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Arts and Craft in Occupational Therapy (Activity Analysis)
Hamáčková, Ludmila ; Jebavá, Jana (advisor) ; Chudějová, Petra (referee)
Ergoterapie je profese, která se snaží o dosažení co největší soběstačnosti a samostatnosti jedince. Působí ve třech oblastech: soběstačnost, práce a produktivní aktivity a volnočasové činnosti. Historie ergoterapie sahá do 18. století, ale již i v době před naším letopočtem se vědělo o příznivém vlivu smysluplné činnosti v podobě práce či výtvarných a rukodělných činností. V České republice se začátek využití činnosti jako léčebného prostředku připisuje Priessnitzovi. V době komunismu ergoterapie nebyla potřebná a tak novou éru ergoterapie v České republice je možné datovat až od roku 1992. Pro ergoterapeuty je zásadní nástroj léčby činnost, lépe řečeno, smysluplná činnost. O významu činnosti pro ergoterapeuty psal již v roce 1922 AdolfMeyer. Vývoj ergoterapie je spjat s využíváním výtvarných a rukodělných činností. Jejich využívání se v průběhu vývoje společnosti, který ergoterapie reflektuje, snižuje, ale v Čechách je v jejich využívání stále silná tradice. Mezi důležité nástroje ergoterapeuta patří analýza činnosti, která pomáhá za prvé porozumět základní charakteristice jakékoliv činnosti. Za druhé pomáhá porozumět jedinci v co nejširším kontextu. Výsledkem použití analýzy činnosti je zvolení vhodné terapeutické činnosti pro konkrétního klienta, včetně navržení potřebných úprav pomůcek či...
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Physiotherapy application on scoliosis with emphasis on idiopathic scoliosis
TRAPLOVÁ, Kristýna
Scoliosis is defined as three-dimensional spinal deformity with vertebra deformation in the frontal, sagittal and transversal planes. The aetiology of this disease is unknown, uncertainty occurs in its diagnostics, prognosis as well as in treatment. The first, theoretical part is aimed at processing theoretical materials and their transparency. The practical part is aimed at evaluation of effectiveness of various physiotherapeutic procedures in scoliosis. In the theoretical part of this thesis I present information on anatomical structures affected by scoliosis. The work informs on various classification of scoliosis, it deals with diagnostics, examination and therapy. There are a number of procedures used for scoliosis diagnosis. Only those applied at the workplace where the research was performed are dealt with in detail. The qualitative research method was chosen for the practical part hereof. Two patients with idiopathic scoliosis regularly visiting the outpatient clinic of the Hospital České Budějovice Physiotherapeutic Department were chosen for the research. Both the patients were similar age and their therapy took a similar period. The research is aimed at idiopathic scoliosis examination and therapy monitoring. The results were processed in case-based form. The work evaluates effectiveness of various individual physiotherapeutic procedures and the research shows that application of multiple methods on one patient brings the best result. The results of the work may be used by physiotherapists or other medical staff in their practice, but may also serve as a source of information for patients and their parents.
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Periodontal Disease of Dogs
Škutová, Šárka ; Barták, Miroslav (advisor) ; Olekšáková, Tereza (referee)
Periodontal disease (PD) affects periodontium and thanks to its prevalence it is considered to be one of the most occurred diseases in small animals and even in human. The uppermost etiological agens presents bacterial plaque. Bacterial plaque strongly accumulate if it is not eliminated and it might be the cause of development of gingivitis or even periodontitis over time.
The anatomy itself is relatively large, since the oral cavity is comprised of many kinds of tissues and a detailed description thereof would cover 70 pages at least. That is why the main aim of this work was to attempt to select the most basic information only.
Due to dividing of anatomical structures into bones, soft tissues, salivary glands and teeth, the individual components of supporting apparatus (periodontium) are not described in chapter called ,,periodontium,,. Here is explained its purpose and a description and function of periodontal ligament, which has not been included above. Particular attention was paid to the teeth. Determining the type and the number of individual teeth, the knowledge of their structure and the number of roots, all of that is important when it comes to a tooth extraction. The knowledge of tooth marking, dental formulas, identification systems and odontogenesis itself is equally important.
As for each disease, the etiology is the essential part for understanding the formation of disease. Bacterial plaque, which adheres to enamel of teeth is regarded (as already mentioned) as initial etiological agens. It can mineralize in tartar in varying degrees depending on every individual subject (animal). There are involved other risk factors at onset of the disease such as age, breed, number and line-up of the teeth, their pathology, diet, but also some diseases.
PD can be classified in two basic forms (gingivitis, periodontitis). Gum inflammation, or gingivitis, is often denoted as initial and totally reversible stage of disease. It is possible that there may not be present any symptoms or just slight redness at the beginning. Later stage leads to swelling, pain and significant bleeding, whereas it can manifest in periodontitis if therapy is absent.
Periodontitis affects the entire periodontium and it is often called as an irreversible stage. Although thanks to guided tissue and bone regeneration it is possible to achieve at least slight improvement these days. In most patients disease passes into chronic form, causes them not only pain during eating, but may also result in various systemic diseases. A special form which affects younger individuals is called ,,juvenile periodontitis,,. Diagnosis is primarily based on the medical history and examination of the oral cavity. Tartar index, gingivitis index, grades of tooth mobility and other parameters, which helps to determine the extension of disease and stage can be obtained using the intraoral radiographic, visual examination and measurement by periodontal probe. All collected information can be used to devise recommended therapy.
The sole therapy depends on the state of the patient and the requirements of the owner. It consists of several steps. The essence is especially removal of any deposits of bacterial plaque and tartar, correction of teeth pathologies (smoothing rough surfaces) and tissues pathologies to eventual tooth extraction. As part of the therapy may also be chosen application of antibiotics and other preparations supporting wound healing. Many specialists have been developing new treatments over the past 10 years, but most of them are still not fully finished. These include the development of vaccines, photodynamic therapy, or guided tissue and bone regeneration, which were already mentioned.
An integral part of therapy is home dental care. Without consistent home care there is a high probability of relapse.
An important weapon against the rise of PD are various preventive measures. The most effective method of prevention is probably regular tooth brushing using a brush and a special paste made for animals. However, many owners prefer to avoid this method. They rather elect to feed dry diets, dental treats and other products which help to reduce the amount of plaque and tartar. Another option is a professional teeth cleaning performed by a veterinarian.
A survey via questionnaire consisted of 16 questions, which were aimed at awareness of the disease, age, sex, breed, size, diet, preparations which help to control amount of plaque and tartar, systemic diseases and especially the presence of PD, age at first hit by disease, the circumstances of diagnosis, stage, treatment and relapse.
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Use of Dog in Occupational Therapy
Fílová, Zuzana ; Machová, Kristýna (advisor) ; Chaloupková, Helena (referee)
Main topics of the bachelor´s thesis are possible ways of the dog´s use in occupational therapy. Occupational therapy, as a therapeutic method, its history, definition and main goals are described in the thesis. The following part is depicting animal assisted therapies, their application and functioning principles.
Various studies show that animal assisted therapies have a whole range of positive effects on clients´ physical and mental health as well as they can help clients with social integration. All these areas simultaneously belong to occupational therapy practice and comply with main goals of occupational therapy. Thus use of dogs in occupational therapy has been well justified.
Possible ways of dog´s use in occupational therapy in area of mental health are listed in the thesis, such as the effect of the presence of the dog on the psychological well-being of patients and the use of dog to relieve the feeling of inferiority among mentally ill patients.
The dog also seems to be very appropriate and effective incentive element for communication and cooperation with the therapeutist and social interaction. The dog can also motivate people to physical activity.
Possible ways of dog´s use in occupational therapy in area of physical health are also listed in the thesis. This work describes the effect of the dog to cope with pain in hospitalized patients. Very important is the use of the dog as a compensatory tool.
In this thesis is mentioned that the animal assisted therapies and the use of the dog in occupational therapy needs further research supported by adequate evidence.
Integral parts of the thesis are several designs of canistherapeutical units, which show particular use of the dog in occupational therapy. These canistherapeutical units were designed in collaboration with occupational therapists.
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Possibilities of physiotherapy methods of psoriatic arthritis
DROBNÁ, Martina
This bachelor thesis deals with the problems of psoriatic arthritis, which has chronic evolution among most cases and can lead to articular deformities in patients. This disease has an unclear pathogenesis conditioned by genetic, external and immunologic factors. It affects above all patients with type I psoriasis with emerging symptoms such as swellings with articular pains, morning stiffness and overall fatigue. PsA often shows positive antigen HLA B27, without presence of rheumatoid nodules and negative rheumatoid factor (Štolfa, 2012). PsA causes both physical handicap in patients and substantial disturbance of their social and psychical life. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part briefly outlines the anatomy of skin as well as structure and function of joints. Onward it describes psoriasis, its forms and methods of treatment. The next chapter explains the term arthritis and presents RA as an example. It is followed by detailed description of PsA, definition of the disease, its causes and occurrence, clinical picture and some therapy possibilities. In the practical part, the method of qualitative research was used, with participation of three female patients suffering from PsA. Therapy was initiated by input kinesiologic analysis, including specific examinations such as goniometric examinations of joints, grasp examinations, muscle palpation examinations and others. Patient appointments were held regularly each week for a period of eight-week therapy. On each appointment, previously applied therapy was consulted, exercises were repeated, possibly uncertainties were clarified. Each therapy lasted about 45 minutes, during which hypertonic muscles along with trigger points were relaxed according to specific patient issues. In the last session, output kinesiologic analysis was done and patients were informed about the importance of adhering to regimen measures. The results of the research clearly show overall posture improvement in all patients. A very substantial indicator of therapy success is noticeable reduction of swellings and pain, and hand function improvement. The therapy also focused on adjustment of faulty breathing stereotype manifesting itself with upper type, thereby causing overexertion of cervical spine muscles and frequent headaches. Strong emphasis was also put on activation of the transverse arch, which was collapsed in all patients. This bachelor thesis can be used in clinical practice of physiotherapists or as an educational material for patients.
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