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Use of antimicrobial products of animal origin in cosmetics
Puškárová, Radka ; Bokrová, Jitka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The Bachelor thesis deals with characterization a whey in free and encapsulated form and its application to cosmetic industry. The theoretical part is focused on characterization of whey, especially on its antimicrobial properties, and use of this effect in selected cosmetics preparatives. Further, methods of encapsulation and particles characterization were described. In the experimental part, antimicrobial properties of whey were tested by two different methods. Whey was encapsulated into three different types of particles: liposomes, alginate and chitosan. Long-term colloid stability of particles during one and three weeks of storage in model conditions was tested. Further, particles were added into model skin creams. Long-term sedimentation stability of these emulsions was analyzed by analytical centrifuge.
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Acid whey utilization for beverage production
Šíša, Daniel ; Legarová, Veronika (advisor) ; Musilová, Šárka (referee)
Whey is a byproduct of cheese, curd and casein manufacture and as an excellent source of proteins, vitamins, minerals and lactose can be used in wide range of industrial production. If treated as waste material without further processing, it can have negative impact on the environment.
Main components of whey are water (93% of total volume), lactose (70 to 72% of dry matter), whey protein (8 to 10% solids), and minerals (12 to 15% solids). Of the minerals, most abundant are magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, potassium, sodium, zinc, and their salts which are passed to whey from milk. Predominantly represented vitamins are water-soluble vitamins (B1, B2, B12, B6, and C) from which the vitamins B2, B12 and C are bound to the whey proteins. The most abundant whey proteins are betalactoglobulin, alfa lactalbumin, GMP (glycomacropeptide), bovine serum albumin, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase. For each of these proteins have been demonstrated or at least implied, unique functional, nutritional or nutraceutical properties.
The aim of the thesis was to compile a literature review focused on the possibility of using whey from the production of cheese and curd as raw materials for the manufacture of various types of beverages and monitoring the effect of the addition of various flavor components and whey proteins on the sensory quality of the drink prepared from fresh sour whey.
The hypothesis of this work was that flavored whey drinks made from acid whey supplemented with whey protein have a higher sensory quality score than flavored drinks without the addition of whey protein and that whey drinks flavored with mango flavour are more acceptable by consumers they are able to mask undesirable off-tastes of sour whey better than flavor peaches, cherries and black currants.
In all specimens, the effect of 8 different recipes and flavors of peaches, cherries, mango and blackcurrant on the final sensory quality and acceptability to consumers was observed. It was found that the best rated drinks were of cherry and mango flavors. Beverages with the addition of mango juice were able to reliably mask natural off-taste of whey, which supports the hypothesis about the appropriateness of using this flavor. Drinks with peach flavor were evaluated to be of the worst senzory quality. As of the best sensory quality were evaluated drinks flavored with cherry flavor, which reached the best overall evaluation. In all variants of formulas was observed that drinks with added WPC achieved better overall evaluation than similar variations without addition of WPC. Statistically significant results of this finding, however, were observed only in the context of mango flavors.
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Vady sýrů
Tobolková, Klára
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to develop a literature search of the technology and microbial cheese defects. There are described the requirements for milk cheese production, dairy procedures and distribution of the individual defects in manufacture. Cheese defects can be divided into external and internal. The defects are reflected by changes flavour, aroma, color, but also by change shape, surface and texture. The microbiological defects caused by the yeast, mold and bacteria. Cheese defects are produced in the most inappropriate quality of the processed milk, non technological process, the inappropriate storage and distribution of the finished product.
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Comparison of microbial metabolic production from waste and powder whey
Elefantová, Petra ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Babák, Libor (advisor)
The master’s thesis discusses the comparison of microbial metabolic production from waste and powder whey. Whey is obtained as a by-product of cheese production. Lactose (preferably whey) using lactic acid bacteria (eg. Lactobacillus) under suitable temperature conditions is converted to lactic acid. Effect of temperature, effect of salts and effect of yeast extract on lactic acid production by L. casei were investigated. HPLC metod was determined lactid acid. In the practical part were used bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus. It was found that for dried and waste whey is the optimal temperature of 35 °C. At this temperature is the greatest gain of lactic acid. The highest concentration of lactic acid was obtained by using 20 g of yeast extract for dried whey and for waste whey were used 24 g of yeast extract. When monitoring the effect of salt concentration on the production of lactic acid, it was found that using only MnSO4·H2O gain most of lactic acid.
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Selected bioengineering characteristics of lactic acid bacteria
Šťásková, Lucie ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Babák, Libor (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the growth of biomass and production of selected metabolit–lactic acid by thermophilic bacteria Bacillus coagulans. The resulting selected metabolite was determined by HPLC method. Cultivations of this genus were performed on synthetic media, where the influence of carbohydrate used as carbon source was tested. Lactose was more suitable fot growth of biomass and glucose for production of lactic acid. On natural whey media the influence of different conditions were tested. The highest yields of biomass and production of lactic acid were observed on enriched whey medium. The last part deals with comparing the production of biomass and metabolites, depending on the volume of media. There were compared selected bioengineering characteristics of all cultivations.
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Whey utilization with thermophilic microorganisms
Rychová, Alexandra ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Babák, Libor (advisor)
This diploma thesis studies the utilization of whey using thermophilic bacteria of the genus Thermus and Geobacillus. The whey stripped off proteins was used as a cultivation medium during experiments. The cultivation took place in the Erlenmeyer flasks, to assess the optimal conditions for microrganism’s growth. During the cultivation in the bioreactor, growth curves were established. The amount of whey utilization was assessed by analytical methods that determine the concentration of reducing saccharides (lactose) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) while studying the optimal conditions and a method determining the concentration of reducing saccharides during growth curves analysis.
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Preparation of selected microbial metabolites from waste materials
Jechová, Iva ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Babák, Libor (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the biodegradation of whey on selected microbial products (carbohydrates, lactic acid, acetic acid and ethanol) thermophilic bacteria of genus Thermus aquaticus and mesophilic bacteria of genus Lactobacillus casei and Bacillus coagulans. For cultivation was used as medium whey, from which the proteins were removed and which was enriched with nutrients. On the basis of culture in the fermentor were determined growth curve and the HPLC method were determined individual bioremediation products.
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Study of Whey Biodegradation by thermophilic Bacteria
Fischerová, Lenka ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Babák, Libor (advisor)
This thesis deals with the possibilities of biodegradation of whey by the means of a mixed thermophilic aerobic bacterial culture of the Bacillus and Thermus genera. After protein had been removed, the whey was used as a medium for cultivation of the thermophilic microorganisms. The cultivations took their course in a fermentation unit and in the Erlenmayer flasks in a heated shaker in a whey medium. The bioengineering characteristics of the cultivation processes and the degree of biodegradation of the whey were evaluated. Scale of the whey biodegration was judged through the analytical characteristics – concentration of biomass, laktose and a chemical oxygen demand (COD). A decrease of CHSK was detected in all cultivations. Maximal reduction of CHSK was happend always in c. first half of each exponential phase growt, i.e. about 15 ± 3 % after first growth phase and sumarily about 62 ± 4 % after second growth phase.
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Application of thermophilic Culture for Organic Compounds Biodegradation
Piechová, Jana ; Burdychová, Radka (referee) ; Babák, Libor (advisor)
The aim of this work is focused on biodegradability study of modified polyurethane materials (foams and foils) in glukose medium and biodegradation of whey. The biodegradability was tested with using mixed thermophilic aerobic bacterial culture of the Bacillus and Thermus genera. The cultivations were practised in the fermentor and in Erlenmayer flasks in a heated shaker. Maximal reduction of COD and culture growth has been achieved by biodegradation of polyuretane in the fermentor. Main effect of degradation was abiotic destruction of PUR materials and consequent utilization of degradation products by bacterial culture. These tests indicated that the best modification agent for biodegradation was 10% carboxymethyl cellulose. The polyurethane foam was more decomposed then the polyurethane foil. Biodegradation of whey without proteins in the fermentor was detected decrease of CHSK and lactose concentration about 50 % in 20th hour. Optimal conditions for whey biodegradation with the thermophilic bacterial culture were pH 6,5 and temperature 60 °C.
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Monitoring of thermophilic organism in evaporation systems
VÁLKOVÁ, Michaela
Study deals with the determination of thermophilic and heat-resistant microorganisms in samples of skim milk. Furthermore, the problems of determining the thermophilic microorganisms in samples of whey. The most important microorganisms causing spoilage of milk and dairy products include certain species of the genera Bacillus and Clostridium. Thermophilic microorganisms have optimum growth temperature between 55 and 60 ° C. Removed material (skimmed milk and whey) was plated onto agar GTK and cultured in an incubator for 3 days at 55 ° C. Heat resistant microorganisms are characterized by resistance to heat. Prior to inoculation was necessary to inactivate other microorganisms by pasteurizing milk (85 ° C, 10 minutes). The inoculated Petri's dishes were cultured for 3 days at 55 ° C. Analysing removed material, it was found that the number of thermophilic micro-organisms in samples of skim milk does not exceed an internal limit the value of 3000 colonies per 1 ml or a gram of product (value determined Southbohemian dairy Madeta a.s.). The number of heat-resistant microorganisms has not exceeded the limit value of 2000 micro-organisms per 1 milliliter or gram. The resulting numbers of thermophilic microorganisms in samples of whey were almost identical to the results provided by Madeta a.s. factory Plana nad Luznici. The results show that after the introduction of new sanitary measures numbers of thermophilic and heat-resistant microorganisms fell sharply.
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