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Neuromuscular control of motor units in strength and coordination dependant tasks for lower limbs
Šádek, Petr ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Ravnik, David (referee) ; Vláčilová, Ivana (referee)
Title: Neuromuscular control of motor units in strength and coordination dependent tasks for lower limbs. Objective: To compare muscle activity on the level of motor units through decomposition of surface electromyography signal from vastus medialis during given strength and coordination oriented movement tasks and to describe eventual differences in the parameters of tracked motor units in regards to given movement tasks. To assess the quality of chosen method for describing the muscle activity control on the level of motor units for further possible applications in the research and clinical environment. To summarize relevant knowledge acquired through the decomposition method of surface electromyography signal regarding the control of movement, motor unit activation and other relevant informations for clinical environment. Method: Theoretical part of the work presents the decomposition method, the process of its evolution and its constituent parts in the context of electromyographic evaluation of muscles along with selected chapters of neuromuscular kinesiology on the level of motor units. The experimental portion of presented thesis was carried out on 12 probands in the age of 23,2 (+- 5,3) years, who were instructed to perform the selected movement tasks of single leg squat in two different...
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Comparative analyses of muscle activation lower extremities during running at different surface
Král, David ; Bačáková, Radka (advisor) ; Hojka, Vladimír (referee)
Title: Comparative analyses of muscle activation lower extremities during running at different surface. Objectives: The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to compare the level of activation of selected muscles of the lower extremities and the relative timing of these activations. Realize measurements on three types of surface: tartan, grass, sand and find out the differences in activations of selected muscles according to the surface. Methods: In this thesis, I used the method of analysis and the method of comparison. I applied the analysis method in the analysis of the measured signals for the running step and the comparison method in the section comparing average running step cycles from different surface types. Results: I found out that running on the tartan, acitvates all the monitored muscles in more than 75% of the average cycles within 10% of the running step time period. For softer surfaces - grass and sand, my research did not support the hypothesis, that the softer the surface is, the greater are the differences in the activation of individual muscles versus tartan. Further I found out that on sandy and grassy surfaces, the average activation time of the muscles which are more involved in stabilizing the ankle and foot, i.e. tibialis anterior and peroneus longus, increases. On a sandy...
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The acute effect of percusive therapy on postural stability and muscle activation in people with chronic ankle instability and controls
Michal, Lukáš ; Hank, Mikuláš (advisor) ; Šorfová, Monika (referee)
F2 = 0.15; with a significance level of α = 0.05 and a test power of β = - - (p=0.014) CAI NO PRE (CNP) and HEALTHY YES POST (HYPO) and between the CAI NO POST (CNPO) vs. HYPO (p=0.05). The only statistical difference (p=0.045) within CAI group was found in CNP vs. CAI YES POST (CYPO). Since there was no significant difference in the pre-tests between any of the groups (CNP and CYP), we may confirm the hypothesis of the effect of PT in postural stability (OE) test. In contrast, in the CE test, this change was observed between groups CNPO and CYPO (p=0.05). Since there was no pre-test difference between the CAI groups in CE parameter, we may also confirm the effect of PT in CE test, even though the intragroup outcomes between pre and post-test weren't sensitive enough to find significant (p<0.05) improvement. Unilateral postural stability surveyed in relation to PT showed increased bilateral asymmetry between DOM and NON in Flamingo test (expressed as %). Especially HYPO group revealed risen asymmetry after PT when compared to CNPO (p=0.007), CNP (p=0.015) and CYPO (p=0.05). Key finding was measured significant difference in intragroup parameter between HYP vs. HYPO (p=0.014), which confirmed increased bilateral asymmetry in unilateral postural stability HEALTHY subjects before and after use of PT, but not...
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Changes in lower limb muscle aktivity during walking in hemiparetics after application of botulinum toxin
RICHTROVÁ, Eliška
This bachelor thesis deals with influence of botulinum toxin and for walking in hemiparetic patient (spastic hemiparesis after stroke). In the theoretical part, the problem of stroke an one of the very common diseases that cause central hemiparesis is approached from the beginning. Further, spasticity and its treatment are described here. The last part deals with the issue of hemiparetic gait and its rehabilitation. The main goal of the work was to record possible changes in gait parameters during the application of botulinum toxin A, which is applied every 3 months. The research involved 2 probands from regional spasticity center of the Hospital of Czech Budweis a.s., with central hemiparesis after stroke. They underwent entrance (2-3 weeks after application botulinum toxin) and exit examinations (1-2 weeks before application botulinum toxin), which consisted of kinesiological examination, examination of spastic paresis hip dysplasia according to the procedure J.M. Graciese, selected clinical gait tests (TUG, 2MWT), EMG examination and postural stability test (WBS). The whole measurements were performed to see, if any changes during the action of botulinum toxin could be objectifield, either clinically or by surface EMG. The obtained results were quite individual, bit despire a very small group of proband, it was possible to follow certain trends influence botulinum toxin. Surface electromyography has proven to be a suitable tool for monitoring muscle activity, but for future similar studies,will be need many more probands and repeat measurements to be include.
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The influence of rounded shoulder posture on the intensity of low back pain
Vaverková, Eva ; Rašev, Eugen (advisor) ; Pavlů, Dagmar (referee)
Title: The influence of rounded shoulder posture on the intensity of low back pain. Objective: The objective of this paper is to determine whether there is a connection between low back pain and a forward shoulder posture. Methods: 23 probands divided into two groups according to pre-established criteria participated in this study. The control group consisted of 10 probands without a forward shoulder posture and without low back pain. The second experimental group consisted of 13 probands with a forward shoulder posture and with low back pain lasting at least three months. The experimental group took part in a four-week therapeutic programme aimed at correcting the forward position of the shoulder joints. This programme consisted of therapy used by Dr. Rašev - the application of a hot towel roll and elastic resistance exercises with Thera-Band. The forward shoulder posture was assessed visually and with a digital caliper. The numerical pain rating scale (NRS) was used to determine whether the low back pain changed when the forward shoulder posture was corrected. Muscle activity in the lumbar spine was monitored by surface electromyography. Results: At the end of the four-week treatment programme, all probands reported reduced low back pain on the numerical scale, although the forward position of...
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Electromyographic study of selected neck muscles in patients with torticollis
Pospíchalová, Tereza ; Pánek, David (advisor) ; Malá, Jitka (referee)
Title: Electromyographic study of selected neck muscles in patients with torticollis Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the electrical muscle activity and the symmetry of the electrical muscle activity of selected neck muscles in patients with torticollis during flexion in three different positions - standing, sitting, lying on the back. Methods: The study involved 8 probands aged 27 - 60 years. The Noraxon TeleMyo 2400T G2 surface electromyography device for telemetry data transmission technology with a sampling frequency of 1500 Hz was used for the measurement. The surface electrodes were applied to five target muscles bilaterally, namely the sternocleidomastoid muscle, scaleni muscles, suprahyoid muscles, infrahyoid muscles and trapezius muscle upper part. Subsequently, the probands performed cervical spine flexion fifteen times in a randomized order of positions in synchronism at the same speed by setting the metronome to 60 bpm. The electrical muscle activity of the examined muscles was used in average %MVC values in comparison right/left, as well as changes in average %MVC values depending on positions and symmetry of electrical muscle activity during neck flexion using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The values of the average %MVC of the contralateral SCM against...
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Control of low-cost prosthetic limb using EMG sensors
Šafran, Jindřich ; Brablc, Martin (referee) ; Rajchl, Matej (advisor)
This Bachelor thesis is about the general design, construction and model assembling of the prosthetic arm. Its programming and controlling of the robotic part are also included. The thesis is divided into five chapters. In the first chapter, the anatomy of forearm is analysed and described. Its anatomical structure is the theoretical base on which the final model is designed and constructed. Following, second chapter, comprises the analysis of prosthetic mechanisms according to the historical development up until today. And this chapter also contains the production of the designed forearm-hand-model itself. The third chapter describes the EMG diagnostic method and the process of manufacturing of each compartment of controller device used for controlling the mechanism of the designed model. Next, chapter number four contains gaining and processing of the data from testing of the measuring device. In the last fifth chapter, the programming of the made forearm-hand-model in various development environments is described. All the results and gained knowledge, are evaluated and described in the conclusion of the Bachelor thesis.
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Analysis of muscle activity during steering wheel movement
Dostálová, Veronika ; Vilímek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Horák, Zdeněk (referee)
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Effect of kinesiotaping on shoulder girdle muscle activity
Dvořáková, Petra ; Valouchová, Petra (advisor) ; Bitnar, Petr (referee)
Kinesiotaping is a new method used for an extremely wide range of clinical conditions. Kinesiotaping is established in sport for treatment and prevention of injury and offers therapists a new treatment possibility of muskuloskeletal injuries and disorders. There are used elastic permeable and water-resistant adhesive tapes of different colours. Elasticity of the tape maintains the patient's full mobility. This is the decisive advantage compared with the previous treatment taping methods. The mechanism of kinesiotaping is based on two main effects. The kinesiotape stimulate the skin receptors and increase interstitial space between the skin and the underlying connective tissues. Therefore it improves the circulation of both venous and lymphatic fluid and decrease pressure on mechanical nociceptors. It is surprising that even though the kinesiotaping is being very often used, there is lack of evidence demonstrating its effectiveness. The aim of the thesis is therefore to summarize all general information about the kinesiotaping and compare them with published results. The special chapter is devoted to the kinesiotaping of the shoulder girdle, which is supplemented by a practical section about the muscle activity effect of the kinesiotaping of the shoulder girdle measured by surface electromyography.
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