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The effect of soil successional development in spoil heap on plant germination and growth
Pavlíčková, Hana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Previous field research show, that late successional species correspond with soil development, especially with organomineral A horizon developing. Aim of my thesis was to compare plant growth on different types of soil from spoil heaps. They were taken from three chronosequencies of different age - nonrecultivated and soils recultivated with planting of alder (Alnus) and spruce (Picea). In my research were used 7 types of plants - Arrhenatherum elatius, Centaureae jacea, Festuca rubra, Lychnis flos-cuculi, Lotus corniculatus, Plantago major, Trifolium medium. Spontaneous sites support more species than reclaimed ones this difference increase with plot age without distinct difference between early and late succession species. Key words Succession, recultivation, germination alder (Alnus), spruce (Picea), Arrhenatherum, Centaureae, Festuca, Lychnis, Lotus, Plantago, Trifolium.
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Factors influencing the distribution of European Beech (Fagus silvatica) on the post mining spoil heap
Vobořilová, Veronika ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (referee)
In this thesis the influence of existing vegetation, the distance from the north border of the spoil heap, animal grazing, terrain bumpiness, and soil pH on the distribution and rooting of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica) at spoil heap Velká podkrušnohorská výsypka (50ř14'09 N, 12ř39'05 E) was examined. To accomplish this, beech seedlings within chosen areas overgrown by spontaneous succession or alder restoration were mapped using GPS. A rooting position on the wave-like terrain was recorded for a proportion of the total number of seedlings. Soil pH was also measured on the wave-like terrain. The majority of seedlings (183) were found at the succession sites; only one seedling was found in the alder restoration site. The GLM analysis proved significantly more seedlings in succession sites compared to alder restoration sites (p = 0.0169) and the negative dependence on distance from the north border of the heap (p < 0.0001). Within the wave-like terrain, 46% of seedlings were growing on the north slopes. In 2009, small seedlings were planted into the fresh restoration site and the adjacent succession site, in both cases inside the fencing and outside of it. The seedlings were growing significantly better in the succession site compared to the restoration site, and they were growing better inside the...
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Vegetation succession and soil development on heaps from brown coal mining
Veselý, Martin ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
Plant diversity and selected soil parameters from 36 sites placed on brown coal mining spoil heaps were analyzed and compared. Spontaneously revegetated or technically reclaimed spoil heaps of different age were situated in brown coal mining district of eastern Most basin in north western part of the Czech republic. Samples were sorted in groups according to vegetation growth and type. Plant diversity increases during succession development and is higher on non-reclaimed sites than reclaimed sites, where diversity decreases with time. Soil bulk density decreases during succession on all sites. Soil pH is decreasing too and this process is faster on spontaneously revegetated sites. Old successional forest type sites have very acid soils probably due to properties of original mineral matrix. Thickness of organic horizon and A horizon is increasing during succession and they appear in mid-aged sites first. Content of soil organic carbon is increasing continuously. Non-reclaimed sites reach higher contents, mainly because of higher content of fossil organic matter in spoil mineral matrix. Keywords: vegetation succession, soil development, reclamation, brown coal mining heaps
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Factors affecting succession in abandoned mines
Valoušková, Martina ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Püschel, David (referee)
Extraction of limestone in protected landscape areas is a huge phenomenon and problem at the moment. Need of its quantity and quality constantly rise. The pressure to expand mining areas, which are located on places with considerable landscape and culture wealth, is rising as well. Returning of damaged territories back to natural cycle from which they have been forcibly extracted is even a bigger problem. The great unknown is whether it is better to proceed by means of reclamation or let the territory to its own evolution - spontaneous succession. In my thesis I am going to deal with the problems of spontaneous succession and factors affecting it. It is important to find out how plants can spread to left and open areas after mining, where they are going to be the first inhabitants. The fieldwork take place Cerinka quarry in Czech Karst. The aim of the study is to collect informations how plants can spread from maternal habitats and try to find out if there are any hurdles, which could hinder plants in the expansion. By doing this it should be possible to identify why how to support spreading of the target species to the site. The research is based on regular collection of phytosociological relevés at the site. Key words: spontaneous succession, quarries, Czech karst, mining, reclamation, factors
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The influence of the dominant trees and grain substrate the composition of the microbial community studied by PLFA
Stachová, Sandra ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Heděnec, Petr (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to analyze soil microbial communities of three ecologically different locations, about 25 years old, forestry reclaimed dumps in the Republic of Poland, namely dumps of brown coal mine Bełchatów and sand mines Piaseczno and Szczakowa. I evaluated the degree of dependence of structure and composition of these communities on various substrate grain sizes and the influence of the dominant tree species. These were stands of birch (Betula pendula), pine (Pinus silvestris), oak (Quercus robur) and alder (Alnus glutinosa). Analysis of soil microbial communities was made by evaluating specific phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) of microorganisms. It is the most appropriate way to implement the relatively rapid analysis of large numbers of samples, since PLFA are easily extractable and act as biomarkers indicating the presence of a number of different microorganisms (fungi, G- and G + bacteria, Actinobacteria, etc.) and thus allowing a qualitative and quantitative assessment of whole microbial communities. PLFA analysis enables to detect a total concentration of PLFA only in living soil microbial biomass. I analyzed 66 soil samples, 33 from an Oe layer and 33 from an A layer, every in three replications, i.e. three replications were collected at each location below each tree...
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Spoil heap heterogenity and its effect on vegetation
Pochmanová, Pavla ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Vojta, Jaroslav (referee)
One of the major industrial activities in North West Bohemia is brown coal mining. Mines and heaps originated during the mining process represent main elements of adverse changes in the local landscape. They are causes of changes of all subsystems of landscape, soil and mineral environment, water situation, atmosphere, etc. Subsequent recovering of these impacts of mining activities is not easy in terms of technology or time. Reclamation engages in such activities. Its aim is to restore production function of land and to create a balanced, aesthetically, naturally and hygienically valuable landscape. This thesis deals with the development of mining and descriptions of various methods of reclamation with regard to the heterogeneity of reclaimed areas. In conclusion, own experiments carried on the surface of succession area "Radovesice XVII.B" are presented. Key words: succession, land reclamation, heaps tailings, mining activity and heterogenity
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Key factors in soil organic matter accumulation
Vindušková, Olga ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Borůvka, Luboš (referee) ; Šarapatka, Bořivoj (referee)
Soil organic matter (SOM) is highly important for soil quality and the global carbon cycle. SOM content is influenced by a complex interplay of many different factors such as time, climate, parent material, vegetation, and others. The effect of time is often studied using the chronosequence approach using a set of study sites differing in age but comparable in other soil-forming factors. The effect of other factors can be studied by comparing two or more chronosequences. An important assumption of these approaches is that the SOM quantification methods produce comparable results both among sites of each sequence and among different sequences. In this thesis, I explored the key factors in SOM accumulation and dealt with SOM quantification methods. I studied SOM accumulation in two model situations - in post-mining sites after open-cast coal and oil shale mining and in landslides in the Western Carpathians. The results of this thesis are summarized in one book chapter accepted for publication and four papers, out of which three have been published and one is prepared for publication in an international journal with impact factor. The key factor affecting the rate of SOM accumulation after a major disturbance is time. The accumulation rates found in the first 40 to 100 years in both post-mining sites...
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Soil water regime of reclaimed and unreclaimed post mining heaps
Cejpek, Jiří ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Moldan, Bedřich (referee) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee)
This PhD thesis compares the water regime of reclaimed and unreclaimed spoil heaps after brown coal mining, with special regard to the development of hydrological properties of soils, which are determinant for the movement and retention of water in the soil. The basic influence on the supply of soil water has the technology of pouring the spoil heaps and aging, which co-regulates the development of vegetation. During the development of soil's spoil heaps increases field water capacity and water retention, but also increases the wilting point. These changes are related to the accumulation of organic matter in the soil and the degradation of claystones to particle size of physical clay. The development of the ability of the spoil heaps soils to bind water is greater in reclaimed areas, where the upper organomineral horizon develops more rapidly, but there is also a wilting point and water consumption. On unreclaimed area, the soil substrate develops more slowly. Overall, the differences in water regime between reclaimed and unreclaimed areas are small.
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Comparison of the use of reclaimed areas in the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin for the needs of recreation and tourism
Peksová, Eliška ; Fialová, Dana (advisor) ; Boudný, Zdeněk (referee)
Comparison of the use of reclaimed areas in the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin for the needs of recreation and tourism Abstract Revitalization of industrial areas in the form of recultivation has been on the increase in the last several years. The recultivated sites are becoming significant regions for tourism. This bachelor`s thesis is a comparative study of recultivation projects in the North Bohemia brown coal mining region. The goal is to evaluate the recreational function of selected recultivation projects. Further determined were the types recultivation, area of the recultivated region, and the type of area utilization. Also, an analysis of web pages was made with the target of comparing promotion and engagement of the public and private sectors in the examined recultivation projects. The work evaluates activities of interest and attractions in the areas. The first part of the work includes a list of literature and terminology. Also described are the individual recultivation projects. In the last part, projects are evaluated within the framework of activities of interest and attractions and the importance for the tourism. Key words: reclamation, tourism, recreation, North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin
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