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Within-group fish behaviour: effect of common experience
Fořt, Martin ; Slavík, Ondřej (advisor) ; Frouzová, Jaroslava (referee)
Recently, behavioral studies focusing on social relationships of fish in groups became popular. Fish are able individually recognize conspecifics or even heterospecifics. This ability allows distinguishing among individuals in and between groups and shows that fish prefer associating with familiar or kin individuals. An interaction with kin individuals is called condition-dependent recognition, whilst relationship based on previous experience is called condition independent recognition or familiarity. Both of these interactions can bring the participants some advantages, such as better protection from predators, foraging benefits, lower aggression levels, etc.
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Vertebrate ethograms for secondary schools
Peřka, Jaroslav ; Řezníček, Jan (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to create an educational programme for teaching ethology at grammar schools, in which theoretical knowledge will be directly linked with practical activities. To fulfil the goals of this ethological educational programme there is used the creation of ethograms.The whole educational programme is divided into three parts. In the first part pupils are acquainted with the theory of ethology and individual types of animal behaviour and also with the principles of direct observation of animals, the creation of ethological records and their evaluation. In the second part pupils observe directly a chosen animal in zoological gardens or similar institutions and on the basis of their obtained theoretical knowledge they describe its behaviour to previously prepared forms. In the third part pupils create ethograms of vertebrates based on the gained data, which are part of an expert seminar paper in a form of an expert text, a power-point presentation or a poster. In these papers pupils keep the basic format and content rules for ethogram creation.To determine the suitability, adequacy and benefits of this educational programme there is used the evaluation of the output papers created by pupils, a questionnaire and the findings acquired from the realization of the whole programme. The...
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Evolution of sensitivity to trail-following pheromones in termites
Száková, Barbora ; Hanus, Robert (advisor) ; Sillam-Dussès, David (referee)
Eusocial insects evolved a sophisticated intraspecific communication, dominated by chemical signals, the pheromones. Termites (Isoptera) represent an excellent example in this respect, having a wide range of pheromones, such as trail-following, sex-pairing, alarm, and other pheromones. It is especially the former category of pheromones which is ubiquitous in termites and which was chemically characterized in many taxa across termite phylogeny. This allowed phylogenetic reconstruction of the chemical diversity of trail- following pheromones and calls for searching of evolutionary patterns of the sensitivity to these pheromones in various lineages across the tree of life, including the search for evolutionary scenario of the emergence of specific olfactory receptor proteins. In most species, the trail-following pheromones are represented by mono-, di- and tri-unsaturated fatty alcohols (3Z)-dodec-3-en-1-ol (DE), (3Z,6Z)-dodeca-3,6-dien-1-ol (DDE), and (3Z,6Z,8E)-dodeca-3,6,8-trien-1-ol (DTE). My overall aim in this thesis was to contribute to the understanding of the evolution of olfactory detection of C12 fatty alcohol trail-following pheromones in termites. More specifically, my question was whether evolutionarily more basal clades (Kalotermes flavicollis and Neotermes cubanus from the family...
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Hierarchy and human behavior. BDSM as an alternative sexual behaviour.
Jozífková, Eva ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Bob, Petr (referee) ; Zvěřina, Jaroslav (referee)
Preferences for sexual arousal by overstated dominance and submission in sex is categorized as F65.5, sadomasochism, according to ICD, but this behaviour is called BDSM among the general public. The ground of these preferences could be ultimately biological. These preferences reflect behavioural strategy which enables to gain higher reproductive success. Men and women who were sexually aroused by a submissive partner had more male relatives than men and women with other preferences. Contrary to the women, the dominant men reported themselves as more attractive. Women who were aroused by a higher-ranking partner considered themselves more attractive. Sons of couples in which was hierarchical disparity had more siblings than sons of "equal" couples or couples with no hierarchical disparity. Daughters of hierarchically disparate couples had more brothers than daughters of "both dominant" partners. Concurrently, number and gender of offspring as well as self- reported attractiveness are likely to be criteria of the reproductive success in humans. It is also interesting that hierarchically disparate couples, without regard to gender of higher-ranking partner, reached higher reproductive success than "equal" couples. Individuals who preferred higher- or lower-ranking partner were also aroused by...
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Analysis and comparison of boxing styles of elite amateur boxers from Cuba and Kazakhstan
Čížek, Jakub ; Zdobinský, Adam (advisor) ; Pavelka, Radim (referee)
Title: Analysis and comparison of boxing styles of elite amateur boxers from Cuba and Kazakhstan Objectives: The main goal of this thesis was to find out whether the frequency of use of punching techniques and the distance from which these punching techniques are used are statistically significant for the style of two the most successful countries in amateur boxing. The countries were compared in the use and success of the strikes and compared to their preference for long or medium combat distance. Methods: The method of quantitative observation was used, in which data was obtained by watching video recordings. Part of the matches was evaluated by recording the results manually on paper, the other part in the BORIS program. All data was then transcribed into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, where it was also processed. The source for the data were publicly available video recordings from top competitions in 2010-2020. Results: Differences between countries in the monitored indicators are insignificant and boxing styles do not differ much. In the frequency of the use of striking techniques between the rounds, a significant difference was found only between the first and second round of the Kazakhs. In the case of determining the preference for long and medium distance combat between the rounds, there...
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Vliv technologie chovu na životní projevy koní
Valová, Natálie
This work describes a typical expressions of horses. I compare the behaviour of horses stabled in stalls and horses who spend most of the day on pasture. The first part is devoted to basic categories of behaviours such as feeding behaviours, social expressions of horses, comfortable behaviours, locomotion of horses, relaxation and then defecation and undesirable stereotypic behaviour. With this problems related welfare, which I mention in work. I follow on division housing technology, which I compare. The second part, I propose a methodology and I do own observation, which evaluates tables and graphs. For the experiment, I chose boxing stabling and grazing. I compare the different behaviour of horses who spend nearly all day in the stable and horses who are all day on pasture and only for night, they spend in stable
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Analýza etologického pozorování vybrané skupiny ovcí
Heincová, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis contains basic knowledge of the history of ethology, focusing on the distribution of ethology, behavioral research methods, basics of behavioral reseach methology and especially the basics of sheep ethology, their life on the pasture. The aim of this study was to observe natural behavior of sheep. Observations of five sheep conducted in the intervals 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. Then the values were averaged and inserted into graphs. We investigated these behaviors: food income, the rest, the movement, drinking, rumination in lying down, rumanition in standing up, sexual behavior. It was found that most sheep took food in the morning, from 7 to 10 a.m. then between noon and 5 p.m. except 3 p.m. where either they were ruminated or rested.
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Vyhodnocení životních projevů ovcí
Hanzlíková, Kateřina
This thesis Sheep vital manifestation assessment contains evaluation of annual etological observation of sheep flock which took place on the pastures near the village Líšná. Each season was described and collected data from the observation in etogram form were analyzed and transformed into clear graphs and charts. Total lenght of obser-vation was 145 hours and 15 minutes. There were observed these daily activities in the flock: grazing, laying and chewing, locomotion, resting, standing and observing, drin-king, comfortable behaviour and mineral lick intake. Within special behaviour which were observed only in particular season was sexual and maternal behaviour. The most frequently observed aktivit in winter was “herding“ with value of 66,61 %, in spring “laying and chewing“ with value of 73,59 %, in summer “grazing“ with value of 49,49 % and in autumn “grazing“ with value of 86,59 % from the total observed time. Further, influence of seasons on each category of behaviour was evaluated. The avarage number of animals performing each behaviour grazing, laying and chewing, locomotion, resting, standing and observing varies depending on the season (p<0,01). The avarage number of animals performing behaviour of drinking did not differ depending on season (p>0,05). The avarage number of animals performing comfortable behaviour did not differ depen-ding on season (p>0,05).
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Zhodnocení etologického pozorování přeštického černostrakatého prasete
Benýšková, Anna
The thesis is based on the ethological observation of prestice black-pied pig. In the first part of the thesis is described in details the discipline of ethology, its division and problems. The second part deals with the breed of prestice black-pied pig, describes the breed itself, its history, ways of breeding, its written about the body structure and the characteristic body features. The last part is focused corectly on the ethological observation of this breed in combined type of breeding. The life signs of gilts, sows and piglets are then shown in the graphs and summarized in the description
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