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"El sexenio de la guerra" : legitimization of Mexico's drug war in the presidential discourse of Felipe Calderón
Šára, Pavel ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
The gravity of the problem of drug trafficking in Mexico became clearly visible in the 1990s in connection with the political changes in the country and geopolitical transformations in the region. It became obvious that the drug cartels formed a key part of the system and of the everyday reality. Felipe Calderón, a new president from the PAN party elected in the disputed election of 2006, chose to dedicate his presidency to the fight against organized crime in order to regain legitimacy lost in the electoral process. His open confrontation strategy brought success at first, however, the praise it received was soon replaced by criticism. Negative consequences such as human rights abuses, militarization and ignorance of other problems of the society overcame any possible successes of the military campaign. During the six years of his presidency Calderón strived to obtain support for his strategy by using various legitimization strategies. The aim of the author of this thesis is to introduce some of the existing methods and to show how Mexico's Drug War was legitimized in the context of the strategies within the "call to arms" genre. The authors of these discourses tend to use four generic elements - appeals to a legitimate power source, appeals to history, construction of the "evil other" and calls for unity...
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Nuclear Iran Oversecuritized? The Politics of Benjamin Netanyahu's Speeches
Orossová, Eva ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis "Nuclear Iran Oversecuritized? The Politics of Benjamin Netanyahu's Speeches" is concerned with the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's speeches held in front of the UN, American Congress, Jewish lobby in the US AIPAC and foreign audience by several special occasions. It is based on the assumption that language is not only a neutral communication tool, but also a political tool serving the aim of achieving political goals. The aim of the thesis is to identify the linguistic tools of categorization, legitimization and securitization which Netanyahu used in order to persuade the international audience about the imminence and existential character of the threat posed by Iranian nuclear programme, and finally to achieve its elimination or at least tough punishment for Iranian non-compliance. Moreover, the thesis provides the reader with the overall context, namely the effect of Netanyahu's speeches, the nature of Iranian nuclear programme and its consequences for the situation in the Middle East.
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Legitimization of Law by Jűrgen Habermas and Niklas Luhmann
Mucala, Václav ; Šamánek, Jan (advisor) ; Grznár, Miroslav (referee)
This article is comparation of sociological theories of Niklas Luhmann and Jürgen Habermas, specifically by their relation to law and the way it acquires its justification in society. The key difference of both attitudes is result of different approaches to concepts of system. Jürgen Habermas holds concept of open system and it makes him to think about law as institutionalization of communicative racionality of lifeworld. Theory of Niklas Luhmann shifts to the concept of closed system an it characterizes las as institution which lives its own life normatively closed to social enviroment. Comparsion of both theories by legitimity of law leads us to ask about their relation to positivistic concepts and the concepts of natural law. We argue that sociology of Law presented by Jürgen Habermas has its similarities with natural law concepts and autopoietic law of Niklas Luhmann has much in common with legal positivism. In spite of both has different attitude to rationalization of law, they describe legitimization of law in terms of procedure. Finally we argue, that there is possibility to find common elements and that those theories can understand each other.
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The Rhethoric of Justification of Political Parties in South Africa
Bílá, Lucie ; Císař, Ondřej (advisor) ; Slačálek, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is mainly to make an analysis of political speeches and oficial documents of two South African political parties, National Party and Economic Freedom Fighters, with a discoursive analysis as a methodology. The focus of the thesis is on the discourse of justification which concentrates on justification of own existence and claim on representation. This claim on representation is then analysed with regards to a declared group which the party claims to represent and to which, at least, these politics are supposed to serve. The part of the analysis is also a matter of consistence of the rhetoric.
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Legitimation and professionalization of a Romani NGO in the Czech Repulic
Synková, Hana ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Uherek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Mušinka, Alexander (referee)
Legitimation and professionalization of a Romani NGO in the Czech Republic Hana Synková This PhD. thesis maps strategies of legitimation and survival of non-governmental organizations working with people that use to be categorized as "socially excluded" or "Roma". It attempts to answer the question: "What NGOs do to be able to look successful, gain resources, and create organizational reputation?" This work does not treat organizations as "things", but as processes and social networks influenced by state and European policies, funding mechanisms and internal competition. Despite the organizations being discursively divided into those preferring more ethnic or social definition of their clients, they have to cope with the same pressures in the shape of social services law, standards of quality or control systems that come with projects. Organizations are far from devoting their time to "work with clients"; they are also involved in enlarging social capital of their members and in production of "texts" that serve their legitimation claims towards control bodies, other organizations and public. In order to research these publicly less visible processes, the authoress uses methods of organizational anthropology - fieldwork inside organization and at many places which are contextually linked to the...
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Formation of new identity and symbols of the Czech society in 1989-1993 (Analysis in terms of the concept of civil religion)
Novotný, Josef ; Halík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lupták Burzová, Petra (referee)
The thesis tries to prove applicability of the concept "civil religion" to the Czech society. After presentation of the concept of civil religion originating from R. Bellah, civil society and legitimization (grounded in the ideas of J. Přibáň) the addresses of president V. Havel and the articles from the selected newspapers of that period are analysed. In 1989-1993 as the transformative and crisis period one can observe the debate about the necessity of creating a civil society, finding a way of legitimizing the new condition and creating a new collective identity. Focusing on the individual and the citizenship following from the analysed articles constitutes the societal fundaments; and in these fundaments, thanks to "civil religion", there are recognized the transcendent component and the universality that both convey unifying potential and can be presented in a particular form through myths.
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