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Influence of term of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus) desiccation on yield and seed quality
Rajtmajer, Stanislav ; Bečka, David (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
Rapeseed is the world's third most important oil plant (the second seminal). It is the most cultivation and most important oil plant in Czech Republic. Winter rapeseed reaches about 85% of the harvest area of oilseeds in the country. The desiccation of oilseed crop is sphere of agricultural engineering, which is still worth discussing. The main problems are how to use the product, what dose and which dates to choose to desiccate. The results of this thesis could help to partially clarify this complex issue.
The aim of the thesis is to observe the effect of different terms oilseed rape desiccation by glyphosate on yield and seed quality.
Small-plot experiments to investigate the influence of the term desiccation of winter rapeseed were established in the years 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 on the lands of the experimental station of the Czech Agricultural University, Faculty of Agronomy Food and Natural Resources at the Červený Újezd.
In the first experimental year 2013/2014 was founded five variants in three replications (including undesiccated control). In the year 2014/2015 was founded seven variants in four replicates (including undesiccated controls). In the first experimental year was the first term desiccation 16. 6. 2014, the second year 8. 6. 2015. Subsequent periods of desiccation were a week apart.
The variety of winter rapeseed used for the experiments was a hybrid variety Rohan. The desiccating agent was used Dominator active substance glyphosate. The dose of
4 l / ha + 200 l H2O.
For all samples, both experimental, years yield was determined, the weight of a thousand seeds and oiliness. For desiccated variants were carried out pre-harvest analysis for the determination of solids in pods. Further, all harvested samples taken for laboratory germination test (Determination of germination) ISTA according to the methodology. The results of the experiment sprouting were statistically analyzed using ANOVA analysis of variance. Differences between mean values were evaluated by Tukey test, the computer program SAS at a significance level of p = 0.05.
Effect of desiccation term influences of winter oilseed rape seed quality in terms of weight and thousands of seeds in terms of oil content. Too early desiccation (46 to 39 days before harvest) HTS reduced by 7-17% and the oil content of 2-4% of the overall average. Oiliness of the observed characters minimum interference term desiccation. Desiccation in the optimum date (17 days before harvest) increased oiliness of 1-6%.
Influence term desiccation oilseed rape also greatly influences seed yield.
Too early desiccation (46 to 39 days before harvest) reduced the yield by 11-14%. Undesiccated control in both years achieved the highest yields, increase yield by 5-12%. Desiccation in the optimum date (17 days before harvest) increased the yield of attempts by 5-6%.
The term desiccation of winter rapeseed, also significantly affects the vitality of seeds, where very reduces energy germinating seedlings in the first days. The term desiccation, however, does not affect overall seed germination. Too early desiccation (46 to 39 days before harvest) EK2 decreased by 12-40%, EK3 decreased by 4-24%, 3-4% EK4 and extended MGT of 7-15%. In the first experimental year was the most vital option undesiccated control (EK2 = 50.4% = 91.3% EK3, EK4 = 97.9%). In the second experimental year was the most vital seeds of the optimal term desiccation, (Sixth term, 17 days before harvest) = 68.9% EK2, EK3 = 98.2%, EK4 = 100%. Seed samples of 2014/15 had a higher overall vitality of seeds, than samples from 2013/14, the overall vitality is probably worse given year old and transsilaged seed.
The results of the two-year experiment that term desiccation affects the quality of seeds, the yield of seeds and vitality of seeds. Pre-analysis was determined optimum solids content in siliques desiccated samples to values of 40-50%. Like most technology seems to desiccation in the optimum date (17 days before harvest) and agro technology without desiccated vegetation. As the least appropriate technology seems very early desiccation (46 to 30 days before harvest).
The first scientific hypothesis: Premature desiccation reduces seed yield, oil content and HTS. Yes, the hypothesis was confirmed.
The second scientific hypothesis: Desiccation made in the correct term do not affect the quality of the seeds (oiliness and HTS). Yes, the hypothesis was confirmed.
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Influence of former landscape elements on soil properties
Matějovský, Jiří ; Zádorová, Tereza (advisor) ; Luděk, Luděk (referee)
Hedgerows are elements in landscape, creating a landscape structure and influencing soil properties. This thesis is focused on the assessment of impact of the former landscape elements on current soil properties. Study area is located in the Central Bohemian Region, in the district of Pribram. Study plot area is 33 ha and is currently managed as a single large unit without any landscape elements. Assessment of the degree of impact on soil properties was mainly focused on soil depth, stratigraphic profile and organic carbon content. Sampling was carried out perpendicularly to the four selected hedgerows. The deepest soils, as well as the largest percentage of organic carbon were observed in areas of the original occurrence of hedgerows. Places above the hedgerows did not show significantly better soil properties, while at the locations below the hedgerows were identified deeper soils and increased organic carbon content. These findings confirmed the importance of hedgerows and their ability to influence soil properties.
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Trichurids in ruminants from Czech Republic.
Antošová, Tereza ; Langrová, Iva (advisor) ; Ivana, Ivana (referee)
The goal of this paper was to determine rate of presence of whipworms of genus
Trichuris in bodies of selected ruminants (sheep, roe deer) in certain areas and to morphologically state different species of whipworms using molecular revision and professional literature on samples found during helmitological dissections of selected ruminants. Two hypotheses were stated: H1: species that are found in highest volume in case of roe deer and sheep are whipworms Trichuris discolor and Trichuris ovis H2: these whipworms can not be positively distinguished when using morphometrical methods.
Material needed for the study, i.e. the intestines of examined ruminants, was recovered in different areas of Czech Republic. Later were the intestines dissected in a laboratory using standardized procedure and hereby collected samples were analysed.
Based on selected methods it was determined that in roe deer the rate of occurence of Trichuris discolor is much higher compared to that of Trichuris ovis. With sheep the difference between rates of presence is smaller. These results confirm the first hypothesis by showing high rate of presence of whipworms in these hosts. Collected females of genus Trichurids were morphometrically differentiated by their sex and in 4 morphotypes. Following this differentiation, the most present were the females of morphotype M2, those with a vulval opening without an everted vagina. The second hypothesis was also confirmed.
Multihosting species Trichuris discolor and Trichuris ovis are prevalent in the bodies of roe deer and sheep. Thus we can say the roe deer are a potential source of whipworm contamination to sheep breeding. It can not be excluded that sheep are infected by roe deer and vice versa. Molecular determination is a necessary tool for correct assessment of whipworm species, considering the fact that morphological methods may lead to incorrect results.
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Impact of pesticides on the gut microbiota of animals
Stehlík, Michal ; Rada, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Salmonová, Hana (referee)
Pesticides are substances used to control plant and animal pest in agriculture. They are very significant and important factor in both production and revenues. Nowadays it is almost impossible for farmers to dispense without these substances but their presence in the soil does not bring only benefits. About pesticides it is generally known that they may adversely affect either on the ecosystem or the human or animal body. As the result many substances had been banned from market. Pesticides and their residues are subject to many controls and laboratory analysis in order to prevent their negative effects.
The aim of the thesis was to test the effect of pesticide (Roundup) on gut microorganisms. For the experiments we used bovine fecal samples and pure bacterial cultures isolated from various domestic animals for the testing of susceptibility to Roundup. We have determined specific growth rates of pure cultures cultivated on three different concentrations of Roundup and total counts lactobacilli, enterococci, E. coli and coliform bacteria of bovine feces cultivated on six different concentrations of Roundup
In the first experiment, no correlation has been found between the concentration of glyphosate (active substance of Roundup) and counts of bovine intestinal bacteria. The effect of glyphosate on the growth of intestinal bacteria was visible at the second attempt. At the highest concentration of glyphosate 17 g/L. Growth curves reached considerably lower levels here than at lower concentrations of glyphosate. Control samples and the samples on the concentration of glyphosate 1.7 mg/L and 0, 17mg/L increased similarly in most cases. This implies that in these concentrations there was no inhibition of bacteria whatsoever. The least susceptible genera to glyphosate were lactobacilli. The highest susceptibility to glyphosate was detected in bovine bacteria and the lowest in chicken bacteria.
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The Analysis of the impact of varieties and seed treatment on selected parameter seeds of poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)
Míča, Luděk ; Kuchtová, Perla (advisor) ; Miroslava, Miroslava (referee)
Czech Republic is one of the world's leading producers of the poppy seeds. Concerning the growing field area of poppy, the Czech Republic is lead producer of the poppy seeds at the international level (Vašák, 2010; Cihlář, 2012).
Poppy seed is very sensitive on many internal and external factors during cultivation, especially in the beginning of germination and emergence. At present, there are not registered preparations available for seed dressing for poppy seed in the Czech Republic (Prokinová, 2006). However, there has been done many experiments based on testing of natural substances (eg. humates and plant extracts), microorganisms and especially the application of soil fungi in seed treatment recently
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of selected regional varieties of poppy cultivation and seed treatment to yield parameters of poppy seed both individually and in combination,. For the thesis was essential to describe the suitability of varieties for growing in organic and integrated agriculture in relation to the efficiency of production. Evaluation of the seed quality of the varieties was carried out in the field as well as under laboratory conditions. Before sowing, seeds were treated by preparations Gliorex and TS Osivo, untreated variant has been used as a control.
During plant cultivation were monitored shape of the plants, the degree of infestation, weed control and other treatments based on natural substances. Neem-Azal was used as the pest regulator. The second variant was treated by foliar application of TS Květa.
Seeds harvested from variants of our trial were tested under laboratory conditions for comparison of differences between varieties. The tests also revealed the seed infestation and what percentage of the seed is viable. The last evaluation was carried out on the basis of the weight of thousands of seeds (HTS), which reflects the yield determined by the selected seed treatment.
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Genetic Diversity of Semi-captive Population of Western Derby Eland (Taurotragus derbianus derbianus) in Senegal and Phylogenetical Relationships between Western Derby Eland (T. d. derbianus) and Eastern Giant Eland (T. d. gigas)
Zemanová, Hana ; Lukešová, Daniela (advisor) ; Jarmila, Jarmila (referee)
Representatives of family Bovidae are subjects of many studies concerning with their phylogeny, phylogeography, time of divergence or genetic diversity. Taxonomy is solved by comparison of morphological characteristics or by genetic approaches, genetic diversity could be solved by pedigree or by genetic analyses too. Tragelaphinae number nine species of two genera, Tragelaphus sp. and Taurotragus sp. The antelopes of the genus Taurotragus (T. derbianus and T. oryx) belong to the largest antelopes of the world. Derby eland (Taurotragus derbianus) has two subspecies, Western Derby eland (T. d. derbianus) and Eastern Giant eland (T. d. gigas), which are distinguished on the basis of morphological characteristics. Western subspecies (T. d. derbianus) is classified as critically endangered. There lives the only population in Niokolo Koba National Park in Senegal, which numbers fewer than 200 individuals. For the conservation, the semi-captive breeding programme has been established in 2000. It was created by six founders (one male and five females), which are presumed to be non-related. The population within this programme had 95 living individuals in 2013, living in seven herds in Bandia and Fathala reserves in Senegal. The population is under breeding management, which efforts to minimize kinship of the individuals. Studbook was established for the Western Derby eland (T. d. derbianus) in 2008 and is published annually. It acts about small population with low number of founders and no gene flow, which is threatened by inbreeding and genetic drift. Genetic diversity of the population was evaluated by means of microsatellite markers and the results were compared with the results of pedigree analysis. Pedigree analysis showed the highest genetic diversity in the generation of founders (FOUNDERS). It decreased in the generation of founders' offspring (OFFSPRING 1; born in season 2007/2008), due to the fact, that the only male took part in the reproduction. And it increased again in the generation of offspring of founders' offspring (OFFSPRING 2; born in the season 2009/2010), because more individuals were included into the reproduction. Fifteen individuals and five polymorphic microsatellite loci (from the total number of 13 tested loci) were chosen for the genetic study. The parameters of genetic diversity (HE and HO, Ar and deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and FIS and FST) were evaluated. Not any deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found out. The results of genetic analysis confirmed the highest genetic diversity in the population of founders (Ar = 2.79; HE = 0.664; HO = 0.750; FIS = --0.154). In both generations of offspring values of allelic richness and observed and expected heterozygosity decreased (Ar = 2.15; HO = 0.580; HE = 0.586 in OFFSPRING 1 and Ar = 2.14; HO = 0.370; HE = 0.480 in OFFSPRING 2). Contrary to the results of pedigree analysis, there was not been observed any improvement in OFFSPRING 2. The resultant values of genetic diversity parameters were quite satisfactory, despite of the low number of founders and mating of related individuals.
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Effect of Drying Pretreatments on Air and Solar Drying of Jerky Prepared from Eland (Taurotragus oryx) Meat
Kučerová, Iva ; Banout, Jan (advisor) ; Oliver, Oliver (referee)
Mathematical modeling of thin-layer solar drying and organoleptic properties of eland jerky was investigated in this study. Eland jerky was compared to the traditional beef jerky, inasmuch as both were treated with traditional jerky marinade (TM), TM with fresh pine apple juice (TMP), TM with honey (TMH), TM with Coca Cola (TMCCL) and compared to an untreated control (C). The influence of the marinades on the drying process was statistically significant. Based on the coefficient of determination, the root mean square errors and the chi-squares, the Two-term model was found to be the most suitable model for describing the solar drying kinetics of eland jerky. The mean effective moisture diffusivities of solar dried eland meat for the C and selected pre-treatments TM and TMH samples were 2.07 x 10-10, 1.45 x 10-10 and 1.43 x 10-10 m2.s-1, respectively. The activation energy values for solar dried eland jerky were 23.75, 26.22 and 26.97 kJ.mol-1 for C, TM and TMH, respectively. Organoleptic properties of dried eland meat was assessed by the 22 member degustation panel. The best scored pre-treatment was TMP, which has significant effect on texture, color and taste. Effect of the different pre-treatments on the overall combined color was calculated. Generally for both meat dried in both driers TMH marinade was evaluated as the one with the highest total difference contrariwise meat dipped in TMP pre-treatment has the lowest total difference.
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The role of selected cell populations and molekules in inflammatory reaction and rejection of skin allograft
Pavlíková, Michaela ; Krulová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Čečrdlová, Eva (referee)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represent a heterogenous population of multipotent stem cells that can be isolated from various tissues of adult organism. Due to their immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, cytoprotective and differentiation capabilities, MSC hold a great promise for treatment of many inflammatory diseases and for use in regenerative medicine. We aimed to analyze the therapeutic effect of MSC in a model of skin transplantation. In our research, nanofiber scaffolds were used for application of MSC. Allogeneic skin grafts were transplanted from C57BL/6 mice to BALB/c mice and they were subsequently covered with nanofiber scaffolds prepared from poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) by the original needleless electrospun Nanospider technology. Some animals remained untreated, others were treated by specific therapies that combined usage of nanofiber scaffolds with cultivated MSC and nanofiber scaffolds with or without incorporated cyclosporin A (CsA). We used various methods, including FACS analysis, ELISA, PCR, immunohistochemistry and Griess reaction to determine effect of MSC on immune response. It has been reported that MSC home preferentially to sites of inflammation within damaged tissues and can be localised also in lymphatic organs. Six days after transplantation and local MSC application we...
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The Production and Ecological Potential of Pine Stands on Anthropogenic Soils of Post-Mining Sites
Dragoun, Lukáš ; Merganič, Ján (advisor) ; Konopka, Bohdan (referee)
Extraction of mineral resources constituted the development of industrial companies worldwide. But it has a major impact on the landscape and environment. Restoration of areas disturbed by mining is current issue especially on large surfaces after surface mining. In the Sokolov region, the forest reclamation was carried out on the Antonin spoil bank in the years 1969-1972, where forest stands of different species composition were established under the same conditions. The aim of this work is to compare the mixed pine stands on anthropogenic soils more than 40 years after their foundation, to assess their suitability for reclamation and to describe the influence of admixed deciduous trees on the production and ecological potential of the site. On the plots the basic mensurational and production quantities of the stand were measured. The dendrochronological analysis was performed and the diameter increment was detected for the main species Scots pine. Based on the diameter increment, the tolerance analysis was carried out for the highest risk factor on these sites - drought. The most appropriate in local conditions seems to be a structure of pine stands with an admixture of lime trees, which is characterized by the highest production, soil formation and ecological potential. The work also points to two important factors that significantly influenced the silviculture on the Antonin spoil bank. It is the neglect of stand tending, and thus significant disruption in stand stability, and limiting intake of water, causing significant declines in increment regardless of an admixture or character of the stands.
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Assessment of Factors Influencing Wear Resistance of Metallic Materials
Cieslar, Jiří ; Brožek, Milan (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
This thesis investigates the suitable chemical composition of a iron alloy with improved wear resistance. A unique set of alloys with a specifically designated chemical composition was manufactured for experiments. Their properties in defined abrasive conditions was studied in laboratory conditions. Wear resistance was determined on an experimental bench with bound particles. Material properties description was always complemented with information gained during material metallographic structure investigations. All the results were compared with results achieved for commercially available weld deposition materials (specifically designated for abrasion conditions). These (weld deposition) materials were subjected to an identical set of laboratory experiments and additionally to a set of experiments under inservice conditions.
This thesis offers new knowledge about the relationship between material hardness, material structure and wear resistance. The outlined results also give evidence about the correlation between results gained under laboratory conditions and those gained under in-service conditions (in relation to material structure and hardness).
At the end of the thesis the knowledge gained from these experiments is applied to a specific application the service life extension of plough blade segments. On this basis a new material is designed which will extend service life without additional demands on the costs, and the approach to the renovation of worn plough blade segments is justified.
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