|
Analysis of biological features of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Med.
Schneebergerová, Tereza ; Hamouz, Pavel (advisor) ; Holec, Josef (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to determinate selected biological characteristics of shepherd´s-purse, which have impact on the establishment and expansion of its populations in field crops. In particular, development of primary dormancy was studied and the effect of factors that influence the dormancy and germination of seeds was determined.
Shepard´s purse is an annual or biennial herb of the cabbage family, which is classified as winter annual weeds. Primarily infest the winter and spring crops, rapeseeds, potatoes or forages. It appears from lowland to foothills, so biological features of individual population can be very different. The ways of control are shallow tillage or herbicidal treatment.
After harvesting of ripe seed the first experiment was set to define the primary dormancy. Remaining seeds were stored in two different types of environment. Part of seeds was stored in the dry at 20 °C. Others seeds were stratified at 5 °C. Effect of storage conditions on primary dormancy was tested every two weeks. Seeds were germinated for
1 week in grow chamber under the influence of various factors such as different light mode, type of water and type of media for germination.
The results were processed by multiple-factor analysis of variance. Fresh seeds showed a strong primary dormancy at constant temperatures of 10 °C and 20 °C. Treatment with fluctuating temperature (20/10 °C), filter paper, drinking water and stored in dark had the highest germination rate (10.75 %). Seeds stratified at 5 °C had increase in germination in first weeks, but lost it during storage. On the other hand, seeds stored in dry at 20 °C firstly were in dormancy, but they lost it gradually during storage.
|
|
Morphometric analyse of Vinca minor populations in the CZU university collection
Závorková, Hana ; Karlík, Petr (advisor) ; Černý, Tomáš (referee)
Lesser periwinkle (Vinca minor) is pretty common, perennial and woody plant, for centuries disseminated for her aesthetic and medicinal use. The aim of this thesis is to try to identify, if individual subjects disseminated throughout the Czech Republic may come from one or more sources or clones. It was collected a total of 135 individuals throughout the Czech Republic, and these individuals were grown for several years in uniform climatic conditions in campus of the Czech Agricultural University in Prague. For these plants were then performed a morphological measurements and statistical evaluation was performed by programs Statistica12 and Canoco5. From data obtained this way was revealed that the morphological features of individual plants are dependent on the type of site, and therefore it is clear that individuals grown on historically verifiable sites probably originate from one or several clones. Another aim of this work is to determine whether the periwinkle occurring in the Czech Republic differ in their morphological and physiological characteristics such as stem length, length and width of leaf, petiole length, number of nodes on the flowering stem and the ratio length / width of the leaf. The results implies the fact that individuals differ in morphological features depending on the location of their occurrence, such as parks, churches, cemeteries and forests. The results further shows to us that location no. 2 differs significantly from the other locations in the length of the stem, leaf length, number of nodes and in the ratio length / width of the leaf. This is confirmed by the results of the program as Statistica12 and the results of the program Canoco5.
|
|
Is the fur good predictor of intoxification of European beaver (Castor fiber) populations?
Faltová, Karolína ; Vorel, Aleš (advisor) ; Korbelová, Jana (referee)
This thesis deals with the burden of European beaver (Castor fiber) populations with risk elements in three areas of the Czech Republic and one area in Slovakia. There were investigated concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Fe, Cu, Pb and As) in the kidneys, livers, lungs, hearts, muscles and fur of 19 found dead beaver individuals. Furthermore, their food was analysed to determine the contamination of their areas of origin and discover, which organ reflects the observed concentrations of Cd the best. The main aim of the study was to determine whether the analysis of hair could be used as a non-invasive method to reflect the concentrations of heavy metals in beaver populations in future. The results were conclusive only for As, whose concentrations in the hair was the second highest and correlated with the content of As in the lungs, which contained the highest concentrations of arsenic. Cadmium in the fur showed a reverse structure compared to the content of Cd in kidney and liver. There were found significant differences in the contamination with heavy metals between beaver populations and their environments. Analysis of the fur is not proved for most of the elements and it is necessary to investigate further non-invasive methods to determine the load of toxic elements on beaver populations.
|
|
A Comparison of Bird Abundance in Different Types of Rural Settlements along the Czech-Austrian Border
Třeská, Klára ; Zasadil, Petr (advisor) ; Hodačová, Lenka (referee)
Abstract
Along with the changes in the management of human, which took place from the mid-20th century, bird populations changed the balances. The aim of my thesis is to determine the differences in the abundance and distribution of selected species of synanthropic birds. These concern of the following species: House sparrow (Passer domesticus), Tree sparrow (Passer montanus), Collared dove (Sreptopelia decaocto), Common linnet (Carduelis cannabina), White wagtail (Motacilla alba), Common chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), Black redstart (Phoenicurus ochruros), European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis), Common starling (Sturnus vulgaris), European greenfinch (Carduelis chloris) and European serin (Serinus serinus). Using the simplified method of mapping (Bibby et al. 1992), the bird census took place in spring 2015 in 20 villages on the Czech-Austrian border. Counting squares were set in each village for different types of environment: the center of the village, edge of village and agricultural area including farm building with livestock.
The results confirm the dependence of house sparrow to agricultural areas with breeding livestock in the Czech Republic. Abundance, density and frequency was evaluate for each species separately. Effect of biotope and state were significant effects only for House sparrow population. Factors of poultry and built up area were significant for White wagtail bird. Effect of state was significant for bird species Collared dove. There were no effects for Tree sparrows populations.
|
|
Effect of game management pratices on the roe deer population
Heřman, Vladimír ; Ježek, Miloš (advisor) ; Benediktová, Kateřina (referee)
In selected hunting grounds MS Obratan was monitored a development of population of Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and the influence of the environment on this population. There are data available about the blasting and weights of the caught pieces from eleven years, from 2005 to 2015. These data are divided by gender, respectively. divided on roe deer, deer and roe. Data were analyzed with regard to the time hunting during the year, together with the weight of the piece. In 2012 there was found an obvious increase in weight of the caught pieces of Roe deer, which was more distincted in the caught deer. It was also found that the month, in which the pieces were caught, does not affect its weight.
|
|
Biological methods of monitoring insecticides resistant populations of selected oilseed rape pests
Zdražil, Adam ; Kazda, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
The literary part of the thesis describes biology, economic importance and methods of chemical protection against pollen beetle, cabbage seed weevil and cabbage stem flea beetle. The resistance of these pests against zoocides in the Czech republic and in some parts of neighbour European countries is decribed and principles of antiresistance strategies are outlined. Each group of insecticides is describd and their active components are rated in the practical part of the thesis. Findings about pest resistance are summarized - resistance types and mechanisms in particular. Then monitoring of resistent populations of plant pests are described.
New findings concerning the resistance of three oilseed rape pests were acquired using biological methods. For cabage seed weevil six areas were evaluated, for pollen beetle seven and for cabbage stem flea beetle two areas were evaluated. All the evaluated areas are in the Czech republic.
The adult-vial test number 11, nr. 25, nr. 27 accordinng to IRAC methodology and topical aplication test were used to rate the resistance. The efficiency of five pyrethroids (deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, tau-fluvalinate, cypermethrin), one organophosphate (chlorpyrifos - cabbage stem flea beetle only) and one oxadiazin (indoxacarb) in different concentrations were rated.
The mortality of the pests was rated 24 hours after active component functioning for pollen beetle and cabbage seed weevil and after 48 hours for cabage stem flea beetle. Then lethal concentration LC50 and LC95 values were assessed.
For ppollen beetle, the resistance against pyrethroids was confirmed with the exception, the effect of neonicotinoids was variable, acetamiprid and thiacloprid showed reduced efficiency in populations of some areas. Assessed populations of cabbage seed weevil and cabbage stem flea beetle were very sensitive to pyrethroids, but neonicotinoids showed insufficient efficiency. The indoxacarb sensitivity of pollen beetle and cabbage stem flea beetle was high.
|
|
Spatial distribution and mobility of critically endangered Rock Grayling in the area of Orlik Reservoir
Váňová, Anežka ; Kadlec, Tomáš (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
The critically endangered grayling (Hipparchia hermione, syn.: alcyone) is one of the rapidly declining diurnal butterfly species which occupies only few remaining localities in the Czech Republic. Currently, its remaining local populations can be found in the central Povltavi area where they inhabit mostly sparse light oak forests with low cover of the herb layer. As a diploma thesis, the study was conducted during the season 2015. The populations of H. alcyone were researched around the Orlik water reservoir. The occurrence was confirmed at six localities out of which two had been unknown until then. Within four dense populations have been using the capture-recapture method evaluated the mobility and dispersal abilities of the species. The populations differed in their dispersal abilities. Various average long distances across localities and sexes were detected. The average long distances varied (males 142to300 m, females 78to261 m) across all locations. The flight probability were ascertained with two methods: the inverse power function (IPF) and the negative exponential function (NEF). The NEF method fitted better the flight probability at all localities. The interchanges of individuals between localities were noted only in a case of two closest populations. These one-way interchanges (three males and two females) were always directed from dense to smaller population. The adults of H. alcyone were typical by very low dispersions between separate populations, probably due to lower densities of populations and innapropriate structure of migration paths. Three overflights of males and two overflights of females to the neighbouring location were recorded. With respect to the size of local population and the structure of migration routes, the individuals expand with difficulties. In order to maintain and support habitats of new H. alcyone biotopes, the more open canopies and creation of a larger number of small clearings in the neighbourhood of the H. alcyone localities is necessary.
|
|
B2 insertions in mouse population genetics
Kubešová, Lenka ; Macholán, Miloš (referee) ; Munclinger, Pavel (advisor)
1. Prolog Nejvíce zkoumaným savcem (s výjimkou člověka) je drobný živočich, všemi velice dobře známý a provázející člověka odnepaměti. Je to domácí myš. Narozdíl od obrovského množství poznatků o inbredních kmenech myší kupodivu doposud stále víme poměrně málo o jejich blízkých příbuzných - volně žijících domácích myších. Zvláště chybí data o genetické struktuře populací na vyšší škále (na úrovni celých kontinentů). Na této škále se v současné době pro studium populační genetiky využívá převážně mitochondriální DNA (mtDNA) díky svým unikátním vlastnostem (jednoduše izolovatelná, nerekombinující, až na vzácné vyjímky uniparetálně děděná a u obratlovců rychle se vyvíjející). Pro zjevné limitace mtDNA jako markeru (jedná se jen o maličký kus genomu navíc vypovídající jen o mateřském původu) a nejednoznačným výsledkům vyvstává potřeba nalézt pro studium populační genetiky myší vhodné markery z jiných částí genomu. Nejvhodnější možností se jeví být markery založené na SINE elementech. SINE (short interspersed elements) jsou úseky DNA, které se nacházejí v genomech obratlovců (běžně se vyskytující u savců, zejména primátů, hlodavců a kopytníků) ve vysokém počtu navzájem si podobných kopií rozmístěných na různých místech genomu. SINE elementy mají jako markery pro populační genetiku několik výhod. Jejich hlavními...
|
|
The risk perception of drinking regime structure at basic school childern.
BLECHOVÁ, Romana
Perception of risk of drinking regime structure at basic school children. Subject of my bachelor theses deals with liquid receipt at basic school children. This work is not focussed only on quantity but especially on quality of received drinks. To follow quality of drinks, which we drink can be advantageous for individual. The first goal of my theses is to map, if children at primary school keep principles of drinking regime in sequence of General education programs for basic education and implementation of subject healthy education. According to this modification of school curriculum children schuold get information regording the problems of correct nourishment and drinking regime. The problem is if children at the age 6-15 are able to aplicate effectively this obtained onformation in the scope of their living style.The second goal of work is clearing up if children of primary school choose drinks according to their consisting. Theses are divided into two parts. Theoretical part deals with analysis of available sources about drinks and their suitability for children population. There are summarized basic rules and advises for receiving of liguids at the start of theses. Further there are charakterised particular types of drinks and their possible advantages and disadvantages for children age. Then there is description of stuffs which are compherhensive in drinks as mineral stuffs, caffeine, dyes, sweeteners and their impact to health. At the end of theoretical part there is a note about content of water in particular kinds of food-stuff, which can be significant source of liquids for some individuals. Practical part deals with analysis particular questions from questionnaire which are graphics processed as charts andhables and evaluation hypotheses by statistics functions. Research was realised os quantity research with usage guestionnaire method and it was realized in December 2013 at older school age children accindentaly chosen primary school in microregion Telečsko. The questionnaire was anonymous and consisted of 25 questions. Questionare contained demographic questions i. e. age and sex. Then questions focused on guantity, time and frequency of liquids receiving during the day and especially on consisting of drinking regime and preference for choise of liquids. In total amount there was distributed 190 questionnares. We received back 145 ones correctly and fully fulfilled. This is 76 % returnability. Two hypothesis werw formulated for purposes of this reserche H1: Primyry school children do not keep principles of drinking regime. H2: Keeping drinkink regime principles is not different at girls and boys. These hypothesis were statisticaly evaluated and confirmed or disprove on besic of results. The output of results is that children of primary school inspite of information availability about drinkink regime do not keep these principals. So we accept H1 hypothesis. There was not found out statisticaly significanr difference in keeping of principal of dinkink regime at particular are agreed from 93,6 %. We accept H2 hypothesis. Aim of my work was finding out if children choose drinks according to their consisting. The most preferend are carbonated drinks with natural sweeteners and dyes. The most important reason for choosing of drink is its taste, health and price. Children practicaly are not interested in consisting of drinks. The most offen they stated the answer: rather no and no, whoch create 71 % in total. Results of this work can be used to focusing of children education in the area of learning the principals of right drinking regime. The problem not keeping the rules of drinking regime could be solved by focusing of education of the youngesst children who just learn the drinking regime hebits i.e. at the start of they live. First of all the information schould be given their parents who influence their children the most.
|
|
Predisposing factors of allergies XII.
Babrňáková, Lenka ; Jílek, Petr (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
AABBSSTTRRAACCTT BACKGROUND: Rhinitis is one of the causes of the later asthma-expansion. This disease is very vexatious and has a negative impact on the quality of life. The prevalence steadily rises not only in childhood. Many risk and protective factors that are very important for the expansion of atopic diseases and rhinitis have been described. OBJECTIVES: To compare two child populations (rhinitics and the reference sample) with different risk and protective factors influencing the expansion of rhinitis. Thanks to the recognition of the risk factor we can project relevant preventive plans and ímprove our general knowledge in this type of disease. METHODS: 3845 anonymous and structured questionnaires were distributed at the Czech basic schools. The parents filled in the questionnaires on behalf of their children. The questionnaires were supposed to find out the pregnancy conditions of a mother and the living conditions of a child during three periods (first two years of life, the 6th and the 7th year, the 12th and and 13th year). 2050 filled questionnaire were delivered and the analysis was focused on the group of 334 rhinitic children and 765 nonallergic children. We call a child as a rhinitic that has some problems, for example seasonal or all-season coryza, at least once during the followed periods....
|
guest ::
