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Education of patients with lymphoma
Marková, Naďa ; Kordulová, Pavla (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee)
(v AJ) I chose the education of a patient with lymphoma as the topic for my bachelor thesis. I consider this topic very actual because the occurence of lymphoma is increasing (In: Linkos,2019). Lymphomas are referred as lymphocyte-derived tumors. I deal with the problem of lymphomas in the theoretical part. I mainly focus at diagnostic and treatment. I had started to prepare this bachelor thesis after the background research in the National Medical Library. I also drew the information from databases: BMČ, PubMed, EBSCOhost a Medline. I also used treatment recommendations - Cooperative Lymphoma Groups. Methology: I chose a case study of a patient with B-cell lymphoma from large cells, diffuse. I used the model of Marjora Gordon's - functional health model. A specific case is used for defining the treatment procedures, nursing standards, potentional risks and the prevention, education is also included. Objective: Focus on a nursing care - pacient with B-cell lymphoma diagnose, large cells, diffuse, who undergone chemotherapy. Results: Keeping nursing procedures and creation of educational material for patients. Conclusion: There are new methods of chemotherapy and new studies. A current study in Lymphoma: CITADEL 203, CITADEL 205, PCYC 1143 - SYMPATICO, ACELY - 308, PCYC 1141, BGB3311 - 212, IELSG37...
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Bone marrow transplantation, its historical development and current trends
CIMBÁLNÍKOVÁ, Eva
The transplantation of bone marrow - more generally said of hematopoietic cells - is in the present time one of the modern therapeutical methods used in cases of malfunction of haematogenesis inside of the bone. The ususal reason for going through with transplantation is leukemia, lymphomas, also anemia, congenital metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders or some of the solid tumors. Thanks to the transplantation of hematopoietic cells, it is possible to highten the chance of restoration in more than 50 % of patients suffering from oncological disease. The submitted thesis is processed in theoretical form, it is goal is to present the important points leading to progress of this presently very much used treatment and also thorough descripton of present trends in the area of transplantation of hematopoietic cells, that are almost identical in local transplatation centers as they are in the world. Another goal is to describe the role of a general nurse during providing of the care for a patient before and after transplantation of hematopoietic cells. The thesis is focused on the key areas of the issues of transplatation of hematopoietic cells and it is divided into several parts. The first part deals with the general description of the topic, it presents short introduction into the transplantation of hematopoietic cells, the basic division, historical and current indications and short preamble into todays trends. It describes closely the area of the registry of the bone marrow donors, which is the basics for the choosing of the suitable unrelated donor. The second part of the thesis deals with the desciption of historical progress since the very beginnings, through the progress during postwar period, the development of 70s and 80s of the previous century and also the 90s of the 20th century up until the present day. The third part is focused on current methods of collection of hematopoietic cells and following transplatation, it also describes closely the ways of donating hematopoietic cells, the preparation of the patient for transplantation, the course of transplantation and what should the patient prepare for during the early posttransplantation period. The fourth part is focused on nursing, it states thoroughly the role of a nurse in the nursing care before and after transplantation of hematopoietic cells, the principles a nurse has to abide by, and it also closely describes the role of a nurse during transplant application. It also describes dietary and important regimen measures the patient is set to follow after transplantation. The last part is focused especially on complications that are possible after hemopoetic cells transplantation. The necessary data have been obtained through thorough study of professional Czech and foreign monoghraphs and scientific periodicals. The acquisition of the data was significantly contributed to by the attended internsip in Internal hematological and oncological clinic of the Faculty hospital Brno Bohunice. The findings regarding nursing were obtained especially by the study of nursing standards. This thesis points out the important role of transplatation of hemopoetic cells as a method of treatment predominantly of hemooncological illnesses in current medicine and the most important roles of a nurse during the nursing of transplantation patients. The thesis provides a comperehensive overview on the issue of transplants of the hematopoietic cells and describes key areas that are considered as important. It focuses on the historical progress and the desciption of present trends thanks to which the transplantology can be considered as a highly professional and top field. It also highlights the main roles of a nurse during nursing that must be proffesional, qualified, meticulous, considerate and individualized. The results of the survey are supposed to provide the professional and amateur public enough information about the issue of transplantation of the hematopoietic cells.
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Advances in chemotherapy and novel antitumor drugs
Kraus, Michal ; Kovář, Marek (advisor) ; Koudelková, Lenka (referee)
Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide. While some types of cancer became almost entirely curable, majority of malignant tumors are still potentially deadly diseases due to unsensitivity of tumors to conventional chemotherapy or diversity of cancer cells within the tumor and subsequent development of resistance. The underlying mechanism of action of conventional antitumor drugs is mostly related to cell division. DNA damage, inhibition of DNA synthesis and repair or disrupted formation of mitotic spindle are the most common mechanisms. However, it implies that most of the drugs are cytotoxic for rapidly dividing cells in general which results in variety of undesirable side effects for patients. Search for novel anticancer drugs targeting cancer cells more selectively has been point of interest of researchers for decades. Hundreds of new potential anticancer drugs are being described every year, some posessing so far unrecognized mechanisms of action. Process called drug repurposing examines drugs that have already been approved for clinical use in other than oncology field and results into discovering of interesting "novel" anticancer agents. Another general trend is represented by shift towards development of targeted therapy which is slowly replacing traditional cytotoxic...
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Nursing management of hemato-oncological patients with damage to the oral cavity.
HRŮZA, Pavel
This bachelor thesis deals with one of the frequent complications of cytostatic or radiotherapeutic treatment. It is an oral mucositis that makes life difficult for a patient and becomes discomfort in all aspects. The thesis is divided into theoretical part where the basic hemato-oncological diseases are described including their treatment and complications. The analytical part is aimed on nursing care and all other aspects of caring of patients with this complication. The aim of the bachelor thesis is not only to find out the specifics of nursing care of patients whose oral cavity is affected in connection with hemato-oncological treatment but also to find out possible prevention of mucositis and option of pharmacological treatment of mucositis of hemato-oncological patients. Qualitative research using semi-structured interviews was selected for the analytical part. Eight nurses working at the Hematology and Oncology Unit of the Faculty Hospital in the West Bohemian Region were intentionaly selected for the research. The given interviews were processed by the open coding technique using pencil and paper. 7 categories were created while evaluating the interviews and were further elaborated according to their specialization. Some categories are divided into subcategories. The research shows that nursing care of hemato-oncological patients varies. It depends on selected cytostatic treatment. However, thorough and regular hygiene of the oral cavity is important not only in prevention, but also in treatment and overall care. Resources of its implementation, treatment and prevention were also identified. One of the most frequent preventive measures is cryotherapy and appropriate meal. One of the main tasks of nurse in taking care of patients with mucositis is education.
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Benefits of Neoadjuvant Therapy in Colorectal Cancer Treatment
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Nikola
This Bachelor's thesis focuses on benefits of neoadjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part contains data I have compiled from available literature, scholarly articles and professional websites. I concentrated most closely on colon and rectal anatomy, screening, diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. The aim of the Bachelor's thesis is to compare the extent of colorectal cancer before and after neoadjuvant therapy. Furthermore, the second aim is to determine the number of radically operated patients after preoperative treatment. The practical part consists of data from the archive of medical records at the Department of Oncology in the České Budějovice Hospital, a. s. The observed factors were age and gender of the patient, diagnosis, localization and TNM classification, type of neoadjuvant therapy, initiation and termination of therapy, type of operation and its initiation. The last factor was the extent of disease after surgery. In total, I evaluated 50 patients who met the criteria. I processed the data into comprehensive graphs and spreadsheets. The collected data show an improvement in the extent of disease in 84 % of patients. 5 % of patients had the same TNM classification and the disease worsened in 11 % of patients. Complete or nearly complete remission occurred in 6 patients (14 %). 88 % of patients from the whole research group were radically operated. 20 patients (40 %) underwent rectal resection and 24 patients (48 %) underwent rectal amputation. 6 remaining patients did not have any surgery. Two patients had an inoperable tumour, others were not operated due to their high age, weight or because it was their wish. The results from the practical part can provide feedback to the Department of Oncology in the České Budějovice Hospital. Next, it can also serve as a study material for students and the general public.
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Nursing care of a patient with breast cancer with intravenous port
Suková, Markéta ; Di Cara, Veronika (advisor) ; Kulhavá, Miluše (referee)
For my bachelor thesis, I chose a topic related to nursing care of a breast cancer patient with an intravenous port and an indication of chemotherapy. I worked on the theme based on my long experience with intravenous ports at the sampling center. Breast cancer still retains primacy in cancer, and many women die yearly. Its treatment requires specific features and is very time consuming. Great benefits in this area are intravenous port systems. When used, complications occur which often prevent faster course of treatment. At the end of my work I described the patient's and healthcare staff's expressions of satisfaction with these long-term venous inlets. The aim of the work was to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of intravenous ports and their use in the treatment of oncology patients. I focused mainly on nursing procedures and care for the intravenous port during treatment, after treatment as well as on blood withdrawals associated with oncology treatment. The method of work is a case report of a patient who has long been treated with breast cancer at an oncology stationary. Information I drew from literature, from Czech and foreign articles and from patient's documentation. The main outcome of this study is the finding that intravenous ports greatly facilitate access to the venous...
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Biodegradable high molecular weight polymeric conjugates for efficient delivery of cytostatic drugs into solid tumors.
Černý, Viktor ; Kovář, Marek (advisor) ; Palich Fučíková, Jitka (referee)
Cancer remains one of the most pressing issues of contemporary science and medicine. Incidence of malignant diseases is rising worldwide and they represent a major problem for the society due to both economic and ethical issues they cause. Although the progress in cancer biology, therapy and immunology has led to the introduction of many novel therapeutic protocols, approaches and drugs with specificity defined on a molecular level into clinical practice, many malignancies retain their poor prognosis. Therefore, intense research into new ways to increase our therapeutic options is warranted. Unfortunately, bringing a completely novel drug into clinical use takes extremely high amounts of time and money and entails a high risk of failure. Therefore, a promising approach has been recently adopted which lies in repurposing compounds already used in human medicine for cancer treatment. This form of research can advance through clinical trials for a new indication much easier, faster and cheaper than researching completely new drugs. The aim of this study was to examine the anticancer potential of one such drug, mebendazole. An anthelminthic from the family of benzimidazoles, mebendazole has been in common clinical use from the 1970s and is marked by its low toxicity as well as its very low solubility....
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Vliv chemoterapie a genotoxického stresu na imunologické vlastnosti nádorových buněk.
Horňáková, Michaela ; Reiniš, Milan (advisor) ; Drbal, Karel (referee)
Cancer treatment includes the use of chemotherapeutic agents, which have various effects on tumour cells, such as direct toxicity to cancer cells, immunogenic cell death induction and changes in cancer cells phenotype. Throughout the last decade many researchers have been focusing on the induction of genotoxic stress and cellular senescence, which chemotherapy can trigger. Even though induction of senescence in cancer cells represents an important mechanism for tumour suppression, there has been increasing evidence that shifting cancer cells into a senescent state by chemotherapy is not always beneficial. Senescent cells are associated with a specific secretory phenotype, which allows such cells to alter their microenvironment, modulate anti-tumour immunity, induce tumour suppression and even promote cancer development. Therefore, senescent cells elimination by innate or specific immunity, which can be boosted by immunotherapy, can be an important barrier preventing tumour growth. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Patient education on oncology orthopedics
Grymová, Renata ; Vachková, Eva (advisor) ; Švecová, Dagmar (referee)
Author: Renata Grymová Institution: Institute of social medicine Faculty of medicine in Hradec Kralove Nursing care department Name of theses: Patient education on oncology orthopedics Head of theses: Mgr. Eva Vachková, Ph.D Number of pages: 124 Number of attachments: 8 Year of deffence: 2014 Summary: Bachalor thesis is focusing on education of patient in oncological orthopedic ward. This thesis consists of two parts: theoretical and empirical. Theoretical part deals with the issue of education, oncological orthopedic, chemotherapy administrating, competences of nurses working in oncological orthopedic ward and educational topics in oncological orthopedics. Empirical part consists of questionnaire that is supposed to find out patients perception of illness, interpretation of all dialogues with respondents and also interpretaion of fulfilled aims of this bachalor theses. Key words: oncology, ortophedics, patients, education, chemotherapy
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