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The database of waste incinerators in Europe
Šaldová, Lenka ; Ručka,, Jan (referee) ; Hluštík, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to describe modern technological processing lines MSW incinerators. Describe individual objects and their links with the principle of thermal combustion. Processes described in the process line will be: waste reception, storage and waste materials, waste pretreatment, loading of waste into the process, thermal treatment of waste, energy utilization and conversion, gas cleaning, disposal of residues from flue gas cleaning, gas discharge, monitoring and control emissions , cleaning and inspection of wastewater treatment and disposal of ash (kiln ash), discharge (disposal) of solid residues. In the second part of this database will be set up incinerators occurring in Europe with basic information (address, website, kiln type, number of lines, the amount of waste incinerated, etc.). The developed database will be created graphs for better clarity and comparison. The database will be accompanied by the emission requirements of individual countries according to the applicable domestic and European legislation.
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Rheological behaviour of alkali-activated aluminosilicates
Ševčík, Marek ; Vyšvařil, Martin (referee) ; Rovnaník, Pavel (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on rheological properties of alkali activated materials, the main focus is on rheological behavior of geopolymers. The theoretical part describes the most commonly used materials for the preparation of geopolymers. Further, described rheology in general and rheological properties are described, types of behavior of substances and differences between rheological properties of different types of aluminosilicates are explained. In the experimental part, mechanical properties of geopolymer pastes based on metakaolin and fly ash with different silicate moduli of alkaline activator – water glass were investigated. For these materials, rheometric measurements and rheological behavior were also performed.
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Floor systems based on secondary raw materials from power industry
Kalina, Martin ; Švec, Jiří (referee) ; Opravil, Tomáš (advisor)
This thesis deals with the possibility of using secondary raw materials from the energy industry especially the solid residues of high temperature combustion of coal. These materials should be now seen as a material with wide usage especially in the construction industry. One possibility of their usage is a replacement of binding parts in floor systems. The aim is to find the optimal composition of the mixture, which fits all the technical requirements and at the same time reduces the cost of its production. An advanced methods of powder X-ray diffraction analysis, particle size laser diffraction analysis and X-ray fluorescence analysis were used to determine the raw materials. Based on these analysis the experiments were designed focusing on the mechanical properties, the observation of the evolution of hydration’s heat in prepared mixtures and their time of setting and hardening.
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Effect of activator nature on rheology and surface chemistry of alkali-activated slag
Russkykh, Kostyantyn ; Smilek, Jiří (referee) ; Bílek, Vlastimil (advisor)
V této závěrečné práci bylo popsáno časné reologické chování alkalicky aktivované strusky, anorganického materiálu, který vzniká aktivací mleté granulované vysokopecní strusky alkalickým roztokem. Vliv typu aktivačního roztoku (hydroxidů, křemičitanů a uhličitanů) a jeho koncentrace na časné reologické parametry byl zkoumán pomocí amplitudových oscilačních měření. Bylo pozorováno, že typ aktivátoru je hlavním faktorem ovlivňujícím reologické chování alkalicky aktivované strusky. Dále bylo pozorováno, že aktivátory na bázi draslíku vedou ke slabší struktuře (nižší mez kluzu, mez toku a nižší hodnoty viskoelastických modulů) oproti použití aktivátorů na bázi sodíku. To lze vysvětlit rozdíly ve velikosti alkalických iontů. Na rozdíl od ostatních aktivátorů křemičitany způsobovaly zvýšení ztrátového faktoru, přičemž vykazovaly spíše kapalné chování. Z výsledků vyplynulo, že většina aktivátorů má tzv. kritickou hodnotu koncentrace, po jejímž dosažení mají reologické vlastnosti vzorků tendenci se měnit s rostoucí koncentrací. Získané výsledky korelovaly s výstupy zeta potenciálu.
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Boards with alkali activated binder filled with wood chips
Gajdušková, Patricie ; Vacula, Miroslav (referee) ; Bydžovský, Jiří (advisor)
For the production of cement chipboards, cement is used as a binder which is an ecological burden for our planet. This diploma thesis deals with research into the possibility of replacing it with other alternative materials, especially those that are created as a by-product of other production. The focus is primarily on slag, heating plant slag or brick dust. The theoretical part deals with the previous studies and theoretical knowledge of alkaline-activated matrices which are supplemented with an organic binder such as wood chips which are used to reinforce the boards. The practical part deals with the above-mentioned alternative materials which are tested for the design of recipes for modified boards made of alkali-activated binder reinforced with chips. These modified recipes are subsequently subjected to physical-mechanical tests such as bending strength, modulus of elasticity and other monitored parameters of the boards. Selected board variants were analysed in terms of mineralogical composition and microstructure.
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Binary alkali-activated composite materials with brick powder
Mizerová, Cecílie ; Bayer, Patrik (referee) ; Rovnaník, Pavel (advisor)
The thesis is focused on the application of brick powder in production of binary alkali-activated binders with metakaolin, slag and fly ash. The theoretical part summarizes recent fields of use of the ceramic waste in construction and binder industry and prerequisite properties of the brick powder for alkaline activation. Brick powder based geopolymers made in the experimental work were tested for their mechanical properties, porosity and microstructure, flow properties of the fresh geopolymers were evaluated by rheometric measurements. In accordance with the results it can be concluded that brick powder could be a suitable precursor for blended binders with metakaolin and slag, these samples exhibited good mechanical properties and microstructure characteristics. The combination with fly ash was less applicable due to a rapid setting, hardening retarder used in these binders caused significant deterioration of the mechanical properties of the material.
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The development of composites based on inorganic binders designed for the extreme applications
Janoušek, Petr ; Šácha, Libor (referee) ; Dufka, Amos (advisor)
The topic of this master's thesis is the development of composite materials based on inorganic binders for use in extreme conditions. It means especially geopolymeric or alkali activated materials (AAM) based composites. The theoretical part of this thesis summarizes knowledges about the development and use of alkali-activated materials, their structure and mechanisms of their formation. It also deals with the applicable raw materials for AAM and their exciters, which are in particular water glass and sodium hydroxide. There also have been a summary of the effects of high temperatures and chemicals on the mechanical properties of AAM and the requirements of standard EN 1504-3 for repairing materials. The task of the practical part was to develop a repair mortar for concrete structures based on AAM so that its production was as simple as possible, ie one-component materials. Gradually six recipes have been develeoped. Test specimens made from these recipes have been putted to selected tests according to the requirements of ČSN EN 1504-3.
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Change in the durability of concrete made of recycled concrete by alternative addition of ceramic admixtures
Stavař, Tomáš ; Hoffmann, Oldřich (referee) ; Stehlík, Michal (advisor)
The master thesis dealing with problematic about durability of concrete, with use of recycled concrete and addition of silica additions. Predominant for resistance of concrete constructions is surface layer, through which aggressive gasses and liquids penetrate from surrounding environment. The most important indicator of concrete durability is ability of surface layer transmissions of aggressive substants. In experimental part will be defined the actual state of surface layer by normal testing methods. The transmissions of surface layer will be tested on concrete cubes. Tests for transmissions of air (method TORRENT), of water (method ISAT), of acid gases (dept of carbonation by quick test in 98% CO2) will be carried out and also strength tests. Assessment of positive or negative influence of additions and amount of cement on durability and mechanical properties of concrete will be discussed in conclusion.
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Comprehensive flooring system for extreme exposure conditions
Šlancar, Jakub ; Bydžovský, Jiří (referee) ; Drochytka, Rostislav (advisor)
This thesis purposes a solution in form of a high resistance coating reaching a minimum compressive strength of 80 MPa in combination with a adhesive bonding compound and with other additive modifying resulting properties. Furthermore, this thesis is concerned with current state of the floor market and focuses especially on those floors used in extreme conditions, such as heavy manufacturing. Furthermore, The basic testing of this method is also included in this thesis.
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Testing ways of use of secondary raw materials replacing naturals aggregate.
Vašek, Tomáš ; Holák, Michal (referee) ; Hela, Rudolf (advisor)
Master's thesis consists of two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical section are listed basic information about alternative aggregates used for concrete mixture, like polystyrene, cinder and recycled concrete. Further, the influence of these alternative aggregates, used as secondary raw materials, on the behaviour and properties of fresh respectively hardened concrete. Possibilities of application concrete containing secondary raw materials are mentioned. In the practical part are experimentally verified physical and mechanical properties of concrete containing crushed waste polystyrene beads, furthermore thermal insulation properties and resistance to elevated temperatures is tested. Influence of heating plant cinder powder as active addition to concrete mixture was tested. As a next is prepared concrete with replacement of coarse aggregate by cinder and recycled concrete and tested. The influence of these secondary raw materials on workability, compressive strength, frost resistance and water permeability of concrete is also defined. The last part of research is focused on recycled concrete such as main material used in mixture of aggregates bonded with cement, dispose for base layers in roads. In conclusion are discussed results from experimental research and summary of knowledge’s about using polystyrene, cinder and recycled concrete as aggregates for concrete mixtures.
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