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Methods of resource utilization equivalnecy method for assessing damages caused to human ecosystems
MUNDOKOVÁ, Mariana
The economic evaluation of costs for remediation of montane spruce forest attacked by bark beetle in the different stage of decline (plots with actually living mature trees, plots with dead tree stand, wood is remaining in the ecosystem, plots with damaged stands, which were clear-cut, ten model plots) was made in the National Nature Park Šumava (Modrava model area) using resource equivalency method. Microclimatic characteristics (temperature and humidity development) measured ba dataloggers and communities of epigeic beetles (pitfall traps) were used as environmental metrics. Results indicate that the natural remediation of declined forest is economically most profitable. The microclimatic characteristics of plots with dead tree stand are most similar to the active forest. The species diversity, activity of beetles and frequency of relic species and species indicating virginal forest is higher in plots with dead tree stands. Based on these data we can resulted that the natural remediation of montane spruce forest is the most acceptable way both from biological and economical view (regeneration of ecosystem services of montane spruce forest).
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The Congregation of the Sisters of Mercy of St. Borromeo in the Era of the Totalitarian Regime in Czechoslovakia
Kekulová, Václava ; Matějek, Marek (advisor) ; Eliáš, Vojtěch (referee)
Resumé Title: The Congregation of the Sisters of Mercy of St. Borromeo in era of totalitarian regime in Czechoslovakia Keywords: Congregation, sisters Caroli Borromeo, persecution, totality, processes The main topic of this thesis is the situation of the Congregation of the Sisters of Mercy of St. Borromeo in the 50's in communist Czechoslovakia. There is description of relationship between ecclesia and the totalitarian regime with accent on the Congregation. The Congregation was founded after the Thirty Years War in France. Its work was helping poor and ill people. During 19th century the sisters of Congregation have come into Bohemia and founded the Hospital under the Petřín hill. Their useful work was influenced by policy situation. After The Second World War some sisters had to leave Czechosovakia. But the heaviest situation came after the win of communism in Czechoslovakia. The regime wanted total liquidation of the Congregation. In spite of sister's work with ill people began persecution - taking property (including buildings of monasteries), heavy work of sisters in factories and first of all great artificial processes. One of them was concerned superioress of Congregation at that time. Better situation came in the 60's.
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Communities of epigeic beetles in the plantations of fast growing plant species for energetic purposes and in surrounding biotopes
JAHNOVÁ, Zuzana
The aim of the work was to study the communities of epigeic beetles in plantations of energetic plants (Dactylis glomerata, Arrhenatherum elatius, Phalaris arundinacea, Helianthus tuberosus) and in surrounding lawn biotope. The method of pitfall trapping was used for beetle sampling from 2008 to 2010 during the growing season. Carabid beetles (Carabidae) and rove beetles (Staphylinidae) were used as bioindicators. In total 69 species and 1789 individuals were captured and evaluated. Eurytopic species were more common than stenotopic in all habitats, also the value of the index of beetle communities was low in all plots. RDA analysis proved the influence of surrounding biotope on beetle communities. It was concluded that communities of epigeic beetles might be also affected by the climatic factors, long termed population fluctuations of individual species, edge effect and microclimate inside the vegetation.
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Social organization and communication of flying foxes focused on the genus Rousettus
Vašíčková, Pavla ; Jahelková, Helena (advisor) ; Lučan, Radek (referee)
Within the family Pteropodidae there are different types of social systems, depending on the species. Reproductive activity of Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) is based on the latitude, when in milder latitudes individuals tend to be seasonally monoestry, southerly living individuals are less synchronous. Gestation lasts about four months and in most cases one young is born and mother cares about it. Egyptian fruit bats often inhabit caves, while there may live thousands of individuals and even more together. Pteropodidae are focused on plant food, which they choose according to the many criteria. Members of the genus Rousettus belong to the food generalists and their diet includes trees and herbs, from which they consume fruits, flowers, nectar, pollen, shoots and leaves. They were also observed by eating beetles of the family Scarabidae. Flying foxes of the genus Rousettus are special, because they orient by echolocation. They emit short broadband signals through the vibration of the language, whose length ranges from 50-100 s. From other chiropteran families they differ through the way of production the signals. In addition to echolocation senses of smell and sight are key in terms of communication. The smell is important mainly in attracting a partner, for mutual recognition between...
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Biodiversity of abandoned mine sites in Hradec Kralove.
PONČA, Dušan
The biodiversity of brown field (old brickyard) was studied in the eastern Bohemia (Plotiště nad Labem). The next possibility of utitizasition of this locality is proposed. The habitat mappinig and the study of epigeic beetle communities was made. The human impact of beetle communities was studied. It was found, that the presence of rare and relic species was found in the habitats with rest of the human activities (ruins of the old buildings). These spesies were characterized as old synanthropic species.
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Church in the housing estate
de Brito, Dagmar ; Todorov, Petr (referee) ; Štěpán, Marek (advisor)
The proposed church is set in a terraced terrain north-south slope and its configuration is handled in accordance with the existing communication structure. At the same time the church does not block an open view of the distant horizon. The object is designed intentionally as horizontal as opposed to verticality of very high residential buildings surrounding the site. Next to the church building rises a path, whose trajectory was previously naturally done by people who have used the path as a shortcut across the hill. The building is trying to hold a dialogue with this path, thus the building can be entered from the path. The lining of the path also creates the desired public spaces. The main space of the church is hidden in the heart of the building, as the soul is hidden inside the body of man. Sacred space is clearly defined by a cylindrical tube, around which the other floors are placed. The tube that is also holding a ramp penetrates through the entire building, thus giving a ubiquitous presence of the temple on each floor via perforated round holes. The ascending ramp also serves as the way of the Cross starting on the ground floor of the presbytery and finishing as the last 14th stopping at the very top of the at the upper entrance. The church is accessible in two ways - with the upper entrance with a ramp going down, or directly from the bottom floor main entrance. Both options offer different spatial perceptions. The access from the ground level starts at the entrance with a direct view to the sacrificial table and suddenly opens up at into the sacred space. At the upper entrance the sacral space opens up slowly as the visitor ascends the spiral ramp that gradually opens up into three choirs at various heights and with different uses - gradually from above - choir, organ, believers. Organist for the choir has its own auxiliary staircase. The space the church offers many different spatial shapes, corners and connections. Different heights provide different perception - from intimate prayer alone to experience the Great Assembly.
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City Library of Přerov
Ptačin, Ján ; Uhlíř, Petr (referee) ; Ruller, Ivan (advisor)
The new public library building needs to meet a lot of diverse demands. It has to be developed in conjunction with librarian's needs, it has to react on existing urban conditions and it needs to be self-defining and future oriented, so it will be able to cope with radical changes in the communications we experience nowadays. Our proposition is a reaction to the impulses of the site combined with our view of what a new library should represent. It is: communication, interaction, inspiration. We try to eliminate negative aspects of the selected site and on the other hand, use and develop existing potential. The building tries to terminate the big crossroads next to the site and on the contrary to create a nice quiet public space with the church. It also wants to be a new landmark and icon of the town. The solution we found is based on two main principles. A fence. And a hill. Fence as a guard and prevention from crossroads, as a closure of the urban block and public space with green and church building inside, as a boarder with the industrial part of the town, as a show-off wall, a allure to the world of wisdom and quiet public space behind... It is represented by double glass facade along the border of the site. Hill as an activator of the site, as an icon and a brand of the place, as a second hill in whole town, as an island and oasis, as a place for sport, play, as an open public reading room, as a natural amphitheatre... It consists of a simple green roof raising from the church towards the sky, covering the library buiding.
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Influence different management on primary production and biodiversity epigeic and hemiedafic beetles in observed drainage area in Šumava.
KISSOVÁ, Lucie
Communities of epigeic beetles were studied on two water catchments with the different management in the submontaneous area of Bohemian Forest (South Bohemia, Czechia). The Mlýnský stream catchment was characteristic by high representation of unforested habitats (pastures and mowed meadows), Horský stream by higher proportion of forested habitats and non equal management (plots without management). The biomass characteristics (above ground and dry) were measured on studied plots. The method of pitfall trapping was used for beetle sampling. Beetle species were divided into two groups after its preferences to shaded: species occurring in unshaded habitats and species occurring in shaded habitats. The degree of human impact was studied by finding of frequency of species of different ecological groups. The above ground biomass was about 2 time higher in Mlýnský stream than in the Horský stream. The dry biomass was practically the same. 57 species was found in the Mlýnský stream and 33 in the Horský stream. The activity of beetles was about five times higher in Mlýnský stream than in the Horský stream. Ubiquitous species prevail in Mlýnský stream and adaptive species in the Horský stream. Stenotopic species were found in the Mlýnský stream only. These results indicate less human impact in Horský stream than in the Mlýnský stream. Beetles prefering unsheded habitats slightly prevail in Mlýnský stream in comparison with Horský stream. Beetle species characteristical for shaded habitats occur in Horský stream in comparison with Mlýnský stream. The geographical exposition affected the beetle structure mainly in the less forested plot of Mlýnský stream. The structure of communites situated to the south differs from communities situated to the north in Mlýnský stream. The effect of exposition is not documented in Horský stream with the greater proportion of forested size.
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