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History of the pain treatment
Erbenová, Helena ; Mellanová, Alena (advisor) ; Vaňková, Milena (referee)
The thesis focuses on the history of pain treatment from the beginning of humanity to present days. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research development, creation of theories and struggling of a man with the pain, an unpleasant sensory perception, without which the mankind would most probably not survive. From the skeletal remains we learn about pain-killing practices among primitive people who were, besides various potions, charms, spells and rituals, able to use even the trepanation techniques. We find that people in ancient times apparently understood the pain caused by traumatic mechanisms but they could not handle the pain caused by some internal disorder. Early findings about the treatment of pain were thus linked to the nature. People used plants with narcotic and analgetic effects e. g. opium, cannabis, mandrake and physical quantities such as pressure, heat, cold or even shocks generated by electric fish. Over the time they improved this knowledge and reached for new findings. This thesis presents also ideas and creation of theories of pain provided by thinkers and scholars across centuries. Works from antiquity had apparently the biggest and the longest lasting influence on pain and medical problematics. From historical sources we read that new discoveries in medicine...
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Prevention of perioperative hypothermia
Miketová, Štěpánka ; Heczková, Jana (advisor) ; Hakenová, Renata (referee)
Perioperative hypothermia, defined as a core body temperature lower than 36řC, is associated with increased perioperative complications and prolonged hospitalization. The aim of this thesis is to analyze measures that are taken to prevent perioperative hypothermia at the Orthopedic Clinic of one Czech hospital and compare them with the current recommendations of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses, Association of Operating Room Nurses and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. The study included 223 patients who underwent a planned orthopedic surgery and who were more than 18 years old. As a method of data collection I chose studying the medical documentation. The obtained data were processed quantitatively. The recommended body temperature range 36.5-37.5řC before leaving an operating room had total of 60.55% of cases. Neither one patient has been no action in terms of prevention of hypothermia. Body temperature was taken in 22.4% of cases at the beginning of and during the surgery. Except for a cotton sheet, which was used in 100% of patients, no additional measures were taken in 18,4% of patients. Thermal insulation was used in 41,7% of patients, in-line warming system of infusion fluids in 65% of patients, forced air warming system in 17.9% of patients, and disposable...
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Pitfalls of the surgical treatment of obesity from the patient's point of view
Hakenová, Renata ; Heczková, Jana (advisor) ; Stoklasová, Radka (referee)
This thesis examines the surgical treatment of obesity from the perspective of the patient. The theoretical portion deals with etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, complications, related illnesses, conservative and surgical treatments (definitions, overview and types, principles of basic bariatric approaches, as well as effects and indications, side effects, and results of treatment. It also includes the specifics of the pre-operative preparation, immediate and long- term post-operative care, psychological preparation and post-bariatric-surgery nutrition. The empirical portion consists of quantitative research in the form of a survey instrument with closed-end questions with the possibility of individual responses. The respondents were patients who had been diagnosed as morbidly obese or third-degree obesity and who had also been through surgery within the past three years. One hundred and fifty surveys were distributed, 125 were returned, and 10 of those were not used for incompleteness, and another 6 were not used because the respondents did not meet the criteria. One of the primary goals of the research was to ascertain the information that patients were missing before bariatric surgery and whether this information had a significant effect on the result of the bariatric approach. Another primary goal of...
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Awareness of pediatric patients and their parents before anesthesia
Caletka, Petr ; Marková, Eva (advisor) ; Novák, Ivan (referee)
The primary aim of the thesis was to describe current awareness system of pediatric patients and their parents before anaesthesia and whether and to what extent the two groups are informed about anaesthesia. Furthermore, the thesis presents actual opinions of both responding groups on the current state of clinical practice and suggestions for its improvement. In accordance with available sources, so far no similar research has been carried out in the Czech Republic. A total number of 215 respondents at two biggest teaching hospitals in the Czech Republic have been addressed (Teaching Hospital Motol, Prague and Teaching Hospital Brno), the survey was finished by 131 people (60.93 %). Consequently, the questionnaire output was statistacally processed. The findings demonstrate a need of an improved anaesthesia awareness of pediatric patients and parents before the surgery. Obviously, both parents and children require printed information materials, although parents still tend to prefer rather the oral form - the anaesthesia interview. Keywords Anaesthesia, pediatric anaesthesiology, awareness, education, children, parents
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Patient education nurse anesthetist
Kloubcová, Lenka ; Hošťálková, Monika (advisor) ; Heczková, Jana (referee)
Bachelor thesis is focused on assessing the quality of patient education nurse anesthetist. Patient education is considered from the perspective of nurse anesthesia. The theoretical part of this work is devoted to general anesthesia characteristics, definitions and history of anesthesia. The following section deals with different types of anesthesia, complications of anesthesia and drugs used in anesthesia. Furthermore, the work focuses on the characteristics of the patient before, during and after anesthesia, and the specifics of the individual parts of anesthesia from the viewpoint of anesthesia nurses. The last chapter includes the very concept of education and the importance of good communication with the patient throughout the preparation of the patient for anesthesia. The basis of this work is a quantitative research ideas anesthesia nurses by anonymous questionnaires. Here the sisters reflect the stated objectives of work. The stated goal of the work is to identify the knowledge of anesthesia nursing Educational process, whether anesthesiology nurses involved in patient education before elective surgery and anesthesia nurses whether they have created suitable conditions for patient education. These objectives were met. As a possible solution for improving the efficiency of education could...
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L-serine induced effects on blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive rats: the influence of anesthesia
Bencze, Michal ; Zicha, Josef (advisor) ; Husková, Zuzana (referee)
Anesthetics cause profound alterations in respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Our experiments demonstrated that different anesthetics caused different changes in blood pressure regulating components. The role of particular BP regulating systems was disclosed by their selective inhibition - sympathetic nervous system blocked by pentolinium (peripheral ganglionic blockade), renin-angiotensin system by captopril (angiotensin converting enzyme blocker) and nitric oxide production by L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase blocker). Components of blood pressure regulating mechanisms in conscious normotensive Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats were compared with four different groups of anesthetized rats by pentobarbital, ketamine-xylazine, chloralose-urethane and isoflurane. Each anesthesia caused different hemodynamic changes. If hemodynamic conditions should be similar to conscious rats, the most suitable anesthetic is pentobarbital. L-serine-induced effects represent endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-mediated response, which is a type of endothelium-dependent regulation of vascular tone, independent of nitric oxide and prostacyclin production. Pronounced L-serine effects on blood pressure were shown in NO-deficient type of hypertension. Our study demonstrated its pronounced effects in...
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Determination of Blood Pressure Parameters for Ventilation Control during Anaestesia in Horses
Horský, Martin ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Čmiel, Vratislav (advisor)
The present work deals with the issue of hemodynamic monitoring of blood pressure in horses during mechanical ventilation in anesthetized horses. Result of this work is an extension to the application Datex-Ohmeda S/5 Collect, which from the pressure curve provides values needed for optimal ventilation. Initial chapter provides a general physiologic introduction. It describes the definition of blood pressure, cardiac cycle and description of the pressure curve. It also deals with the hemodynamic parameters such as pulse pressure, stroke volume and their variabilities. In the second chapter is described methodology of measuring blood pressure in horses. Both, noninvasive and invasive methods are included. The third chapter analyzes fluctuations in blood pressure during ventilation. The last fourth chapter describes the implemented extension module which is designed to monitor hemodynamic parameters of the pressure curve.
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Determination of Blood Pressure
Plch, Miroslav ; Smital, Lukáš (referee) ; Čmiel, Vratislav (advisor)
The thesis includes a general introduction to monitoring and measurement of blood pressure of horses, the design of algorithms for pressure curve detection and the calculation of respiratory variabilities in mechanical ventilation under anaesthesia. The first two chapters focus on anatomy, on characteristics of blood flow and on vascular system. Then it deals with the measurement of blood pressure, monitoring of a horse under anaesthesia and it describes particular thermodynamic parameters. In the following part of the thesis, the methods of pressure curve detection are described. The last part contains the description of an algorithm designed for detection of pressure curve of horses in the environment of the program LabVIEW. The program calculates, displays and saves variabilities of systolic pressure, pulse volume, pressure amplitude, pulse frequency, peripheral resistance and vascular expansion from the detected values.
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Reproduction of Hawaiian red shrimp \kur{Halocaridina rubra}
HOMOLKA, Václav
Hawaiian red shrimp - Halocaridina rubra (order Decapoda; family Atyidae) is an endemic species originated from Hawaii Islands. It is adapted to a specific environment of underground systems and anchialine pools. Halocaridina rubra has a great potential for aquarium shrimps breeders as well as for researchers. The aim of this work was to: (1) document the reproduction of shrimp Halocaridina rubra and (2) determine the influence of selected chronobiological factors and presence/absence of a shelter for its reproduction. The experiment was realized in the aquarium room and chronobiological laboratory at the department of Biological disciplines at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. The experiment took three months (i.e. from 3 rd November 2014 to 3 rd February 2015). This experiment had 4 treatments each with two repetitions: on the light with and without a shelter, in the dark with and without a shelter. Experimental shrimps were put into the aquaria in the breeding groups: 10: 16 (female: male). The frequency of mating was evaluated. Neither the light conditions (12 h (light): 12 h (dark) or permanent dark) nor the presence of shelter had impact on the reproduction of Halocaridina rubra. The reproduction of shrimp Halocaridina rubra was documented. Spermatophore transfer, eggs, four larval stages of zoea type, megalopal stage and two juvenil stages are monitored. Recommendations for breeding have been developed. Anesthesia was tested by using eugenol (clove oil) in shrimps.
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The Changes of Body Temperature of Patients during a Medical Procedure in Total Anesthesia
BENEŠOVÁ, Monika
The first part of the present dissertation shows mechanisms of keeping of body temperature in an optimum range as well as it divides and evaluates range of body temperature. My dissertation also deals with the ways of measurement of body temperature, methods of measurement and tools which are neccessary for measurement of body temperature. Another part presents characteristics of aneshtesia its division, ways of application and tools which are used for total anesthesia. It is also described an observation of body temperature during total anesthesia, negative consequences of hypothermia, regulations of body temperature during total anesthesia and prevention and treatment of hypothermia. There are descriptions of targets and hypothesis in the second part. There were made five hypothesis. The third part shows methods of collecting data itself. They are results of stucture observation of changes of body temperature of patiens in total anesthesia during surgery.The fourth part are charts and graphs showing results of measurements of body temperature of our patients in total anesthesia as well as results of the questionnaires based on answers from asked nurses. There are particular hypothesis and their results in discussion part. Hypothesis H1 was proved. Hyphothesis H2 is not possible to be disproved. Hyphothesis H3 was not proved. Hyphothesis H4 was proved and hyphotesis H5 was proved. We can deduce from the results that active use of tools for keeping body temperature in a physiological range can prevent decrease of body temperature. It is clear from the questionnaires that nurses are aware of complications connected to hypothermia. They actively use tools for keeping body temperature in physiological range. There is a summary in the conclusion of the dessertation whether all estimated targets were accomplished. As a result of the dissertation we can assume that using of tools for keeping body temperature of total anasthesia patients should be a standard. There should be also a standard to measure body temperature during an operation in total anasthesia itself.
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