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Intensification of the wastewater treatment plant in the village Krumsín
Krejsová, Věra ; Ježek, Jiří (referee) ; Hluštík, Petr (advisor)
The task of this master thesis was assessment of the possibility of intensification of biological ponds, which are used for wastewater treatment, and subsequent application of selected systems to the existing wastewater treatment plant in the village Krumsin in the district Prostejov, including economic assessment. In the first part of the master thesis, I worked up the available options for the intensification of biological ponds. In the practical part of the thesis it was prepared a report of the current state of the wastewater treatment plant that serving as a basis for the design of intensification, which is also processed in the practical part. For the proposed variants of intensification was also processed economic assessment.
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Factors affecting the nitrogen compounds removal process in specific types of wastewater
Radechovský, Josef ; Balík, Jiří (advisor)
Abstract:
This work summarizes the current knowledge about removing of nitrogen compounds from wastewater using non-traditional biological methods. They include for example process of nitritation/denitritation and a process of deammonification. Special innovative biological methods are economically advantageous because of savings of oxygen for the oxidation of N-ammon and organic substrate for the formation of N2.
Achieving of accumulation of nitrites (achieving of shortcut nitrification) due to suppression of nitrite oxidising bacteria (NOB) is the basis of methods mentioned above. Stable shortcut nitrification is influenced by many factors and achieving of this process in a low-strength wastewater is still problematic, so some new procedures how to optimize it are investigated. This was also the main aim of research that was realized at the Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition of the Czech university of Life Sciences in Prague.
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The importance of legumes in the human diet
Střelková, Tereza ; Hejtmánková, Alena (advisor) ; Martina, Martina (referee)
Legumes are part of human diet since Early Years and they have important role. In Czech Republic the most commonly consumed legumes are beans, peas and lens and in recent years even cicer (commonly chickenpea) and soya. Yearly consumption of legumes in human diet in Czech Republic is about 2,5 kg per person, which is less than in other countries but the consumption is slightly increasing.
Being very good source of protein, legumes as source of non-complete protein should be combined with other sources of protein preferably those based on cereal. Legumes are also source of carbohydrates, from which big part is favourable mix of starch and fiber. Present minerals are e.g. calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and zinc. From vitamins mostly B complex can be found.
Legumes, especially soya, also contain phytoestrogens and other biologically active substances. Phytoestrogens emulate behaviour of human estrogenes and raise interest in areas of research. There are series of scientific foundations for their potential to be used as part of
a treatment for worldwide spread disease like cancer or diabetes, or other common health difficulties e.g. post-menopausal symptoms.
Legumes are often refused in human diet, because of antinutrients they contain. Those are mostly oligosaccharides that are fermented in large intestine which causes flatulence and indigestion. Antinutrients are e.g. enzyme inhibitors or phytic acid.
Antinutrients can be removed by variety of culinary treatments. The easiest are soaking or boiling. The harder, yet very effective treatments, mostly because of time consumptions are e.g. germination or fermentation, or because of technological demands - extrusion. However, heat treatment can degrade proteins and thus lower their usefulness and also reduce biological activity.
Biologically active substances are nowadays intensively researched and studies bring new perspective advantages of consuming legumes.
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Studies of biological specimens by environmental scanning electron microscopy
Autrata, Rudolf ; Horký, D. ; Ilkovics, L. ; Procházka, V. ; Skřička, T.
Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) is a technique which permits observation of the surfaces of biological materials under conditions close to natural environments. The quality of surface images was studied in specimens obtained from solid plant and insect tissues and from human and laboratory animal tissues collected by biopsy from the digestive and urinary systems. For specimen preparation, several methods were used and the results of observations by ESEM and conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were compared to find out the approach which gave the best images in each biological material. In some cases, a modified procedure was used.
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Scanning electron microscopy at low vacuum in specimen chamber
Autrata, Rudolf ; Jirák, Josef
Observation of specimens at a low vacuum in the specimen chamber brings some advantages in comparison with observation in a high vacuum. Water-containing and electrically non-conductive specimens are of special significance. The principle of low vacuum microscopes and problems with the interaction of electrons with the gaseous medium are described. Detection of signals in the so-called environmental (low vacuum) microscope is realised with the help of a single crystal YAG scintillation detector of backscattered electrons on which an electrode system for ionisation detection of secondary electrons is deposited. Some examples of insulation specimens, wet specimens and biological specimens of soft tissues are presented.
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Mathematical Methods for Image Processing in Biological Observations
Zikmund, Tomáš ; doc. RNDr.Petr Matula, Ph.D. (referee) ; Krejčí, František (referee) ; Chmelík, Radim (advisor)
The dissertation deals with the image processing in digital holographic microscopy and X-ray computed tomography. The focus of the work lies in the proposal of data processing techniques to meet the needs of the biological experiments. Transmitted light holographic microscopy is particularly used for quantitative phase imaging of transparent microscopic objects such as living cells. The phase images are affected by the phase aberrations that make the analysis particularly difficult. Here, we present a novel algorithm for dynamical processing of living cells phase images in a time-lapse sequence. The algorithm compensates for the deformation of a phase image using weighted least squares surface fitting. Moreover, it identifies and segments the individual cells in the phase image. This property of the algorithm is important for real-time cell quantitative phase imaging and instantaneous control of the course of the experiment. The efficiency of the propounded algorithm is demonstrated on images of rat fibrosarcoma cells using an off-axis holographic microscope. High resolution X-ray computed tomography is increasingly used technique for the study of the small rodent bones micro-structure. In this part of the work, the trabecular and cortical bone morphology is assessed in the distal half of rat femur. We developed new method for mapping the cortical position and dimensions from a central longitudinal axis with one degree angular resolution. This method was used to examine differences between experimental groups. The bone position in tomographic slices is aligned before the mapping using the propound standardization procedure. The activity of remodelling process of the long bone is studied on the system of cortical canals.
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Cultivation of Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L. C. indica L) and the Use of Its’ Biologically Active Substances in Medicine
Kahánková, Zdeňka ; Hamouz, Karel (advisor) ; Božik, Matěj (referee)
Cannabis has been used as a medicine throughout the history. For the first time the therapeutic use of cannabis was documented in China, 4000 B.C.
The cannabis plants contain significant levels of biologically active secondary metabolites, such as cannabinoids, enzymes, glycoproteins, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, simple acids, fatty acids, steroids, terpenes, phenols, flavonoids, vitamins, pigments, etc. Attention has been focused particularly on the cannabinoid expressing the psychoactive effects tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Concentration of this substance in the plant represents the difference between therapeutic and technical cannabis; technical cannabis has 0,3 % of THC and less.
The concentration of the secondary metabolites in the different stages of the life of the plant is strongly influenced by the external factors present during the cultivation. Due to this fact it is necessary to cultivate medical cannabis indoors, under strictly controlled cultivation conditions. Respecting the standardized conditions is key in order to fulfil the limits necessary for its following use in therapy and/or research.
The discovery of the cannabinoid receptors meant a breakthrough as it allowed the scientists to explain the effect of cannabis on specific tissues. An intense research of the synthetic ligands of cannabinoid receptors has been ongoing currently. Phytocannabinoids, terpenes and other secondary metabolites of cannabis express synergistic actions, meaning they should not be examined separately, but rather be considered a complex.
It can be assumed that the cannabinoid therapy will become a golden standard, which will help reduce the symptoms of the disease and even cure the patient.
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