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Agreements and Disagreements between Automatic and Human Speaker Recognition
Valenta, Jakub ; Matějka, Pavel (referee) ; Rohdin, Johan Andréas (advisor)
Tato práce se zabývá problémem rozpoznáváním mluvčího. Uvedený pojem je definován a doplněn o jednotlivé metody, které s ním souvisí. Cílem práce je poukázat na shody a rozdíly mezi lidským a automatickým procesem rozpoznávání mluvčího. V úvodu práce jsou popsány teoretické poznatky z obou zmíněných oblastí, tj. na jaké aspekty lidské řeči se zaměřuje člověk, resp. automatický systém. Následně je provedeno několik experimentů, které mají za úkol srovnat tyto dvě metody. Tyto experimenty jsou vyhodnoceny tak, že je možné pozorovat, které testovací úlohy dokáže lépe vyřešit člověk, aby následně bylo možné tyto poznatky použít ke zlepšení funkce automatického systému. V závěru práce je takovýto návrh na zlepšení automatického systému předveden a otestován. Testování proběhlo úspěšně a byla zaznamenána vyšší přesnost při vyhodnocování. Takový výsledek tedy může být užitý v dalších výzkumech a umožnit tak další vývoj v oblasti automatického rozpoznávání mluvčích.
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Lexical stress variability in English/Variabilita anglického slovního přízvuku
ŽIŽKA, Vít
The goal of the bachelor thesis: "Lexical stress variability in English" is to describe basic principles of stress assignment in English with a focus on lexical units that have more realisations of stress placement without changing the meaning of the word. The practical part concentrates on collecting lexical items with variable stress. There is going to be an alphabetical list of stress-divergent words along with phonetic transcription of stress variations at the end of the work.
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Pronunciation characteristics of Spanish of Czech students
HRUŠKOVÁ, Veronika
The aim of the thesis is an analysis of typical phonetics errors that are made by Czech native speakers when speaking Spanish language. After introducing the Spanish and Czech phonetics systems, the focus is on three most frequent errors of Czech speakers when speaking Spanish: the incorrect pronunciation of two types of Spanish vibrant consonant [], [r], the incorrect pronunciation of dental occlusive [d] and its phonetics variant [] and the analysis of pronunciation stops in Spanish. As a method of the analysis was chosen a technique of oral dialogue with six students of Hispanic philology at the University of South Bohemia at the Faculty of Art. There were recorded two groups of students: the group of students who has spent more than five months in Spain and another group of students who has never been in Spain. Since the Czech phonetics system is different from the Spanish one, it is assumed that there will be an interference in the field of Spanish phonetics from Czech language.
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French nasal vowels: Their perception and realization in case of Czech native speakers
Kubešová, Tereza ; Nováková, Sylva (advisor) ; Nádvorníková, Olga (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on realization of French nasal vowels, more precisely on their recognition in the text and subsequent realization by Czech native speakers. The thesis is based on the assumption that the realization of the nasal vowels is quite difficult for Czech speakers, due to the absence of these phones in the Czech language. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with the description of the French phonological system and its phones. In more detail, it deals with French nasal vowels. Furthermore, the main differences between the French and Czech phonological system are analyzed. Finally, there is a short discussion of French orthoepy. The practical part of this work consists mainly of the analysis of the Czech students' recordings and the analysis of their mistakes in realization of nasal vowels. The aim is to confirm the initial assumption that nasal vowels cause difficulties for the Czech audience. Finally, this paper presents a brief insight into the French textbooks, and how they deal with the problem, namely, the nasal vowels. Key words: Nasal vowel, phone, phoneme, phonetics, phonology, pronunciation
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Development of the phonological and morphological abilities of children before the school age.
HOLEČKOVÁ, Petra
The thesis is focused on predictors of reader´s abilities as factors influencing the development of readers literacy. At pre-school age is possible to identify the risks for further development of reader´s abilities. It is necessary to focus on individual areas of perceptual motor and cognitive functions that make initial reading successful or not. An important predictors are phonological skills. This area is, however, greatly influenced by language orthography. In the Czech language (transparent orthography characterized by the closeness of written and spoken form of speech) morphological abilities play a significant role. The goal of this thesis is to analyze the risks for further developmentof reader´s abilities and to indicate the possibilities for reducing these risks by systematic work with children in ordinary nursery school. The theoretical part is focused on children at pre-school age, the individual areas of perceptual motor and cognitive functions which influence the initial skills. Theoretical part also explains concepts of school maturity and readiness. In the experimental part, two groups of children at pre-school age will be investigated and chosen variables (phonologicaland morphological abilities) will be monitored. There will be additional work with the first group, the second group (control group) will not be influenced in any way. The two groups will be compared and differences will be determined.
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Comparison of English and Russian phonetic system
Turova, Maria ; Konečný, Jakub (advisor) ; Rozboudová, Lenka (referee)
ANNOTATION: The thesis is exclusively allocated to a contrastive analysis of phonetic systems of English and Russian language. The given text is divided into two parts: the first one focuses on the theoretical description of main phonetic phenomena, that are characteristic for the languages; and the second one concentrates on the comparison of two languages based on the previously described features. The first chapter of this thesis is dedicated to individual phonemes - vowels, consonants and aspects of connected speech such as assimilation, assibilation, and elision. The second chapter focuses on prosodic features of the languages such as a syllable, stress, vowel reduction, syntagmatic division, and intonation. The following practical part wholly mirrors the structure of the theoretical part, which enables the contrastive analysis to be more transparent. The main aspiration of the thesis is to discover differences and similarities in phonetics and phonology between the two languages. The particular endeavor of this work was not only to list the differences between languages but also to unearth plausible errors and its causes while learning these languages as foreign.
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Language Awareness of Children at the Early School
Votrubová, Alena ; Kucharská, Anna (advisor) ; Špačková, Klára (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse the linguistic awareness of children at the first and second grade of elementary school in both reading methods, i.e. the analytic-synthetic and the genetic method of reading. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the critical analysis of the terms "linguistic awareness" and "linguistic sense" is done and further the approaches and traditions used abroad are compared to actual situation in the Czech Republic. In the analytic part of the thesis, the research project focused on the comparison of two tests of linguistic awareness is developed. The first method is the traditional Linguistic Sense Examination (Žlab, 1992), used not only for the diagnosing of the specific learning disorders, but also for diagnosing of bilingual children, children from minority groups and children with hearing or mental disabilities. The second method is the new Linguistic Awareness Test (Kucharská, Šmejkalová, under the preparation) prepared in the cooperation with Department of Czech Language and the Department of psychology PedF UK. In the research project, there were 40 schoolchild from the first and second grade of elementary school, 20 of them in the analytic-synthetic method of reading and 20 of them in the genetic method of reading. Several areas were monitored. Firstly, the...
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Teaching of French pronounciation aimed at nasal vowels
Rychtaříková, Jana ; Bořek - Dohalská, Marie (advisor) ; Nováková, Sylva (referee)
TITLE: Teaching of French pronunciation aimed at nasal vowels SUMMARY: The thesis deals with the issues of French pronunciation teaching at Czech schools. The theoretical part is aimed at teaching of pronunciation, the key concepts of phonetics and its importance in learning of foreign language. Then the thesis deals with the base of French phonetic system, especially the nasal vowels, the comparison of Czech and French phonetics and the main methods of teaching phonetics. The nasal vowels and their pronunciation are the starting point for the practical part - research in the field of the ability of Czech students to recognize and pronounce the nasal vowels in a good way. The research is based on 95 recordings of Czech students from different classes (from high school to bachelor's programme). KEYWORDS: French language, phonetics, phonology, teaching of phonetics, nasal vowels
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The linguistic analysis of The Apostle of Skopje
Pilát, Štefan ; Ribarova, Zdena (advisor) ; Bláhová, Emílie (referee) ; Vepřek, Miroslav (referee)
The linguistic analysis of The Apostle of Skopje Štefan Pilát The Apostle of Skopje (Skop) is a Macedonian Church Slavonic manuscript, which contains a short Praxapostle. The scribal inscription on the last page places its compilation to the city of Skopje in the year 1313 thus allowing for its inclusion among the north-Macedonian texts. The goal of the present thesis was to evaluate its paleographic, orthographic and phonological characteristics and its morphological and syntactic peculiarities. The established facts were then compared with other north-Macedonian manuscripts and writing traditions of the Ochrid, Preslav, Tarnovo and Raška schools. Another aim was to evaluate how much could the reception of individual scribal norms be impacted by the north-Macedonian dialect and identify the dialect elements of Skop. On this account, I conclude that Skop, while belonging to the circle of north-Macedonian manuscripts and reflecting rather evident influence of the local dialect, remains conservative, especially from the perspective of paleography, orthography and phonology, a feature typical of the older tradition of the Ochrid School. In the Apostle pericopes, Skop however rather consequently receives the standardized use of the full scope of the iotified vowels, which is the norm most probably taken...
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The Influence of Chinese Dialects on Standard Pronunciation of Modern Chinese
Kolísková, Barbora ; Pavlík, Štěpán (advisor) ; Zádrapa, Lukáš (referee)
This thesis is dealing with the influence of local varieties on approved pronunciation of PTH. Thesis is trying to specify the basic deviations in pronunciation of Mandarin Chinese according to phonological systems of local varieties. Phonological system of PTH is compared to the system of local varieties. Based on the differences between phonological systems of initial, finals and tones, is set the solution of the appearance of local PTH. This thesis is not back up with local research of PTH, because this kind of research is not a part of our work. We are aware of the lack of evidences caused by absence of local research. Our conclusions are confirmed only in additional sources. Even all this thesis provides the basic knowledge of the most common pronunciation deviations of PTH in China. This work could provide the basic information for additional research focussed on this topic.
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