|
|
Trypanosomes from the T. theileri group in ungulates in the Czech Republic
Brotánková, Anna ; Brzoňová, Jana (advisor) ; Juránková, Jana (referee)
The Trypanosoma theileri group are blood parasites of ungulates. Confirmed vectors of these protists are horseflies or sheep keds for T. melophagium, but these trypanosomes were also detected in deer keds, mosquitoes and phlebotomus. We targeted on the investigation of possibility mosquitoes acting as vectors and additionally we targeted on the prevalence of T. theileri in mosquitoes at selected locations in the Czech Republic due to previous positive detection there. The measured prevalence has reached 6,4 % in mosquitoes, 4 % in deer keds and 16,7 % in sheep keds. The aim of experimental infections was to discover a potential of mosquitoes and phlebotomus acting as vectors of the T. theileri. Phlebotomus perniciosus and three species of mosquitoes Culex pipiens molestus, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes vexans were used for those experiments. Furthermore, isolates of T. theileri and T. melophagium from different sources were used. The divergence among these isolates and among used species of insect was found. The best results were achieved with Ae. aegypti and isolates from mosquitoes, where prevalence had reached 90,8 %. The infected mosquitoes were used for prediuresis research which had shown infection forms of the trypanosomes in the urine liquid. The phylogenetic analyse of T....
|
|
|
The role of biting midges in avian blood parasites transmission
Chobotová, Kristýna ; Brzoňová, Jana (advisor) ; Kočišová, Alica (referee)
Biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are hematophagous in- sects mainly important as vectors of viral diseases of farm animals. They have shifted to the forefront of scientific interest in the Czech Republic primarily in relation to the Bluetongue Virus spread since 2007. However, they have been often ignored as vectors of parasitic infec- tions, especially if these are not pathogens of economic importance. In birds, which are the focus of this bachelor's thesis, biting midges are the most significant vector mainly for the genus Haemoproteus, they transmit at least 24 species of these protozoa. On the other hand, they are proven vectors for only one species of the genus Leucocytozoon - L. caulleryi. Trans- mission has been proven for three species of the genus Trypanosoma - T. avium, T. bennetti and T. everetti. Biting midges also transmit helminths of the family Onchocercidae, they play a role as vectors for the genera Eufilaria, Chandlerella and Splendidofilaria. The goal of this bachelor's thesis is to gather information about biting midges as vectors of avian blood parasites - protozoa of the genera Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon and Trypanosoma and helminths of the family Onchocercidae. Key words: biting midges, parasite, vector, host, bird, Haemoproteus,...
|
|
|
Trypanosomes from the T. theileri group in ungulates in the Czech Republic
Brotánková, Anna ; Brzoňová, Jana (advisor) ; Juránková, Jana (referee)
The Trypanosoma theileri group are blood parasites of ungulates. Confirmed vectors of these protists are horseflies or sheep keds for T. melophagium, but these trypanosomes were also detected in deer keds, mosquitoes and phlebotomus. We targeted on the investigation of possibility mosquitoes acting as vectors and additionally we targeted on the prevalence of T. theileri in mosquitoes at selected locations in the Czech Republic due to previous positive detection there. The measured prevalence has reached 6,4 % in mosquitoes, 4 % in deer keds and 16,7 % in sheep keds. The aim of experimental infections was to discover a potential of mosquitoes and phlebotomus acting as vectors of the T. theileri. Phlebotomus perniciosus and three species of mosquitoes Culex pipiens molestus, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes vexans were used for those experiments. Furthermore, isolates of T. theileri and T. melophagium from different sources were used. The divergence among these isolates and among used species of insect was found. The best results were achieved with Ae. aegypti and isolates from mosquitoes, where prevalence had reached 90,8 %. The infected mosquitoes were used for prediuresis research which had shown infection forms of the trypanosomes in the urine liquid. The phylogenetic analyse of T....
|
|
|
Spreading ebola virus from primary sources through the bush meat and its impact in west Africa
Kremláčková, Romana
This presented bachelor thesis is focused on the spreading of the Ebola virus (EBOV) from the primary sources through the bush meat and its impact on the society. This impact can have this disease, mainly if the Ebola virus disease (EVD) can extend to other areas. In the thesis an analysis of socio-economic environment is included, the latest biggest outbreak of the disease between the years 2013 and 2016, monitoring the period of the outbreak by World Health Organization (WHO) and Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The questionnaire survey on the African cultural eating and hygiene habits that could be related to bush meat and EVD spreading, was also carried out. Questionnaire was used as an additional material. In general was found out that most of the respondents have a good hygiene habits and buy meat mainly from informal sector. The main goal of the thesis is to find out the initial appearance of the EBOV and its spreading through the different possible ways. Gained knowledge could be used by WHO and other organizations for evaluation of the next outbreaks.
|
|
|
Návrh a testování způsobů zvýšení účinnosti transfekce živočišných buněk
Štěpánková, Hana
Master’s thesis deals with the design and testing of methods of increasing the transfection efficiency in mammalian cells. In this work a polyethylenimine (PEI) transfection method was used. The transfection efficiency was tested using MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line and pcDNA3.1-GFP-hMT-TOPO vector. We focused on optimization of PEI (1-6 µg) and plasmid DNA (1-3 µg) concentration, transfection time (0-48 h), number of cells per 9 cm2 (100,000-2 million) and medium composition. A complex containing linear penetration peptides (CPPs) KALA and GALA was assembled. Concentration of CPPs (7,5-45 µg) was optimized and a zeta potential and a size of the complexes were investigated. Due to the formation of large aggregates (over 1200 nm), modification with polyethyleneglycol (PEGylation) of PEI was performed. With the resulting complexes (~15 nm), transfection was performed. Transfection and apoptosis induction rates were compared between PEI and PEGylated PEI and as the best was chosen conjugate of PEGylated PEI (3 µg) with 45 µg of GALA and 3 µg pDNA with efficiency of 75%.
|
|
|
Genová terapie, její principy, mechanizmy a typy vektorů
Dobešová, Lucie
In the beginning chapters, the thesis deals with general information about gene therapy and its history. The following chapters provide information on its principles (both classical and gene therapy in conjunction with CRISPR/Cas9) and the vectors that enable the gene therapy process to take place. In the final chapters, the thesis deals with model organisms that are used for clinical trials, the use of gene therapy in human patients and the ethical and safety circumstances associated with its use.
|
|
|
Avian haemosporidia: Prevalence, host specificity, vectors
Janíčková, Lada ; Svobodová, Milena (advisor) ; Kvičerová, Jana (referee)
Haemosporidia are a group of protozoan parasites that shifts between vertebrates and insect vectors during a complicated life cycle. In this thesis I have focused on two of the genera infecting birds, Plasmodium and Haemoproteus (sometimes together referred to as avian malaria) in terms of their host specificity and prevalence in avian hosts and vectors. These globally distributed genera have different vectors, and although they both attack bird hosts, they have different host specificities. While the genus Plasmodium is rather generalistic, the genus Haemoproteus is more host specific. Key words: host specificity, prevalence, bird Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, vector, bird host
|
|
| |
|
|
High-Quality Visualization of Petri Nets for Publishing Purposes
Bednář, Drahoslav ; Kočí, Radek (referee) ; Janoušek, Vladimír (advisor)
This work is trying to solve the problem of graphical visualization of Petri nets in text publications. The aim of the thesis is to create a tool that will simplify generating of Petri nets and at the same time provide a more aesthetic graphical output than existing tools do. A simplex algorithm was used for automatic network layout. The program has both graphical interface and text mode and can cooperate well with existing tools for working with Petri nets, which the text also mentions. The program is able to load a pnml file and produce a usable image in png, pdf, and svg formats.
|
|
|
Transgenic mosquitos as a tool for lower incidence of malaria
Čermáková, Eliška ; Schierová, Michaela (advisor) ; Král, Jiří (referee)
Malaria is an infectious disease causing high lethality, mainly in tropic and subtropic Africa. The disease is caused by unicellular Plasmodium and transmitted by infected Anopheles mosquito females. Genetic manipulations in mosquitos are promising approach in malaria vector control. There are two important ways of genetic manipulations in mosquitos: reduction and substitution strategies. In the former one, transgenic male mosquitos are used to achieve long term mosquito population size reduction. The aim of different substitution strategies is the production of transgenic mosquitos refractory to Plasmodium infection, unable to ensure Plasmodium development. These transgenic insects should replace the original mosquito population. Both strategies are under proposals and testing in laboratory conditions. Key words: Transgenic mosquitos, vector, Plasmodium, malaria
|
guest ::
