of the research draw attention to the needs felt by the clients and to the specifics of nursing care provided to these clients. The benefit of the thesis consists in the opportunity to utilize the obtained findings for study purposes and in provision of nursing care to anaemic clients.
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Crude Oil World Market - Current Trends and Prices Development
Talian, Peter ; Vošta, Milan (advisor) ; Neumann, Pavel (referee)
The crude oil phenomenon has always been a big issue and the current situation does not prove different. Crude oil as a commodity is indisputably considered as one of the most utilized energy source as well as production input which enters into economic processes in the vast majority of countries over the world. The aim of this masters thesis is to provide a detailed description and analysis of the crude oil world market. Furthermore it not only gives a characteristics of the commodity and its energy use it also defines the market and its participants crude oil pricing crude oil trading and it also provides an analysis of the world oil demand as well as supply.The purpose of this masters thesis is among other to thoroughly analyze the crude oil prices development and introduce the contemporary trends present on the market. In the latter part of this thesis there will be a crude oil prices time series modelled and probable future price direction outlined. Moreover the thesis will reflect on the current oil prices drop with its possible effect on world economy.
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Aplikace bayesovských sítích ve hře Minesweepe
Vomlelová, M. ; Vomlel, Jiří
We use the computer game of Minesweeper to illustrate few modeling tricks utilized when applying Bayesian network (BN) models in real applications. Among others, we apply rank-one decomposition (ROD) toconditional probability tables (CPTs) representing addition. Typically, this transformation helps to reduce the computational complexity of probabilistic inference with the BN model. However, in this paper we will see that (except for the total sum node) when ROD is applied to the whole CPT it does not bring any savings for the BN model of Minesweeper. Actually, in order to gain from ROD we need minimal rank-one decompositions of CPTs when the state of the dependent variable is observed. But this is not known and it is a topic for our future research.
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Connection between the solubility and the mutagenicity of nitrobenzanthrones in water and organic solvents
Řeboun, Martin ; Martínek, Václav (advisor) ; Hudeček, Jiří (referee)
2-Nitrobenzanthron (2-NBA) and 3-nitrobenzanthron (3-NBA) are pollutants widely occurring in the environment. The main sources of benzanthrones are combustion products (i.e. diesel exhausts, wood and cigarette smoke ...). 3-NBA is proven mutagen and carcinogen for bacteria and mammals and it is probably mutagenic also to humans. Nitronbezanthrones can form covalent adducts with purine bases in DNA after their metabolic activation. Genotoxic properties of 2-NBA are lover by 3-4 orders of magnitudes in comparison to 2-NBA, large difference in the solubility, and therefore also the difference in their bioavailability, of these isomers can be among the factors explaining this phenomenon. One of our goals was to determine the solubility of 3-NBA and 2-NBA in water and in methanol. The second objective was to determine the extinction coefficients for their solutions in water and methanol. Two different methods were employed to determine the solubility of 3-NBA and 2-NBA. The first method was based on stepwise adding of the stock solution of 3-/2-NBA in dimethylsulfoxide to excessive volume of water and simultaneous spectrophotometric verification of the Lambert-Beer law. Additional experiments confirmed the solubility of 3-/2- NBA utilizing spectrophotometric determination of 3-/2-NBA concentration in...
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Metabolism of uric acid during mammalian evolution
Mančíková, Andrea ; Krylov, Vladimír (advisor) ; Stibůrková, Blanka (referee)
Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism of humans and some higher primates. In other mammals enzyme urate oxidase is capable to further convert uric acid to allantoin. During evolution of primates several mutations in urate oxidase gene had occured, led the enzyme to decrease its activity or to complete loss of function. What was the initial impetus for the utilization of uric acid and what biochemical traits of uric acid led to a tendency to retain a major of this metabolite production in the bloodstream? Uric acid has antioxidant capabilities and it is scavanger of free radicals. Increased levels of uric acid in blood has an effect on acute and chronic elevations of blood pressure. It is possible that hyperuricemia helped to maintain blood pressure under low-salt dietary conditions of primates during the Miocene. This mechanism probably have allowed to stabilize bipedalism our ancestors. Uric acid has an important role as a neuroprotector. As inhibitor the permeability blood-brain barrier, uric acid limits the infiltration of undesirable substances to the neurons and prevents central nervous system against the formation of inflammatory diseases. Such as neurodegenerative diseases may be caused by reduced serum uric acid levels. Uric acid protects against peroxinitrite damage tissues in the...
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Ancient-DNA analysis of teeth and skeletal remains with utilization of miniSTR loci.
Kvítková, Dana ; Brouček, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Dobisíková, Miluše (referee)
During the last twenty years, immense progress occurred in the area of analysis of DNA extracted from historical material. Considering the common level of preservation of tissue material, this analysis is usually executed on samples procured from bones and teeth. The analysis of soft mummified tissue is possible only in rare cases. Limiting factor of these analyses is a high degree of degradation and small amount of DNA extractable from this kind of material. First researches concentrated only on short sections of mainly mitochondrial DNA. Today, the analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of both contemporary and extinct organisms was made possible. In case of analyses conducted on human remains, sections of nuclear DNA are far more valuable, because they can reveal information including not only subject's sex, but also possible kinship between subjects found e.g. in the same grave. Fundamental component of the whole analysis is the process of extracting DNA from cells. Probably every laboratory working with historical DNA uses a differently modified extract protocol. The main requirement for methods of extraction is to secure enough DNA with such a level of purity that would allow its use for following steps of the analysis. Taking in consideration high fragmentation of DNA, it is necessary...
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Could fur characters be a source of phylogenetic information?
VOLDŘICHOVÁ, Marie
This work analysed phylogenetic utility of several characters associated with basic coloration, moulting and whorls in Cervidae via comparison of these traits with relatively robust phylogeny of this group based on several morphological, ethological and molecular data. I was able to detect probable evolutionary history of some selected traits, their ancestral state and synapomorphies of recognized clades.
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PDA utilization
MÍKA, Roman
The focus of this thesis is concerns of "pocket computers" and thein use. Although pocket computers have become a standard and an Essentials part of daily life for many, many questions remain. Nearly everybody can probably imagine what they look like, however many are not sure as to how to use them and in what situations. This is exactly why I have chosen this topic for my thesis. Address the history and also description of pocket computers in the first chapter of my work. Additionally, I describe individual parts and their function in the second chapter and I discuss the "software" and related functions and use in the third. Furthermore,I have dedicated the fourth chapter to personal global positioning systems (GPS). Garmin products, including the use and functions of used software. In the last chapter I discuss specific examples of use of "pocket computers" in daily life as well as target populations using and benefiting from use of "pocket computers".
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Text segmentation
Češka, Pavel ; Pecina, Pavel (advisor) ; Podveský, Petr (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on basic pre-processing (tokenization and segmentation) of Czech texts, mainly for purposes of Czech internet corpus. The texts for this corpus will be automatically obtained from the world wide web, therefore the segmentation is preceeded by character encoding recognition, cleaning and language identification. We performed experiments with two methods of language identification and present their results. The first method is based on comparison of the most frequent n-grams (substrings of length n) extracted from an unknown document and a large Czech corpus. The second one employs a model estimating word probabilities by conditional probabilities of trigrams estimated on the same corpus. For wider usage, we developed a module for tokenization and identification of sentences boundaries by a decision tree analysis of the nearest context of potential sentence boundaries and utilizing extensive lists of Czech abbreviations. The decision tree was trained on a set of manually processed data. Its evaluation was based on independent human judgements and results are presented in the work.
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What is the impact of unemployment on the political preferences?
Kufnerová, Eva ; Lahvička, Jiří (advisor) ; Brožová, Dagmar (referee)
This thesis analyzes the impact of unemployment on the political preferences of citizens of the Czech Republic. It utilizes individual data from the international ISSP research for years 1994-2010. The hypothesis saying that unemployed people prefer left-wing parties to right-wing parties has been confirmed using the probit method. The probability of left-wing preference in case of entrepreneur is 14.1 percentage points higher than for unemployed person. This probability for economically inactive person is 4 percentage points lower. The assumption stating that positive influence on left-wing preference is stronger for involuntarily unemployed individual has been confirmed by the additional models. Voluntarily unemployed subjects prefer left-wing parties with probability 16.1 percentage points lower than involuntarily unemployed individuals. A positive influence of age on preferences of left-wing parties and positive influence of religion on preferences of center parties have been confirmed. On the other hand, preferences of right-wing parties grow with higher social class or with increasing municipality size.
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