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Knowladge of the selected secondary school's students about respiratory diseases
Drbohlavová, Tereza ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Váchová, Alena (referee)
TITLE Knowledge of second grade pupils of selected primary school in the field of respirátory diseases AUTHOR Tereza Drbohlavová SUPERVISOR PhDr. Hanušová Jaroslava, Ph.D. ABSTRAKT This bachelor thesis is about the topic of respiratory diseases with a focus on the knowledge of pupils from 6th to 9th grade of selected elementary school in this topic. In the first part of the thesis there will be an overview of individual diseases, including their following symptoms. In this part will be described how the selected diseases manifests, clinical picture, progression of the disease, possibilities of vaccination, treatment or prevention. The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the knowledge of pupils of the 6th to 9th grade at a selected elementary school in this topic. The necessary information will be collected from the pupils through questionnaires. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the results of this research. From these results it is clear that the pupils' knowledge is generally average. The best results were achieved in 9th grades, with average score of 44.38 points in 9. A and 46.54 points in 9. B. the total percentage success in 9.A is 80.7 % and in 9.B 77.58 %. On the contrary, the lowest number of correct answers was from pupils of 6. A, where the pupils achieved an average score...
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Nutricional care for patients with TBC
Vlášková, Lenka ; Střítecká, Hana (advisor) ; Kaláb, Josef (referee)
The thesis deals with the nutritional care for patients with TBC. The theoretical part describes the history of the disease, its definition, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. The tuberculosis surveillance system in the Czech Republic, the incidence of tuberculosis in our country and in the world and the specifics of nutricional care for patients with tuberculosis. In the practical part i deal with nutritional care in five case reports and interpret the records from the patient's medical records. I suggest to each patient an optimal diet based on the calculated nutritional need. Keywords: tuberculosis, nutritional care, disease, nutrition, diet
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The current situation of tuberculosis incidence and mortality in selected African states
Chmelařová, Tereza ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
The current situation of tuberculosis incidence and mortality in selected African states Abstract This bachelor thesis focuses on the issue of tuberculosis incidence and mortality in eight African states, which are on the list of high burden countries (Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Zimbabwe). The aim of this work is to describe the current situation of tuberculosis incidence and mortality in these states and evaluate the development of the level of tuberculosis incidence and mortality in the period of 2000-2017. Further, work evaluates the current situation of multidrug resistant tuberculosis and the results of treatment. Since we are focusing on the developing countries, where the data availability is not always good, we will also focus on the problem of data availability in our selected states. Based on the analytical part of this work, we can conclude that most of the selected states probably will not be able to achieve the 80% reduction in the tuberculosis incidence rate, compared with levels in 2015. Keywords: tuberculosis incidence, tuberculosis mortality, tuberculosis, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, African region
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In vitro screening of potential antimycobacterial compounds against fast growing strains of Mycobacterium genus
Lyčková, Lenka ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Specialist in Laboratory Methods Candidate: Bc. Lenka Lyčková Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro screening of potential antimycobacterial compounds against fast growing strains of Mycobacterium genus The aim of this work is to determine the efficacy of new compounds for possible treatment of tuberculosis in the future. A microdilution broth method with already proven procedure on Mycobacterium aurum and Mycobacterium smegmatis strains was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of compounds. The theoretical part summarizes the epidemiological situation of recent years with global trends in the incidence and mortality of tuberculosis in the world and in the Czech Republic, including prospective plans for remediation in the time horizon. Mycobacteria are described in the main representation with M. tuberculosis. Tuberculosis disease - its history, forms, diagnosis and treatment with antituberculotics, which are divided according to the use lines, new drugs and drugs in development. The experimental part contains qualitative and quantitative methods of testing mycobacteria and captures the microdilution broth method used in...
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Origin and historical development of the First Constitutional Elementary School in Central Europe at the František Hamza Sanatorium in Luže
Slabá, Soňa ; Stará, Jana (referee) ; Hejlová, Helena (referee)
TITLE: Origin and historical development of the First Constitutional Elementary School in Central Europe at the František Hamza Sanatorium in Luže AUTHOR: Mgr. Soňa Mikolášková ABSTRACT The aim of the thesis is based on archival sources and literature to capture the most complete picture of the historical development of constitutional fundamental schools, including the pedagogical approach and the ideas of its founder Prof. Francis Hamza MD, the curriculum, the teaching and the specifics of this school. This school was the First Constitutional Elementary School in Central Europe. It only later began to emerge at other schools, hospitals and other medical facilities. And today, the school performs particularly, education and the educational function, which has a significant positive impact on the healing process of the child, because her thoughts move away from illness, pain, fear and are helped to overcome the sadness of separation from the family. KEY WORDS Scrofula, tuberculosis, history, hospital, kids, teacher, school, nature, air, access
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Specialist public awareness of the tuberculosis vaccination
Ročková, Marcela ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Rathouská, Jana (referee)
Discussions about vaccination against tuberculosis with BCG vaccine have been led for many years. The BCG vaccination belongs among the most controversial vaccinations at all, because the vaccine isn't very effective and its' application is also accompanied by a high incidence of complications. All these facts, with regard to the fact that the incidence of TBC in the Czech Republic is one of the lowest in Europe, have led to revaluation of the meaning about this vaccination and inicially it resulted in cancellation of revaccination for children of two and eleven years of age and afterwards in complete vaccination abolishment for children and newborns. The goal of this work was a finding, which attitudes towards vaccination against tuberculosis doctors advocate. I achieved this through the method using the questionnaire study on this topic. 489 respondents answered six simple questions focused on the issue of the BCG vaccination. Many results were surprising. 39 doctors didn't know, that the complete vaccination for children and newborns was abolished and 257 doctors disagreed with this decision. 296 doctors considered the declining incidence of tuberculosis as a reason, why the complete vaccination was cancelled. 476 doctors had a meaning, that it is necessary to continue with vaccination of...
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Tuberculosis
Ročková, Marcela ; Křivčíková, Lucie (advisor) ; Lesná, Jiřina (referee)
Tuberculosis is a serious infectious disease that affects mainly the lungs but it can also affect any other organ. All the cases of tuberculosis are caused by bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex including M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. bovis BCG and M. africanum. Mycobacteria are strictly aerobe and highly resistant bacteria, which, due to the long generation time of very slow growth, are difficult to diagnose. Their source is only the person with tuberculosis, rarely an infected animal. Tuberculosis is a long-term illness. Frequently the mycobacterial infection becomes chronic or latent, posing a risk of reactivation throughout life. Vaccination used to be a preventive measure against tuberculosis for several years, but nowadays, it's aimed only at risky patients. Treatment of tuberculosis consists of a combination of several different antitubercular medicines. Incidence of tuberculosis is steadily decreasing, especially in the developed countries. In developing countries, however, the incidence of this disease is still considerable, so there remains a serious health problem. Key words: tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, TBC, BCG- vaccination.
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The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis
CHALOUPKOVÁ, Lenka
Even in 21st century tuberculosis (TBC) pose a significant medical and social problem. Open borders intensified migrations, expansin of AIDS pandemic and related increase of patients with reduced immunity are all reasons why tubercuosis still remains one of the main causes of death all over the world. The disease originator is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an acidoresistent bacteria that is able to survive in a human organism for a lot of years. Symptoms of the disease are not characteristic, that is why the correct diagnosis is essential to reveal the new cases of the disease. One of the standards to stay is bacteriological examination based on microscopic examination and cultivation of the material. Also rapid molecular genetic techniques and methods based on the immune response are availabe. This work uses data gaied from Plicní léčebna Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s. (Pulmonary Department of Hospital in České Budějovice) for the period of 2008-2016, as well as data gained from Pracoviště imunologie (Immunolgy Department) in Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s. The goal of the work was to create a statistical overview of patients with confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis according to age and gender for the period of 2008-2016 . Next it aims at comparison of tuberculin skin test and quantiferon test in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis for the period of 2008 - 2016. Implementation and evaluation of the quantiferon test in patients in 2016 are the end of my work. The methodology was mainly based on gathering the necessary data and their evaluation. Results show that pulmonary tuberculosis was confirmed in 81 patients in relation to data obtained from the Pulmonary Department. Of that 75% were male and only 25% female. For both sexes, the occurrence of tuberculosis was on record in all age categories. In men most often at the age of 31-50 and 51-70. Tuberculin skin test (PPD) and quantiferon (QF) test were also accomplished in 62% of patients. Only in 7% patients none of the tests was done. When the two tests were compared, both PPD and QF tests were positive in 64%. Also the results show that the quantiferon test is more sensitive than the tuberculin skin test. The quantiferon test was evaluated separately for the positive and negative results, positive result was compared with bacteriological examination. Next the QF test was evaluated from the point of view of gender, age, diagnosis and engaged department. A relatively signifcant finding was that even though the QF test is more sensitive, for more than a third of patients with the positive QF test result, mycobacterial identification was not required at all. Compared to bacteriology examination TB was cofirmed in 14% of patients. Despite the fact that the Czech Republic ranks among the countries with a low incidence of tuberculosis, this fact can not be underestimated. The public's feeling that there is no need to worry about this illness has also been supported by the approval of the cancellation of flat vaccinations, effective from 1. 11. 2010. Also, a number of physicians are no longer taking this disease into account while making diagnosis. However, education of lay public is essential above all in this issue.
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Construction of the image of tuberculosis and its impact on disease management
Bičíková, Kateřina ; Čada, Karel (advisor) ; Kotík, Michal (referee)
Tuberculosis is a disease accompanied by a number of negative emotional connotations, which make it difficult for the patient to deal with the illness. With the help of a qualitative media analysis and in-depth interviews with patients we found that a person ill with tuberculosis today in the Czech Republic is faced with both remainders of the historical image of the illness as well as its new images. Tuberculosis is in both cases defined as a problem which the major society is not involved in. This is for one reason because it is often mentioned in historical circumstances, which associates long gone history, and for the second reason as it is presented as a disease of socially excluded individuals living on the edge of society, who are perceived negatively by society in general. People infected with tuberculosis are therefore stigmatized and disqualified because the disease they are ill with is today perceived as something unacceptable and improper.
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Tuberculosis - re-established problem of European population
Marková, Jitka ; Bartoňová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Tuberculosis - re-established problem of European population Abstract The main objective of this study is to collect data and to provide information about current tuberculosis burden on European population and to capture the most important trends in development of spreading the infection in the European region in the period 1995-2010. A typology of the countries of the European region is performed on the base of main features of tuberculosis morbidity and mortality in the period 2008-2010. Detailed analysis of level of tuberculosis morbidity and mortality for each region was based on available data. The study also presents the plans of major world and European organizations to eliminate spread of tuberculosis.
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