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Antiviral vaccination - tick borne encephalitis virus
Solarová, Pavlína ; Janštová, Vanda (referee) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor)
Tick borne encephalitis is by one of the most severe disease of central nervous system. Agent of this disease is tick-borne encephalitis virus, which is transmitted mainly by tick. Clinical picture of TBE is considerably different and varied in individuals - from quite infection without symptoms up to severe cerebro-spinal meningitis, in such cases attacked persons by this virus leave hospital with whole-life handicap. We can prevent this disease by inoculation. We can see it in the neighboring Austria, where TBE almost became extinct because 90% of population is vaccinated. Vaccines are commercially available from 1979. Nevertheless only 17% population is vaccinated against TBEV. The reason for it could be fact that insurance companies do not provide the vaccines as well as not very effective health education. One of possibilities how we can this tendency reverse would be higher awareness of pupils at schools. In school educational programs there is contained prevention of viral disease, especially in general biology, biology of viruses and education to health.
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Tick-borne encephalitis - from pathogenesis to therapy
PALUS, Martin
The proposed thesis contributes to the knowledge about tick-borne encephalitis and its pathogenesis. The thesis describes pathogenesis and immunopathogenesis of tick-borne encephalitis, impact of host's genotype in clinical course determination, immune response of patients with acute tick-borne encephalitis, the mechanism of tick-borne encephalitis virus migration into central nervous system and virus interaction with cells of neurovascular unit as well as potential medical interventions.
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Tick-borne encephalitis - life with the consequences
ŠTIBINGEROVÁ, Jana
This thesis charts the course of the tick-borne encephalitis since the beginning to the eventual consequences that the illness had left and that the patient must live with. Ixodes ricinus, tiny parasites carrying the disease called encephalitis, is no longer present only in the wild, but also in city parks or in our gardens. Every year, many cases of this disease occur across groups of all ages. It is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system caused by viruses. Disease is usually divided into two phases, where the first stage is similar to spring-summer influenza with different length of quiescent phase, in the second stage exacerbation occurs. At this stage, the patient is struggling with high temperatures, headaches, severe pain in muscles and joints, vomiting and disorders of consciousness. Correct diagnosis is specified after sampling of cerebrospinal fluid through a lumbar puncture. Patients with confirmed tick-borne encephalitis are hospitalized in isolation wards, not because of the spread of the disease, but for the experience of doctors. Here they are isolated in the rooms, which can have a detrimental effect on their psyche. Treatment follows after discharge from the hospital, and often takes several months. The aim of this study was to map the progression of the disease from its beginning, through time spent in a hospital bed, followed by home recovery up to the present. A very important part in the return-to-health process has the nurse, and therefore this paper tries to describe her role in treatment of patients with tick-borne encephalitis. Given that there exists a specific prevention in form of vaccination, the next objective was to verify the vaccination on samples of the population in the Česke Budějovice and Gmünd, Austria, and to compare these two groups of respondents. The survey of the thesis was carried out from August 2015 to April 2016 using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative data were collected through semi-standardized interviews with nine respondents, who were recruited through social networks with the help of gatekeepers. Quantitative data was collected via short survey distributed in Česke Budějovice and Gmünd, Austria. The results of the qualitative part were processed through coding and compiling of diagrams, from which the answers of individual respondents can be deducted. Evident is the whole course of the disease from the beginning up to the present. Data from the quantitative section were arranged into tables and then statistically evaluated. Based on the results, the frequency of vaccination of specific groups can be compared and therefore campaigns on health protection against tick-borne encephalitis can be targeted effectively.
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Level of awareness and attitudes of parents to above-standard vaccination of children 0-3 years in Přibram.
PODLENOVÁ, Kateřina
This thesis is concerned with the level of parents´ awareness and attitudes to above-standard vaccination of children from 0-3 years in Příbram. Among the optional vaccination of children from 0-3 years belong vaccination against pneumococcal disease, rotavirus infections, meningococcal invasive disease (caused by meningococcal of group C, A+C, or A, C, W 135 and Y, now also of group B), tick-borne encephalitis, varicella smallpox, influenza and hepatitis A (or a combination of type A + B). The first part deals with the issue in a theoretical perspective. It foreshadows the basic characteristics of the diseases against which the premium vaccination of children from 0-3 years is offered. Further it is focused on vaccines against these diseases, which can occur in the Czech Republic. The survey is summarized in the research. There were parents of children attending one of the 12 kindergartens in Příbram in the sample of the research. tely 40% of the parents (or mothers) of these children in each kindergarten.The results were summarized in schedules of absolute and relative frequencies, or graphs. It was set three basic goals that were met with five hypotheses. The first of these was to monitor the attitudes of parents to above-standard vaccination of children from 0-3 years in Příbram. To this target relate hypothesis H1: Parents are interested in above-standard vaccination of children from 0-3 years in Příbram, H2: Parents with higher educational level have significantly higher interest in above-standard vaccination of children from 0-3 years and H3: Parents are statistically significantly more interested in vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis than other extra vaccination of children from 0-3 years, due to an endemic area of tick-borne encephalitis in Příbram. These hypotheses were not confirmed statistically. The second aim investigated the main reason for the possible lack of interest in extra vaccination of children from 0-3 years in Příbram. The target was filled with hypothesis H4: The main reason for the possible lack of parents´ interest in extra vaccination of children from 0-3 years is high price of vaccines, which was statistically refuted. The third goal was to explore parents' knowledge about diseases against which the extra vaccination of children from 0-3 years is offered. To this goal was set the hypothesis H5: Parents have sufficient information about the diseases against which the extra vaccination of children from 0-3 years is offered. This hypothesis was confirmed. The hypotheses were verified by ?chi-square? test at a significance level of 5%, which is an instrument of verification or falsification of hypotheses. This work may be used in practice as a preview to the parents´ awareness and interest in extra vaccination of children from 0-3 years. As well as cumulative information materials for professionals and the public about the above-standard vaccination of children from 0-3 years.
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Infectious diseases transmitted by arthropods
NOVÁKOVÁ, Petra
This thesis deals with infectious diseases transmitted by arthropods in the Czech Republic in period of 2002 - 2011. Meeting the objectives and answer the research questions, I managed using secondary analysis of reported cases infectious diseases transmitted by arthropods in the information system for reporting and recording of infectious diseases - EPIDAT and literature review and subsequent analysis of scientific articles. Important additional informations were provided by State Veterinary Institute in Prague and the National Reference Laboratory for arboviruses in Ostrava. Thesis does not deal with number of single values, but it is focused on epidemiological severity of analyzed cases, severity of clinical course and risk of introducing infection in the Czech Republic. Theoretical part of the thesis describes selected arboviruses infections. Tick-borne encephalitis is one of the most important diseases transmitted by arthropods in our surroundings. Number of reported cases of tick-borne encephalitis was quite constant in monitored period 2002 - 2011, according to my research and statistical verification. Highest morbidity was in 2006. The same year the highest incidence of disease Tick-borne encephalitic was reported in region of Vysočina. This number is far closer to number of reported cases in region of South Bohemia which was the most affected region thought the entire period. Prevention exists against tick-borne encephalitis. It is vaccination which is recommended for people staying in natural foci of infection in the Czech Republic and abroad. In the Czech republic becomes more important West Nile fever. Increased incidence of this disease is recorded in the USA, but also in many European countries (eg Greece, Hungary, Italy) in recent years. One of the goals of this thesis is to characterize the surveillance of West Nile fever in the Czech republic. Monitoring antibody titer against West Nile virus in the serum of horses is one of the basic elements of surveillance of this disease in our country. 5 samples of the blood serum was increased titers of antibodies to West Nile virus. Various geographic distribution of horses and high specific antibody titers indicate increasing activity of West Nile virus. Clinical disease of horses not being recorded in the Czech republic. In the field of human medicine have been reported three imported cases of West Nile fever. Other arboviruses infections, that appeared in our country, is dengue disease and viral disease Chikungunya. In the monitored period there were a total of 98 reported cases of imported disease. Most cases were imported from India. Three cases of Chikungunya disease were reported in 2006 in connection with a stay on the island of Mauritius, where was the epidemic at this time. People can travel freely and there is the risk of importing diseases from the tropics and subtropics. Some infections transmitted by arthropods are in areas where it was previously absent recently. Prevention is essential. Specific and non-specific prevention. Another important element of prevention is strict adherence to methods for surveillance of disease.Viral infections transmitted by arthropods are among the most important emergent infectious diseases. In addition to malaria, malnutrition and helminth infection are the largest public health problem, not only in third world countries.
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Presence of tick-borne encephalitis in Pribram district with its level of awareness and general attitude to vaccination against it in selected populations
KUCHAŘOVÁ, Eliška
Central European tick-borne encephalitis is a disease belonging to the group of zoonosis, which is transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus. It is an acute neuroinfection caused by the RNA virus that can seriously endanger people?s lives. Tick-borne encephalitis is one of the diseases typical for its natural pocket. The most common way of transmission onto a human being is by the bite of an infected tick. However, there have been cases where the contagion took place by consuming unpasteurized milk or dairy products. Although it is a disease which can be easily prevented, vaccination is still very low in our country. If we do not press people to improve this situation, we can expect frequency of tick-borne encephalities will be increased.
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