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Effect of climate variation on species germination
Duongová, Thuy Lien ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kladivová, Anna (referee)
Climatic changes have been influencing plants since their colonization of land. Plants always find a way to adapt to these new changes. Also germination of seeds and seedling recruitment have been adapting to climate change. During the last 150 years the current global warming is changing the germinalibity of seeds, the timing of germination, the rate of germination and the seedling recruitment. This bachelor thesis summarizes results of studies on how climate change effects the germination of plants and the seedling recruitment. This work also presents methods used for studying these questions. Studies often focus on germinalibity, the rate of germination and the timing of germination. Some of the species are profiting from these changes and we can observe faster germination and better germinalibity. Reduction of germination occurs in other species and so their fitness is also reduced. The number of studies observing inter-specific variability in germination is greater than studies on intra-specific variability. In my future work I would thus like to focus on the effect of climate change on intra-specific variability in germination. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The effect of temperature on plant growth: teaching protocols of model experiments
Máhrlová, Zuzana ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Mourek, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on the creation of model tasks (by means of an experiment) for the study of biology at secondary schools and concerns the effects of temperature on plant growth. The selected tasks utilize the new didactic approach by means of the so called inquiry based education. This method of teaching contributes to the development of individual deduction reasoning and encourages the students to actively think about the subject matter. The thesis provides the necessary theoretical background for the topic together with the description of methods and material needed for the conducting the experiments. Furthermore, the thesis describes the necessary instructions and procedures to conduct the experiment and its use in the secondary school teaching practice and presents the requisite methodical guidelines and worksheets for them. Simultaneously, the thesis verifies the didactic applicability of the experiment and the worked out materials through a questionnaire survey and monitored application of the model tasks at secondary schools. The main result of this diploma thesis is a modern, functional and verified method of teaching for high school about the effects of temperature on plant growth in accordance with modern approaches to education, which include own experiments, their...
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The effect of soil successional development in spoil heap on plant germination and growth
Pavlíčková, Hana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Previous field research show, that late successional species correspond with soil development, especially with organomineral A horizon developing. Aim of my thesis was to compare plant growth on different types of soil from spoil heaps. They were taken from three chronosequencies of different age - nonrecultivated and soils recultivated with planting of alder (Alnus) and spruce (Picea). In my research were used 7 types of plants - Arrhenatherum elatius, Centaureae jacea, Festuca rubra, Lychnis flos-cuculi, Lotus corniculatus, Plantago major, Trifolium medium. Spontaneous sites support more species than reclaimed ones this difference increase with plot age without distinct difference between early and late succession species. Key words Succession, recultivation, germination alder (Alnus), spruce (Picea), Arrhenatherum, Centaureae, Festuca, Lychnis, Lotus, Plantago, Trifolium.
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Plant competition in the early ontogeny
Čiháková, Klára ; Weiser, Martin (advisor) ; Fendrych, Matyáš (referee)
Competitive impacts on early stages of plant ontogeny are being reviewed in this thesis. Those processes select for evolutionary or phenotypically plastic responses in timing of emergence, seed morphological properties, maternal effects and reaction on environmental cues. However, pattern of the strong selective pressure is sometimes not apparent, due to the lack of data and knowledge on the influence of the other factors in plant's life.
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Production yield of sorghum grown for biogas production
Adamčík, Jiří ; Pulkrábek, Josef (advisor) ; Vladimír, Vladimír (referee)
Low temperature during germination is a major limiting factor affecting growth of sugar sorghum in the Czech Republic. The aim of the study was to determine the ability of stimulated seeds germinate in slightly adverse conditions (less optimal temperatures) and evaluate the impact of biologically active compounds to faster germination of sorghum seeds and next plant growth. Two sorghum seed lots were treated by auxinous preparations Lexin and M Sunagreen. Germination was tested in germination chamber at temperatures 12, 15, 18 and 21 °C in the dark for 14 days. The results confirm stimulation of sugar sorghum seeds and increase of the germination speed at lower temperatures. Top acting biologically active agent (for faster germination) was Lexin. This product has a significant impact on increasing of the seed vigour. In less favorable conditions (12 ° C) application of Lexin increase germination speed of sorghum seeds by a full five days. Shortening of mean germination time was detected after M-Sunagreen application too. 25 cm row spacing on sorghum sugar and 50 cm on the grain sorghum were the best in our experiments. We have found that fertilizer Urea Stabil before sowing at a dose of 80 kg N.ha1 and then the same dose fertilization in stage BBCH 35 is preferred.
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Factors influencing seed development and maturation
Leová, Phuong Yen ; Pazderů, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hnilička, František (referee)
Cereals are the most common group of grown crops in the world. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most grown cereal in the Czech republic, represented almost in all growing areas and covers more than a quarter of arable land and over half of grain surfaces. This bachelors's thesis ,,Factors affecting seeds development and maturation" is a compilation based on scientific literature concerning environmental influcences on the development, maturation and germination of seeds. The thesis also describes the basic physiological processes such as germination and dormancy and knowledges about seed vitality and effects of phytohormones.
The main point of this thesis was to determine whether the arrangement of grains per spikelet affect their germination and other seed parametres. The thesis practically deals mainly with the seed germination in 30 ml and 20 ml of water. The experiment was created with the variety of winter wheat named Bohemia and new genotype of winter wheat called MRS or multi row spike.
Seeds were gained by manual scaling out of the spikes and categorized into fractions, according to the position of seed in a spikelet (i. e. first, seconad, third, fourth or fifth).
Seed tests were performed on the folded filter paper Hahnemühle in 30 ml and 20 ml of water. Germination took place at constatnt temperature of 20 °C in air - conditionted box. Measured values were germination percent, mean time of germination and germinating energy. Gained results were statistically evaluated.
Seeds were also analyse with the OmegAnalyzer G, where the point was to determine wheter the position of the grain spikelet affects the content of the seed (nitrogen, gluten, strach). Seed parametres were different not only depending on the position of the seed on the grain spikelet, but also on the variety and amount of water. Comparing the different categories of grains among themselves differences were found. Both in optimal and stress moisture conditions were registred the best results in the Bohemia breed. MRS wheat genotype fared significantly worse in both conditions. The highest average seed germination in 30 ml of water showed third grains of Bohemia breed, which also was the only one able to achieve 100% germination. First grains had the lowest average germination (94 %). MRS in 30 ml of water reached lower values than Bohemia breed. The highest average germination reached the first grains (94%), but neither one grain fraction MRS did not reach 100% germination. The worst levels of seed germination reached second and fifth grains (93%). In 20 ml of water had Bohemia breed lower average germination than average germination in 30 ml of water, even so it still achieved relatively high values. The highest average germination achieved first grains with 98% and the second grains showed the worst germination value (95%). The fastest average germinating had third and fourth grains, second grains had the slowest germination. In 20 ml of water fifth grains germinated the fastest, and also reached the highest germination (95%). Grains of the first fraction were the worst and ended with very low germination (88 %).
Fifth grains had the highest germination energy (90 %) fifth day in 20 ml of water. The lowest values, only 1 % were reached by the first and second grains third day. The fourth and fifth grains showed higher values of germination energy under stressful conditions than in optimal. The first and second grains conversly germinated faster in optimal conditions.
In experimental part of this bachelors's thesis was found that the position of the grains, its weight and size togehter with the different amout of water affects germination. Next the influence of the position of the grains on the grains content wasn't shown.
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Potential of brassinosteroids for forest seed management with regard to species utilizable as Christmas trees
Jílek, Jan ; Kuneš, Ivan (advisor) ; Olga, Olga (referee)
The aim of this work is to assess the effect of brassinosteroids on germination of selected forest tree species with a potential to be used for the production of Christmas trees.The synthetically prepared analog 24-epibrassinolide (was tested on germination of seeds of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Prior to launch of germination, the seeds were being soaked for 48 hours at three different concentrations of the tested brassinosteroid (BR-treatments) and in distilled water only (control), respectively. Seeds of each above-mentioned treatment were exposed to two alternative regimes: the stressed and unstressed one, respectively. In the stressed regime, seeds were exposed to a stress episode with temperatures up to 42 °C. In the unstressed regime the temperatures followed a pattern prescribed by Czech seed testing rules. Fully germinated seeds (the length of root radicle at least 4 times longer than the size of seed) were calculated. The root radicle length of each germinated seed was measured as well.The best results were recorded in the BR-treatment with the highest concentration of the tested brassinosteroid (0.4 mg.dm-3) in both germination regimes.
As contrasted to the control, the high concentration treatment increased germination capacity in the unstressed and stressed regime by 16.8% and 31%, respectively.
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@Potential of brassinosteroids for forest seed and nursery management and for forest regeneration@
Bach, Petr ; Kuneš, Ivan (advisor) ; Švec, Otakar (referee)
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of polyhydroxysteroids that have been recognized as a sixth class of plant hormones. In specific conditions BRs can positively influence the plant growth and development. The first isolated brassinosteroid was natural Brassinolide from rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Recently BRs are extracted primarily synthetically; they are effective even in very low concentrations. Several studies of different plant species show positive influence of BRs on growth, flowering, germination and resistance to stress factors. Existing scientific studies that deal with BRs impact on plants were predominantly applied on agricultural crops. Until presence, the similar research in forest seed treatment and forest nursery was almost missing. In the Czech Republic the Department of Silviculture of the Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences of the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague newly started to deal with the use of BRs in forestry. The aim of this master thesis is to elaborate literature review on BRs and to summarize existing research of their impact on plants. Second part of the thesis solves influence of BRs on Scots pine (Pinus silvestris) seeds germination. Tests are performed in normal and in stress conditions. Results of the practical part show that BRs affect positively seed germination in normal conditions; seeds treated with BRs show higher germination rate than control seeds. Positive impact was not registered when the seeds were exposed to stress factor -- heat. Any research paper showing significant positive influence on forest seedlings in Central European conditions was not published yet.
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Možnosti výroby a aplikace speciálních sladů pro výrobu piva
Ratiborská, Šárka
The aim of the bachelor thesis "Possibilities of production and application of special malts for brewing" is to summarize information about special malts made from unusual cereals a and check their application for brewing. There are described properties of barley for malting in the introduction of the theoretical part. It is focused on manufacture of malt. This process includes income and cleaning of grain, steeping, germination and kilning. There are information about different kinds of malts. It mainly deals with malts from unusual cerals, which contains wheat malt, oat malt, rye malt and triticale malt. The practical part is aimed at beer brewing from wheat malt. Brewing took place in the Litovel brewery.
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