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Study of the effect of myocardial fibrosis on elemental distribution in rat soft tissues using Laser Ablation ICP-MS
Machalová, Martina ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Vašinová Galiová, Michaela (advisor)
The most common cause of death in the Czech Republic continue to be cardiovascular diseases. The field of heart failure therapy still keeps moving forward. Yet myocardial fibrosis is one of the consequences and causes of heart failure for which there exists no effective medical care. The solution would be predicting the advancement of fibrosis and a preventive therapy. Many medical methods are being developed now in this regard, and the element distribution in affected tissue could help them. That is the reason why this work centers on the research of the element distribution in rat hearts with an induced myocardial fibrosis. An influence of sample couloration on the analysis was observed during its course. Special attention was paid to the distribution of iron in the fibrotic tissue as well as to the comparisson of the images of myocardial fibrosis. It seems that the iron distribution specificly could be helpful in recognising a damaged myocardium.
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Ellipsometry of Thin Films
Novotný, Zbyněk ; Navrátil, Karel (referee) ; Nebojsa, Alois (advisor)
Diploma thesis deals with ageing process of thin films of Co and Cu on Si substrate, prepared by the IBAD method. The process of film ageing, which depends on time of exposition to the atmosphere at room conditions, was investigated with spectroscopic ellipsometry (VIS+UV) and atomic force microscopy. In case of thin Co films, approximately four days long incubation period was observed. During this time period, a change in the optical parameters of the film occurs without a measurable change of the film topography. Using non-contact atomic force microscopy, a growth of the transitional film in the island growth regime was observed. During the ageing of thin Cu films, two stages of growth of the transitional layer were observed - nucleation stage and growth stage. Both of these time periods of the transitional layer growth show direct logarithmic dependence. Using non-contact atomic force microscopy, the growth of the transitional film was observed. Using atomic force microscopy in non-contact regime, time dependent measurement was done and the process of forming of one monolayer of the transitional layer was documented. Within the diploma thesis, a series of experiments on ultra high vacuum system were performed in order to investigate phase transformation of thin Fe films (22 monolayers) on Cu(100) stabilized by CO absorption. The transformation from fcc phase to bcc phase was induced by Ar+ ion beam bombardment with the ion energy in the range (0.5-4) keV. The process of phase transformation was observed by surface magneto-optic Kerr effect, Auger electron spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction.
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Leachability of Cu, Ni and Co from alkali-activated matrices
Janíčková, Vlasta ; Kalina, Lukáš (referee) ; Koplík, Jan (advisor)
The work deals with the determination and comparison of leaching of heavy metals from two types of alkali activated systems based on blast furnace slag and high-temperature fly ash. These systems are capable in their structure encapsulate heavy metals, toxic substances or radioactive substances, which can be harmful for the environment. The aim of this work is to prepare a mixture with acceptable mechanical properties. Leachibility from matrix was tested according to ČSN EN 12457–4, followed by analyses Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Structure of matrix was analysed using Scanning electron microscope (SEM).
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Single Atomic Catalysts
Závodný, Adam ; Švec,, Martin (referee) ; Čechal, Jan (advisor)
Single atom catalysts are prospective class of materials, which holds promises to reach the ultimate limit of improvement in catalyst performance, selectivity, lifetime and cost reduction. The ability to efficiently capture the adsorbates at the active sites is the key prerequisite for catalytic transformation to the products. In this respect, our experimental study aims to describe the interaction of gas molecules (H2O, CO, O2 and NO) with single metal atoms (Rh, Ir, Cu) on the magnetite surface employing scanning tunneling microscopy.
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Development of a strategy for 3D printing of copper using Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Kryšpín, Vojtěch ; Vaverka, Ondřej (referee) ; Malý, Martin (advisor)
Copper sees vast usage in aeronautical, electrotechnical and energy industries due to its excellent machinability and thermal and electrical conductivity. In combination with modern computational approaches such as topological optimalization, additive manufacturing of copper has a great potential. My work has focused on creating a sample with the highest relative density through the application of recoating and remelting strategies. The best specimens which reached relative density over 99,1% were created with the following printing parameters: LP = 400 W, LV = 400 m·s-1 a HD = 0,01 mm.
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Diffusion in humic gels.
Královič, Michal ; Pospíšilová, Ľubica (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focuses on study of heavy metals diffusion in humic gels. The objective of the work was to verify, whether the diffusion is influenced by methylation of humic acid. Cupric and nickel cation was used in this thesis. Absorbance of solutions in acceptor and donor diffusion cell part was measured spektrofotometrically.
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Sorption of metal ions mixture on natural lignite
Doskočil, Leoš ; Taraba, Boleslav (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
Sorption of quaternary metal ions (Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+) was carried out on lignite from the South Moravia. Following experiments were tested: kinetic sorption, dependence of sorption on pH, initial concentration, temperature, effect of electrolytes (KNO3 and NaCl) and desorption in deionized water. Sorption studies was carried out in quaternary mixtures and in the case of inicial concentration effect additional in a single-component solution. The batch sorption experiments was used. Sorption time was 24 hour, although concentration of ions was a near equilibrium after two hour. As the optimal pH was determined pH 5. The order of affinity by lignite was obtained Pb >> Cd > Zn > Cu for the sorption of metals in the single-component solution and the order was Pb > Cu > Zn > Cd for the sorption of mixture of metals. The maximum adsorptium capacities from single solutions were for Pb 97,82 mg/g, Cd 60,34 mg/g, Zn 49,88 mg/g and Cu 30,28 mg/g and in the case of ones from mixture solutions were for Pb 39,03 mg/g, Cu 25,94 mg/g, Zn 15,21 mg/g and Cd 5,18 mg/g. Experimental data have been analysed using Langmuir and Freundlich model. Thermodynamic values H°, S° and G° were calculated. Desorption test showed that desorption efficiency is 0–3 %. NaCl had the greatest influence on sorption from electrolytes. On the basis obtained results we can say that metals are binding to lignite in particular due to chemical interactions. Lignite is s suitable as a sorption material for metal ions especially in the field of low concentrations.
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Interactions of metal ions with humic substances
Obručová, Kateřina ; Smilková, Marcela (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on humic substances, especially fulvic and humic acids. It deals with their genesis and subsequent extraction from nature materials. There are described not only physical and chemicals properties, structure of humic and fulvic acid, but also their reactivity. There is also described the method od isothermal titration calorimetry, which was subsequently used to study of interaction fulvic acid with selected metal ions (Cu2+, Ca2+, Mg2+). From the resulting titration data were determined values of reaction enthalpy, which was then compared with model complexes. From the resulting graphs, it was possible to determine when the reaction reached its maximum, the state when all the binding sites were full. Heat values were determined for this condition.
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Preparation of graphene layers by MBE
Čalkovský, Martin ; Bábor, Petr (referee) ; Mach, Jindřich (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with growth of graphene by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The theoretical section explains the preperation, properties, and detection methods of the material graphene, and the MBE method of graphene preparation is discussed in detail. In the experimental section, optimization of the sublimation carbon source and its properties are shown. Further experiments dealing with the preparation of graphene on Cu and Ge substrates are also described. The presence of graphene structures is proven by Raman spectroscopy.
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