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Seed germination of selected crops after low-temperature treatment
PETRÁŠKOVÁ, Kamila
The influence of low-temperature plasma on the different seeds is currently one of the most used techniques in agriculture. The aim of my bachelor thesis is to monitor and evaluate the effect of low-temperature plasma on the seeds of maize sow (Zea mays L.) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. napus), particularly on the germination of the seeds, germination rate and germination energy. These characteristics were measured by germination tests and they are expressed as a percentage. The submitted thesis informs whether the stimulation of the seeds by plasma affects these plants and if so, whether the influence is positive or negative.
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Ecophysiological relevance of extreme sensitivity of orchids to nitrates
Figura, Tomáš ; Ponert, Jan (advisor) ; Tylová, Edita (referee)
Many orchid species are seriously endangered at present. Reasons for their disappearing from natural habitats remain often unclear. Orchids depend on mycorrhizal symbiosis in nature, however only little is known about this symbiosis. Seeds of some species do not germinate in vitro, making their cultivation for scientific and rescue purposes impossible. We found that seed germination of one of such reluctant species, Pseudorchis albida, is strongly inhibited by nitrates even at extremely low concentrations. As this species prefers oligotrophic mountain meadows, nitrate-induced inhibition probably take place in natural conditions. Surprisingly, we found similar but slightly weaker inhibitory effect also in typical mesophillic species and even in slightly eutrophic ones. The sensitivity to nitrates correlates with trophy level of species canopy. This inhibitory effect of nitrates could be weakened by application of a range of growth regulators, including auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins, and also by mycorrhizal fungi. The action of nitratereductase is essential for this inhibitory effect of nitrates. Experiments with NO donors, scavengers, and NO quantification are pointing right at NO as compound which perhaps mediates nitrate inhibitory effect. Based on these results, the nitrate inhibitory...
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Inquiry methods in educational area Man and his world: Seeds, fruit and young plants
Nikrýnová, Alena ; Stará, Jana (advisor) ; Straková, Jana (referee)
This diploma work deals with the issues of inquiry methods of teaching at primary schools. The theoretical part provides some reflections on contributions and limits of inquiry methods and defines basic inquiry skills. Activities concerning the theme "seeds, fruit, young plants" for the pupils of the 1.-4.grade are suggested in the practical part. Nine of them were tried out in classes. The results of the action research are summarized in the conclusion. They are related to these research questions: 1. How to adjust inquiry activities in a suitable way for their use in the given classes at primary schools? 2. How do children react to this work style? 3. What demands does this work style make on teachers? 4. What problems concerning partial inquiry skills could emerge? How to continue working at them?
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Cemical composition of hemp (\kur{Cannabis sativa}) and possibilities of its utilization as animal feed
NĚMCOVÁ, Michaela
Cannabis sativa L. is an annual cultural plant used from ancient times up to the present in many spheres of the human life. The aim of this bachelor study was to summarize on the basis of literature sources the information about chemical composition of the hemp seed (basic composition, content of amino acids, fiber, vitamins and specific substances, etc.), genetic variability in the substances content, and possibilities of utilization of the hemp seed and also plant residues as feed. Feeding hemp seeds to poultry increases egg production and enriches egg yolk with carotenoids, - 3 and - 6 fatty acids and decreases the cholesterol content. In case of broilers, hemp seeds increases the weight of the breasts, thighs, liver, stomach, intestines and the portion of abdominal fat. Hemp seed cakes have a positive effect on rumen function, support reception of neutral detergent fiber and increases the unsaturated fatty acids content in the meat. Hemp oil relieves stress and improves immunity of the fed animals.
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Ant food preferences (Formica genus) on the seeds with elaiosomes
ENGLICKÝ, Tomáš
The topic of the presented bachelor thesis is the determination of the ants g. Formica preference for specific seeds with elaiosomes. The ant dispersion of the seeds with elaiosomes is called myrmecochory. The theoretical part of this thesis describes the myrmecochory phenomenon in the context of the seed dispersal. The conclusion of the theoretical part evaluates considerable benefit of myrmecochory for ants and plants despite its disadvantages. The practical part of this thesis describes the experiment held with the intention to determine the preferences of the ants. The seeds with elaiosomes from five experimental plants were presented to the ants from two experimental anthills. Obtained data were processed into tables and graphs and subsequently evaluated. The results show that the ants prefer certain types of seeds. The cause for this preference is discussed.
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Quality of cereal seed in the Czech Republic
BENKOVÁ, Ludmila
High quality multiplication material is created directly on a field. It's always about relation between seed and environment which is influenced by farmer. Within the Czech Republic the samples of certified cereal seeds were taken from the representative farmers, farm cooperatives and agricultural companies. After that they were subsequently analysed. The whole mentioned seed samples of the year 2013 comply with the legislative requirements. The term "seed quality" is often perceived as a subjective matter. Via questionnaire miniresearch it was found out how growers perceive offer and certified seed quality. At the same time the analyse of the actual certified organic seed need in the Czech Republic was carried out according to the given data of Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture. The results doesn't correspond to the real cereal organic seed offer. The present situation in certified seed quality and organic seed offer represents an appeal for improvement and the future necessary amendment to the low.
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Effect of various plasma sources on seed growth. Laboratory experimen in Buckwheat
Šerá, Božena ; Gajdová, Iveta ; Čermák, M. ; Gavril, B. ; Hnatiuc, E. ; Kováčik, D. ; Kříha, V. ; Sláma, J. ; Šerý, M. ; Špatenka, P.
Germination and early growth of buckwheat (Fagopyrum aesculentum) after low-temperature plasma discharge treatment in air gas generated in various apparatus were tested. Three pretreatment times were used: 180 s, 300 s and 600 s. Number of germinating achene, length and weight of sprouts were measured. The data was analysed with two-way ANOVA. A significant influence of the type of plasma apparatus, time of exposure and combination of both factors were found. The positive effect on germination and early growth was observed after application of GlidArc plasma. The opposite effect of PDBV apparatus, which is characterized by plasma with a high power density, was observed. Shorter pre-treatment times for this apparatus must be therefore used.
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Positive influence of humate on the growth of selected plant species
Šerá, Božena ; Novák, František ; Gajdová, Iveta
Stimulatory effect of humic and fulvic acids extracted from local sources of peat (the origin of CR) on germination and early growth of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), poppy (Papaver somniferum L.), pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and rape (Brassica napus subsp. napus) was verified. Experiments were performed in standard laboratory conditions. Dry weight of sprout was determined. Obtained data were evaluated by the ANOVA test. Tested plants can be arranged in the order from the significant positive effect on the dry weight to the negative one as follows: hemp, poppy, pepper, rape.
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Populační dynamika ruderálních druhů ve vztahu k limitujícím podmínkám prostředí
Modrý, Martin ; Tenčík, Aleš ; Hofmeister, Jeňýk ; Hošek, Jan
Hlavním cílem projektu je identifikace a ocenění významu hlavních podmínek pro rozvoj expanzních druhů rostlin náročných na živiny v lesní vegetaci. Téma je rozděleno do dílčích částí: a) analýza vegetace modelových ploch a její interpretace zaměřená na expanzní druhy, ustupující druhy, indikačně významné druhy, b) stanovení zásoby živých semen v půdě (analýza semenné banky), c) analýza intenzity deště semen, d) stanovení obsahu hlavních živin a organického uhlíku v půdě, event. pomocných půdních charakteristik, e) popis světelných poměrů stanoviště, především kvantifikace celkového světelného požitku a spektrálních poměrů významných pro klíčení semen, f) popis významných spolupůsobících faktorů (vlhkostní poměry, poměry řídící akumulaci opadu, mikro a mezomorfologie stanoviště, spouštěcí faktorys - mechanické disturbance apod.), g) formulace zásad hospodaření podporující zachování biodiverzity na vybraných lokalitách.
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