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Trends in stroke mortality in Czechia in the period 1995-2021
Prystaszová, Adéla ; Kulhánová, Ivana (advisor) ; Lustigová, Michala (referee)
Stroke is one of the most common causes of death in Czechia. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to analyse trends in stroke mortality between 1995 and 2021 using data from the Czech Statistical Office. Standardized mortality rates, age-specific mortality rates, simple proportion calculations and two-dimensional decomposition method were used for this purpose. The thesis describes a significant decrease in the overall intensity of stroke mortality and intensity by age groups, as well as notable impact of stroke on the increase in life expectancy at birth. Furthermore, the thesis examines changes in the position of stroke among other causes of death, including cardiovascular diseases. The regional differentiation of stroke mortality is also analysed, revealing significant internal variability within Czechia. Additionally, the mortality trends of two main stroke types, ischaemic and haemorrhagic, are briefly outlined. Analysis of differences between men and women is included throughout the whole thesis. Keywords: mortality, stroke, standardized mortality rates, decomposition, Czechia Trends in stroke mortality in Czechia in the period 1995-2021
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Perceived quality of life of people with post-stroke communication disorder
Suchá, Marie ; Hájková, Vanda (advisor) ; Klenková, Jiřina (referee)
The bachelor's thesis, whose main aim of the research is to analyse the subjectively perceived quality of life of people with post-stroke aphasia in selected areas, is divided into four main chapters. The first three chapters present theoretical findings on stroke and post-stroke communication disorders. The following topic is the presentation of the issue of quality of life. The last chapter includes the research as such, which has been focused on retirement-age individuals diagnosed with post-stroke aphasia. The qualitative survey was done using the triangulation method, which contained a questionnaire method supplemented by a semi-structured interview. The obtained data were analysed and subsequently interpreted in the thesis text. Research questions concerning selected areas of quality of life were answered in the following part of the work. The impact of communication disorder on the social relationships of persons with post-stroke aphasia could be considered one of the most problematic areas of quality of life. These relationships are often limited or discontinued. This is also reflected in another researched area of the survey, the issue of self-concept, which is negatively affected after a stroke. The other investigated areas, such as independent movement, self-care and family...
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Case Study of Physiotherapeutic Treatment of a Post-Stroke Patient
Krákorová, Kateřina ; Reckziegelová, Petra (advisor) ; Křížková, Štěpánka (referee)
Author: MUDr. Kateřina Krákorová Supervisor: Mgr. Petra Reckziegelová Title: Case Study of Physiotherapeutic Treatment of a Post-Stroke Patient Objectives: The aim of this bachelor thesis is to process a case report of a post-stroke patient and to characterize this disease and present current treatment and diagnostic options. Methods: The theoretical part is based on the professional literature listed in the list of used literature and information sources. It contains current knowledge about stroke, stroke etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, therapy options and subsequent rehabilitation. The practical part is based on the materials I gained during continuous clinical practice at Kladno Regional Hospital, which took place from 9.1.2023 to 3.2.2023. The patient case report consists of anamnesis, initial examination, proposal of a short-term and long-term therapeutic plan, recording of the therapy course, final examination and evaluation of the therapy effect. Results: The main notable progress is an increased overal mobility of the patient and coping the self-care, resulting in improvement of self-sufficiency in activities of daily life. Conclusions: Early initiation of physiotherapy treatment led to significant functional improvement of the patient. Further rehabilitation, especially in the...
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A case report of physiotherapeutic care of a patient after ischemic stroke
Kozerawska, Natália ; Sohrová, Jana (advisor) ; Křížková, Štěpánka (referee)
Title: A case report of physiotherapeutic care of a patient after ischemic stroke Objective: The aim of this thesis is to summarize the theoretical information on the topic of stroke and then to develop a case report of a patient after ischemic stroke with right-sided hemiparesis. Methods: This bachelor thesis deals with stroke and is divided into two parts - general and special. The general part contains the main theoretical information about stroke. In addition, the physiotherapist's examination typical of the diagnosis is described, together with a selection of methods and procedures most commonly used in the physiotherapeutic care of these patients. The special section includes a case report of a patient after ischemic stroke with subsequent right-sided hemiparesis, including the initial and final kinesiological examination, the course of individual therapies and a summary of the effect of therapy. The background for the special part was obtained during the continuous professional practice at the Department of Post- operative Rehabilitation at the Regional Hospital Kladno from 9 January to 3 February 2023 under the supervision of the supervisor Mgr. Dita Hamouzová. Results: The patient improved in several aspects, especially in overall stability and range of active motion. However, there was...
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Deep-learning based segmentation of pathological tissue in brain MR images
Nantl, Ondřej ; Kolář, Radim (referee) ; Chmelík, Jiří (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of segmentation of ischemic tissue in T1 weighted MRI image data using deep learning methods. The theoretical part deals with the anatomy of brain, brain imaging using MRI, available datasets for automatic segmentation of pathological brain tissue and automatic deep learning methods for segmentation of ischemic brain tissue. In the practical part the used dataset and its preprocessing, as well as the proposed deep learning methods (U-Net) and their training, are described. The models were implemented using Python. Finally, the results of the models are presented and discussed.
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Ischemic thrombus analysis in multiphasic brain stroke CT data
Mikešová, Tereza ; Holeček, Tomáš (referee) ; Jakubíček, Roman (advisor)
This master thesis deals with analysis of ischemic thrombus in brain CT scans. In theoretical part, a review of methods, especially thrombus segmentation, is developed. Furthermore, the anatomy of cerebral arteries and acute ischemic stroke is summarized. Selected methods from the field of image processing are briefly described. The practical part results in a comparison of thrombus segmentation methods. The segmentation itself was preceded by data preprocessing, which is described in the theses, and the creation of a manual annotation database. The best implemented method was found to be the adaptive thresholding method, which achieved a Dice score of 0,4555. By combining the methods appropriately, a final Dice score of 0,5145 was achieved. Thrombus parameters were then calculated from the segmented volumes. The median intensity value was 51,55~HU, the median length was 15,16 mm, and the median volume was determined to be 65,34 mm3. Subsequent correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between the derived parameters.
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CMP (STROKE) - ALGORITHM OF EXAMINATION METHODS
MACKOVÁ, Pavlína
The bachelor thesis on CMP (stroke) - algorithm of examination methods deals with the disease of stroke, its definition, methods of examination, possible treatment and students' knowledge about this disease. The main objective of this study was to learn about the algorithm of examination methods in stroke and to find out the awareness of the respondents about this topic. The research question was: What is the awareness of the respondents about the process of examination and diagnosis of CMP? The thesis is divided into a theoretical section and a practical section. The first part focuses on the current state. Here the vascular supply to the brain, stroke, algorithm of examination methods and treatment of stroke are covered. Overall, the thesis is divided into six main chapters. The practical part deals with the questionnaire survey. The research purpose of this thesis was fulfilled by means of a questionnaire survey among Radiology Assisting students and Public Protection students with a focus on CBRNE. The questionnaire developed was the same for both groups of students. It was a standardized questionnaire with a choice of one answer each time. The resulting answers were then evaluated in clear graphs. The results of the conducted survey can offer us students' perspectives on anatomical knowledge of the brain, basic information about stroke, selected types of stroke examinations and stroke treatment. In addition, results from Radiology Assisting students and results from Public Protection students with a CBRNE focus can be compared to each other. The results can show us where students make the most mistakes and what information they know instead. Thus, the work can serve as a study material for students of all medical disciplines.
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Treatment-rehabilitation procedure in a patient after cardiac surgery
TŮMOVÁ, Jitka
The main aim of this bachelor´s thesis is to describe the treatment-rehabilitation procedure of patients after cardiac surgery complicated by stroke. In the theoretical part, I describe cardiac surgery in general, operative approaches, complications related to cardiac surgery, including stroke. I also focus on the rehabilitation of patients after heart surgery in a hospital facility. The second half of the theoretical part is dedicated ischemic and haemorrhagic strokes, symptoms, methods of treatment. At the very end, the thesis is dedicated to the rehabilitation of patients after a stroke. The practical part is processed in the form of qualitative research. In this part, I describe the medical rehabilitation procedure of two probands. The practical part is processed in the form of qualitative research. In this part, I describe the medical rehabilitation procedure of two probands.
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Physiotherapy of patients after a stroke in the home environment
NOVÁKOVÁ, Šárka
The bachelor thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a review study. The theoretical part is described in three chapters. The first chapter of the theoretical part deals with stroke. It also describes epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical picture, diagnostics and treatment of stroke. It also dedicated to the consequences and prevention of stroke. The second chapter is devoted to coordinated rehabilitation, which is crucial in the care of stroke patients. This chapter further describes the multidisciplinary team and its work, institutions providing physiotherapy, patient care and medical rehabilitation of stroke patients, and physiotherapy methods used in the treatment of stroke survivors. The third chapter of the theoretical part describes the return of patients to their home environment and includes a sub-chapter where set of recommendations for patients and their families is made. For the review study, 20 researches were selected and result tables were created from them. In these tables it is possible to find a description of the physiotherapy techniques used in studies, the members of the multidisciplinary team in the home environment, the characteristics of the research group, the frequency of physiotherapy and a note containing the topic of the article.
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Operational management in stroke patients
VYHLIDAL, Jan
The bachelor's thesis is concerned with the operation management and management in patients with a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (stroke). It deals with stroke diagnosing and the subsequent stroke patients routing to a target medical facility. The theoretical part covers the general anatomy of arterial blood supply to the brain and the stroke origin pathophysiology, it also includes the assessment protocol concerning the pre - hospital diagnosis and emergent medical care of the patients. Moreover, this part covers specific guidelines for patients' routing to specialized medical centres in the South Bohemian Region. The investigation part is based on the qualitative survey using the method of semi-structured interviews with two target groups of respondents asked eight identical questions. The research sample is constituted by the employees of the South Bohemian Emergency Medical Service, the first group enrolling the operators of the Emergency Medical Centre, the second one the paramedics. The obtained data are analyzed and subsequently evaluated. The first goal is to map the operation management and management in stroke patients, and the second goal is to find out what is the paramedics' experience with stroke-diagnosed patients transport by the Emergency Medical Service and the subsequent routing the patients to a medical facility.
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