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Local Elections and Formation of Self-Administration in Skopytce (Case Study)
Březinová, Andrea ; Čmejrek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Bubeníček, Václav (referee)
The Bachelor thesis on the topic of Local Elections and Formation of Self Administration captures the process of municipal elections and the post-election events in a selected village Skopytce. The thesis focuses primarily on municipal elections which took place in 2014. In the main part is an analysis of election results and voter turnout in 2014 and their comparison with the results of the elections in 2010. The thesis shows the problems of small communities with compiling lists of candidates, the post election cooperation between the elected representatives in relation to the establishment of self government. The thesis is trying to identify factors which influence the pre-election and post-election events in the village and tries to apply the classification of local models of democracy on the selected village.
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The budget of municipality from an economics and legal point of view
Segmüllerová, Andrea ; Korcová, Renata (advisor) ; Civínová, Denisa (referee)
The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to incurred determine the effectiveness of the management of the municipality and analyzed in 2013, 2014 and 2015 revenue and expenditure village of Malé Přítočno. Whether deficits or surpluses incurred, so to determine their causes and find suitable solution, for the community to increase budget revenues, plans to propose the creation of a budget and also using grants for 2016. In the theoretical part is used the definition of terminology regarding to local government. In the practical part that was first described by demographics and geography of the village. By comparing the budgets in individual years, it was found that the economy was effective and its budget in the years 2013 - 2015 always in surplus. Furthermore, it was found that that the municipality could apply for a grant for the wastewater treatment plan according to the Operational Programme Environment, which would give a subsidy from the Cohesion Fund in the amount of up to 85 percent (ie. 27.2 million CZK). The remaining 15 percent (ie. 4.8 million CZK) would have to cover municipality from its budget, but this is not possible, since on the account only has the amount of 2.2 million CZK. Therefor was made a suggestion to increase the revenue of the village by renting the municipal hall.
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Development of Unemployment in the Czech Republic
Marková, Tereza ; Steininger, Michal (advisor) ; Ondřej, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of the paper is to analyze the development and structure of unemployment in the Czech Republic over the last 10 years. An operational objective is to explain the concept of unemployment, reasons for its creation, consequences and social impact.
The main objective is to study the situation in the Czech Republic between 2005 - 2014 and choose the region with the highest and the lowest rate of unemployment.
The paper then deals with these two regions and according to the data from the Czech Statistical Office and the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs compares their general level of unemployment and its structure in terms of gender, age, education and the demand and supply of jobs.
The region with the lowest unemployment is the capital city of Prague and the highest unemployment region is the region of Usti. In the monitored period, both regions had the lowest overall unemployment rate in 2008, just before the economic crisis. After this year the situation in the Czech Republic deteriorated, and so unemployment also increased, which is visible in all areas of this research.
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Productivity dynamics of herb layer in the thermophilous oakwood in the Nature Reservation Na Voskopě (Czech Karst) with respect to the solar radiation intensity
Mevald, Ondřej ; Černý, Tomáš (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
The Nature Reserve Na Voskopě is a special site where a long-term experiment was established in 2013, dealing with the switch of a long abandoned coppice back to its actively managed form. The project aims to examine the long-term impact of the proposed measures on the structure and diversity of plant species in herb layer especially in lighter woods at lower altitudes. The specific aim of this study was to examine the hypothesized crucial role of light conditions on the dynamics of plant biomass production in the undergrowth of such experimentally opened up thermophilous oak-dominated stand. A design was set up based on 40 permanent plots, where there were taken biomass samples from the herb layer in 2015. Further on, hemispherical images of forest canopy were photographed in the centre of each permanent plot. These images were evaluated in the analytical program WinScanopy, which calculates the amount of direct and diffuse radiation. The obtained datasets were evaluated by the regression analysis. The only decisive variable affecting the productivity of the herb layer turned to be diffuse radiation. The biomass data were also compared with light conditions sampled in the previous season (2014) as a part of ongoing experimental research. Season 2014 is characterized as a normal one and we managed to find a much stronger relationship between light conditions in 2014 and biomass productivity in 2015. Light conditions in season 2015 were significantly affected by the extremely dry and hot weather leading to strong defoliation of forest canopy. Still, we managed to demonstrate the positive impact of light conditions for the production of herb layer biomass. Weather extremes may also indicate an increase in biomass production in the next season, since a significant proportion of nutrients remained unused in the soil due to stopping the growth of vegetation. The current composition of the vegetation is very often determined by the extreme events in the abiotic environment occurring not long ago. Hemispherical images also proved as a very effective way to determine the light conditions, so it is also recommended to use for further research.
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Actual state in the 2015 year of the Nun Moth (Lymantria monacha) in the Brdy region
Vondřich, Vladimír ; Šrůtka, Petr (advisor) ; Nakládal, Oto (referee)
This thesis aims to analyze actual state of the nun moth (Lymantria monacha L.) in the Brdy region in the year 2015. The main objective was to determine its population density. For the research several sites were selected in which three monitoring methods were used: adhesive tree bands, dropping method and pheromone-baited traps. The results revealed that the nun moth only occurs in the forest in minimal numbers. Another objective was to evaluate colour forms of moths and determine connection between colour forms of caterpillars and moths. For the lack of captured caterpillars no results were acquired. The majority of moths caught on pheromone-baited traps had gray colouring and relatively small number of moths (21%) had basic (white) colouring.
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Diet structure of Tengmalm’s owl (Aegolius funereus) in the Ore Moutains in 2014-2015: the effect of laying date on the presence of Apodemus mice and Sorex shrews
Řánková, Kristýna ; Šťastný, Karel (advisor) ; Hanel, Jan (referee)
The study of feed ecology of Tengmalm s owl has been progressing at the department of ecology at the Environmental Science of the Czech University of Agriculture in Prague since 1999. Feed is examined in Loučen part of the area of the Ore Mountains, which is destroyed by imisions, in the surrounding of Fláj barrier with the extent of 70 km2. Researching part is situated in the northwest area of the Czech Republic.
My part of the research of Tengmalms owl s feed was progressed in 2014-2015 and carried out by the method of analysing of pellets and residues which are from nesting boxes. The total amount of the analysed prey animals was 1608 individuals from 32 samples, from which there were 1575 mammals (Mammalia) (97,9 %) and 33 birds (Aves) (2,1 %). In 2014, 6 samples were analysed. In these, 259 pieces of prey were determined. The following year it was 26 samples, in which 1349 pieces of prey were determined.
The substitution of mammals had this composition in 2014-2015: Apodemus sp. - 52,8 %, Microtus agrestis - 25,1 %, Microtus sp. - 8,0 %, Sorex araneus - 3,0 %, Clethrionomys glareolus - 2,7 %, Microtus arvalis - 2,0 %, Muscardinus avellonarius - 0,6 %, Sorex minutus - 0,5 %, Micromys minutus - 0,1 %. The substitution of birds was following: Turdus philomelos - 0,4 %, Phylloscopus sp. - 0,4 %, Aegolius funereus - 0,2 %, Erithacus rebecula - 0,2 %, Pyrrhula pyrrhula - 0,2 %, Fringilla celebs - 0,1 %, Parus major - 0,1 %, Anthus trivialis - 0,1 %, Carduelis cannabina - 0,1 %, Ficedula sp. - 0,1 %, Garrulus glandarius - 0,1 %, Regulus regulus - 0,1 %, Sylvia atricapilla - 0,1 %, Turdus merula - 0,1 %. The first aim was to classify the substitution of Shrews and Apodemus mice in the relation to the time of nesting of Tengmalms owl. Big difference in share of Apodemus mice and Tengmalms owl was given in feed of Tengmalms owl in following 2014-2015. In 2014 Apodemus mice were 19,3 % of feed while they were 59,4 % in 2015. In 2014 Apodemus mice were 18,8 % food of Tengmalms owl, while it was 3,9 % in 2015.
Next it was found out that in 2014 substitution of neither Apodemus mice (Apodemus sp.), nor Tengmalms owl in feed of those ones didnt change during their nesting so much, the influence of the time of their nesting wasnt determined. During nesting time in 2015 share of Apodemus mice in feed of Tengmalms owl was brought down, it means that the couples nesting in the season earlier hunted more Apodemus mice. The substitution of Apodemus mice hasnt changed (the influence on the time of nesting wasnt shown).
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Diet structure of Tengmalm’s owl (Aegolius funereus) in the Ore Moutains in 2014-2015: the effect of laying date on the presence of Microtus voles and birds (Aves)
Šimková, Kristýna ; Šťastný, Karel (advisor) ; Kouba, Marek (referee)
Diet structure of Tengmalm s Owl was studied during 2014-2015 in the Loučeň area of the Ore Mountains specifically around the Flájská dam area of 70 km2. This area is strongly affected by emissions. Diet research was conducted with method of pellets analysis which were taken from nest boxes during nesting period. 32 samples were collected during this two years study. Each sample represents content of diet from one nest box during one
nesting period. 6 samples with 259 individuals were from 2014 while 26 samples with 1349 individuals were collected in 2015. In total 1608 individuals were found during 2014-2015, out of them 33 birds (Aves) and 1575 mammals (Mammalia). Diet content was changing during study years, depending on availability of prey. Main part of diet represented mammals (97,9 %), rest of diet was built by birds (2,1 %). Between 2014-2015 mammals were found in following proportion: Apodemus sp. - 52,8 %, Microtus agrestis - 25,1 %, Microtus sp. - 8,0 %, Sorex araneus - 3,0 %, Clethrionomys glareolus - 2,7 %, Microtus arvalis - 2,0 %, Muscardinus avellanarius - 0,6 %, Sorex minutus - 0,5 %, Micromys minutus - 0,1 % and birds in proportion: Turdus philomelos - 0,4 %, Phylloscopus sp. - 0,4 %, Aegolius funereus - 0,2 %, Erithacus rubecula - 0,2 %, Pyrrhula pyrrhula - 0,2 %, Fringilla coelebs - 0,1
%, Parus major - 0,1 %, Anthus trivialis - 0,1 %, Carduelis cannabina - 0,1 %, Ficedula sp. - 0,1 %, Garrulus landarius - 0,1 %, Regulus regulus - 0,1 %, Sylvia atricapilla - 0,1 %, Turdus merula - 0,1 %. Main objective of this study was to evaluate proportion of voles and birds in diet during study reflecting timing of Tengmalm s Owl s nesting. During two years evaluation was proved difference in proportion of birds in diet of Tengmalm s Owl. In 2014 birds represented 15,3% of diet while in 2015 birds were not represented at all. Proportion of voles (Microtus agrestis, Microtus arvalis and Microtus sp.) in Tengmalm s Owl s diet didn t differ significantly during study period.
It was found that in 2014 neither proportion of voles nor birds in Tengmalm s Owl s diet didn t change significantly during nesting period thus the effect of nesting timing on diet content wasn t proved. During 2015 nesting period the proportions of voles in Tengmalm s Owl s diet significantly grew and impact of nesting timing was proved. Birds were not represented in owl s diet at all in this year.
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Institution President of the Republic in the legal order of the Czech republic from the point of view its election
Huptychová, Natálie ; Civínová, Denisa (advisor) ; Cvik, Eva Daniela (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on a president, especially from the point of view its election. The first part focuses on the institute of president in the Czech Constitution,
and the election of the president. The practical part focuses specifically on the first direct election of the president to the Czech Republic, which took place in 2013. Gives information about the presidential candidates, who were candidates in 2013, their nomination during the campaign, campaign financing, and control the financing of these campaigns. Based on the information then evaluates the candidates' campaigns,
and compares the detected information with the theoretical bases of the theoretical part, and examines if the course of direct presidential election in 2013 was conducted
in accordance with the applicable laws of the Czech Republic.
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The quality of water sources in the Czech Republic
Boháčová, Tereza ; Petrtýl, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kyriánová, Iveta Angela (referee)
The following bachelor thesis on the subject of The quality of water sources in the Czech Republic is supposed to introduce its readers to both historical development and current state of surface water quality in the Czech Republic. The works methodology is creation of a literature review of available scientific literature and especially Reports on surface water quality in particular river basins. The first part briefly describes Czech hydrological network and basic water quality indicators. The second part deals with the development of surface water quality in particular river basins. Another part of the work describes legal measures concerning surface water protection.
In the last century, surface water contamination was considered one of the biggest environmental problems in our country. Waste water flowing into surface water were not perfectly treated and often werent treated at all. Because of this and also because of intense industry development, surface water was highly polluted. It wasnt until 1989, when the surface water quality improved significantly, mainly due to reduction of contaminants discharge, waste water treatment plants and sewerage system construction and development. Main danger for quality of rivers after 1989 were floods in 1997 and 2002, during which water treatment plants outage were often and dangerous chemicals were leaking from factories.
The main finding of this work is the fact that quality of surface water in Czech Republic is much better than in the last century. However, it is still needed, that we focus on smaller rivers which are being endangered the most by discharge of contaminants from villages that dont have their own waste water treatment plants.
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Pig (Sus scrofa domestica) as a laboratory animal and its use in experiments
Šlajerová, Markéta ; Masopustová, Renata (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The thesis on the topic of the use of laboratory swine in biomedical research is focused on the detailed description of phylogeny and domestication of the species Sus scrofa and the origin of its domesticated form Sus scrofa domestica, a laboratory breeding, nutrition, requirements for space and the animal health conditions. Physiological and anatomical similarities pig with the human organism offers a wide range of the applications in various sectors of the medical research. Pigs, or rather the mini pig breeds are part of the preclinical testing of drugs in toxicology. In dermatology tend to be an experimental model in the healing wounds and burns, or the study of melanoma. Cardiovascular system of pigs is used in connection with the formation of atherosclerosis and congenital heart defects. The omnivorousness of pigs to test of dietary supplements; is also monitored in experimental diabetes, gastric ulcer or cirrhosis of the liver. Just the liver and their ability to regenerate them is in the laboratory pigs the focus of many research groups around the world. The central nervous system offers the opportunity to study stroke, or spinal cord injury. In transgenic animals is studied Huntington's disease and its treatment in humans. Titanium implants and various types of biomaterials are injected into the skeletal system of a pig, then reactions and bone healing are examined. In the area of experimental xenotransplantation could in the future be strains of genetically modified pigs become a source of organs for humans. While unresolved problem is the HAR-Hyperacute Rejection so rejection of the implant, and the risk of transmission of certain diseases from pigs to humans. Payoff experimental pigs is of undoubted importance and need this potential wisely and purposefully use, without wasting experimental animals and unnecessary pain. Emphasis should be placed on adherence to regulatory compliance and the concept of 3R.
Actual laboratory pigs breeding is at a high standard. Unfortunately, his major weakness on global scale is incomplete reported data related to exact values used pigs in experiments.
In the Czech Republic was the most laboratory pigs used in 1994 exactly 6882 pieces, in 1998 has been used 7122 pieces, higher number of laboratory swine was also reported for the year 2009, namely 4445 pieces. In recent years, the numbers of used laboratory pigs in the Czech Republic have settled around an average value of 2,400 pieces. Using the Mann-Whitney U test were compared to the values used in the laboratory pigs Czech Republic and the European Union, on a per capita basis. From the resulting value of p = 0.486, bigger than alpha = 0.05 it follows, that was not proved a difference in the use of experimental pigs between the Czech Republic and the other member states of the European Union. On the basis of the carried out statistical survey, it can be concluded that the fluctuations and trends in the use of laboratory pigs in the Czech Republic do not replicate those european. The established hypothesis was confirmed.
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