|
|
Comparison of platelet aggregation in healthy population.
Minarovičová, Júlia ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Júlia Minarovičová Supervisor: prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Comparison of platelet aggregation in healthy population Platelets have an irreplaceable role in the process of aggregation. Nevertheless, their increased activity is associated with the development of many cardiovascular diseases. This process can be influenced by clinical used substances from the group of antiplatelet drugs, which differ in their effectiveness within the population. Within this study, platelet aggregation was tested using impedance aggregometry, whose principle is the change in electrical impedance between electrodes caused by the adhesion of activated platelets. Firstly, whole blood was incubated with clinically used antiplatelet drugs (ticagrelor, vorapaxar, and acetylsalicylic acid) and a flavonoid metabolite, 4-methylcatechol. Subsequently, a platelet aggregation inducer (ADP, thrombin receptor activating peptide 6 /TRAP/, collagen, arachidonic acid, ristocetin, U-46619, and platelet-activating factor /PAF/) was added, and the process was monitored for 6 minutes. The most potent inhibitor of the aggregation induced by arachidonic acid was acetylsalicylic acid in a concentration of 70 μM...
|
|
|
The influence of LDL-apheresis on aggregation of blood platelets, blood coagulation, and the effect of standard drugs.
Černotová, Veronika ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Čečková, Martina (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Veronika Černotová Supervisor: prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, PharmD., Ph.D. Consultant: Lukáš Konečný, MSc. Title of diploma thesis: The influence of LDL-apheresis on aggregation of blood platelets, blood coagulation and the effect of standard drugs LDL-apheresis is a method that removes LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) from the blood. It is used to treat familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), a genetic disorder causing high LDL-C levels and an early development of cardiovascular diseases. Blood platelets and coagulation system play an important role in these diseases and their activity is also affected by lipids. The aim of this thesis was to analyze possible differences in platelet aggregation and blood coagulation in patients suffering from FH. Two methods of treatment in this group were compared - lipid apheresis and PCSK9Ab (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibodies). The observed parameters were also compared with age-matched healthy volunteers. Our cohort consisted of 15 patients and 15 healthy donors. Six patients were treated with lipid apheresis and also PCSK9Ab, six subjects only with PCSK9Ab. Platelet aggregation was measured with an impedance aggregometer using 7 different...
|
|
|
Basic principles of flexibility aggregation
Ošťádal, Martin ; Paar, Martin (referee) ; Radil, Lukáš (advisor)
This thesis deals with the basic principles of flexibility aggregation. In the beginning it introduces the history and present state in the field of regulation and prospects for the future. After defining the concepts associated with flexibility and aggregation, the necessary modifications for the functioning of flexibility aggregation are formulated. Next, foreign methods of energy regulation are mentioned, as well as possible obstacles to these new methods in the respective countries. The paper concludes with an analysis of data from Pecan Street Inc. to show the effect of flexibility on daily load profile and the similarity of power waveforms throughout the day for provided households.
|
|
|
Vliv huminových kyselin na vybrané půdní charakteristiky
KLENOTOVÁ, Eva
Humic substances, especially humic acids, are classified among the so-called soil auxiliary substances that positively affect the quality of the soil. As part of the diploma thesis, humic acids were isolated from these sources. Their influence on selected soil characteristics was investigated, particularly the carbon content in different size fractions and the number of water-resistant macroaggregates. The experiment was conducted in the form of pot vegetation experiments. It was found that the highest content of organic carbon contained leonardite. On the contrary, the smallest amount was found in the compost. The influence of humic acids on the formation of macroaggregates was demonstrated by the method of dry and wet sieving. The best effects were achieved when humic acids from leonardite and peat were applied. In all variants of wet sieving, vegetation had a positive impact on the macroaggregate formation, which may result from the synergistic effect of humic acids and the activity of plant roots.
|
|
|
The influence of metabolites and their parent phenolic compounds on blood platelets
Hrubša, Marcel ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Moťovská, Zuzana (referee) ; Kollár, Peter (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Marcel Hrubša Supervisor: Prof. PharmDr. Přemysl Mladěnka, Ph.D. Title of dissertation thesis: The influence of metabolites and their parent phenolic compounds on blood platelets Acute cardiovascular events (ACEs), such as stroke and acute coronary syndromes encompassing acute myocardial infarction, are one of the main causes of cardiovascular mortality in the world. Current pharmacotherapy focuses primarily on secondary prevention of their recurrence, where antiplatelet drugs play a key role. These drugs reduce platelet hyperreactivity, which is present in the majority of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and significantly decrease the risk of ACEs. However, the palette of currently available drugs faces many issues, such as resistance, high variability in both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, serious side effects and the route of administration. This thesis firstly briefly summarizes the current knowledge of platelet physiology along with available antiplatelet drugs and their mechanism of action. Second part of the theoretical introduction is dedicated to polyphenolic compounds, as polyphenol-rich diet is associated with many beneficial effects, particularly...
|
|
|
Tvorba kompozitního indikátoru a jeho interpretace pro region střední Afriky.
Schillerová, Monika
The aim of the Diploma Thesis is a formation of a composite indicator, its consequent interpretation and finally, drawing up of a proposal aimed at reaching a higher level of sustainable development. In the literary research part you will find all the terms related to sustainable development, composite indicators and methods used for formation of these composite indicators explained. The Diploma Thesis includes a statistical solution of the stated problems along with a graphical and table presentation of the results reached. The concluding proposal part contains recommendations directed at the most problematic or the weakest areas in the Central African countries.
|
|
| |
|
|
Detection of functional disorders of platelets using the PFA device in comparison with conventional aggregometry
Klausová, Kateřina ; Bártů, Iva (advisor) ; Blažková, Hana (referee)
UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE 2. lékařská fakulta Oddělení klinické hematologie ve FN Motol Kateřina Klausová Detection of functional disorders of platelets using the PFA device in comparison with conventional aggregometry Bachelor work Abstract The theme of this work is to compare two devices designed for measuring functional disorders of platelets - the PFA device and the agreggometer. The PFA device was introduced recently and measures closure time of capillary in a special cartridge. The measurement takes place in a whole blood sample. Aggregometer is used for stimulation of platelet aggregation by the inductors. The measurement takes place in platelet rich plasma. This work compares results of patients whose blood samples were measured on both devices. It figures out whether the results of the devices match and describes their advantages and disadvantages. The work leads to conclusion that is appropriate to use both devices for complementary results in the laboratory. Comparsion of patient samples demonstrates that patients with reduced percentage of aggregation have also prolonged capillary closure time.
|
|
|
Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering of Zn(II) porphyrins in systems with aggregated and non-aggregated Ag nanoparticles
Spáčil, Dušan ; Vlčková, Blanka (advisor) ; Procházka, Marek (referee)
In this diploma thesis, SERRS(Surface - enhanced resonance Raman Scattering) and SERS (Surface - enhanced Raman Scattering), surface of plasmon extinction spectra and TEM images of systems with tetracationic zinc porphyrin ZnTMPyP and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were studied and interpreted. The systems with isolated nanoparticles and the systems with compact aggregates were investigated. The systems with isolated nanoparticles were prepared by addition of ZnTMPyP to hydrosol of Ag NPs. NaCl was added to this system and so compact aggregates were prepared. SERRS and SERS spectra of ZnTMPyP were studied at excitation wavelengths λexc= 441.6 nm a 532 nm. Firstly, stationary systems and secondly dynamic development of hydrosol Ag NPs → Ag NPs/ ZnTMPyP → Ag NPs/ ZnTMPyP/ NaCl systems for 680 s was investigated. Time evolution of SERRS and SERS spectra were analyzed by factor analysis (FA) and time evolution of spectra extinction plasmon were measured. FA showed a strong increase of the signal of ZnTMPyP after the addition of NaCl, i.e. after conversion of isolated nanoparticles to compact aggregates. In these systems with high concentration of ZnTMPyP the increase of signal was succeeded by its decreased. With help of FA the limit of SERRS spectral detection (λexc= 441,6 nm) and limit of SERS spectral...
|
|
|
Coagulation of organic matter produced by phytoplankton
Načeradská, Jana ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee) ; Janda, Václav (referee)
This dissertation thesis focuses on the removability of algal organic matter (AOM) by coagulation during water treatment and also on the influence of AOM on the coagulation of other substances present in source water. Special emphasis is put on the description of coagulation mechanisms. The effectiveness of AOM removal by coagulation was investigated by coagulation tests performed with optimized doses of coagulants (aluminium or ferric sulphate) under different pH values. Peptides and proteins contained in cellular organic matter of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa were used in the experiments since they have been previously reported to disturb the coagulation process. Moreover, peptides and proteins underwent coagulation experiments together with kaolin particles, representing clay particles in turbid waters, in both the presence and absence of coagulants to investigate the effect of AOM on the coagulation of turbid waters. To enable the description of coagulation mechanisms, AOM were characterised in terms of charge, functional groups, molecular weight and ability to form dissolved complexes with coagulant metals. The experimental results demonstrated that the removability of peptides and proteins is greatly dependent on pH value and on the properties of the involved particles or molecules....
|
guest ::
