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Molecular characterisation of microsporidia causing nosematosis in bees
HANUŠOVÁ, Adéla
Microsporidia of the genera Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae cause bee intestinal disease, which is widespread throughout the world, including the Czech Republic. The aim of my bachelor thesis was to evaluate the occurrence of Nosema in various places in the Czech Republic. The literature contains only a limited amount of information about nosematosis caused by both microsporidia. In total, over 135 samples were taken from 27 sites. Samples were taken from November 2019 to January 2020. Sampling took place in the vicinity of large cities, in their vicinity, where the landscape was cultivated and in places with little agricultural impact. After analysis of the obtained samples by PCR, the vast majority of microsporidia of Nosema cerenae was present, while Nosema apis was nowhere.
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Monitoring of floral visitors and their importance on comon buckwheat
NOLČ, Radek
Common buckwheat is a crop that attracts many pollinators. The most important of these is honeybee. The aim of this bachelor's thesis was to find out what share of honeybee is on the pollination of common buckwheat and what its significance for the yield of archenes at different sowing times. A small-plot field experiment was established in the Pilsen Region, in the place of Zábělá, on three sowing times (1st May, 1st June and 1st July 2019).The buckwheat stand was evaluated from the point of: flowering time, total vegetation time of the stand, number of inflorescences and flowers on a plant, number of archenes on a plant, the weight of thousand of archenes and the yield of archenes. Monitoring of pollinators was performed at the time of buckwheat flowering at 9, 11 and 14 hours, during 10 minutes, using photos. The share of honeybees on the pollination of buckwheat was 29% of effective pollinators. A total of 24 insect species were recorded on buckwheat flowers. The highest number of buckwheat pollinators was recorded in July (21 species). The most common effective pollinator of buckwheat were hoverflies (57%). The most visits of honeybees were recorded at the second sowing time (on 1 June 2019), which also had the highest expected yield.
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The differences in the virome of different populations of honey bee (Apis mellifera)
Kadlečková, Dominika ; Tachezy, Ruth (advisor) ; Votýpka, Jan (referee)
European honey bee (Apis mellifera) is major pollinator for agriculture and vital for food production. Large number of viruses infecting A. mellifera have been discovered over the years, but it isn't yet known if they are pathogenic for their host. However, presence of non-viral pathogens like Varroa destructor can greatly increase their virulence and have fatal consequences for the colony. The aim of this study was to test and verify robustness of the method for virome detection on healthy honey bees from the Czech Republic. Last but not least we aimed to detect non-viral parasites and correlate their presence with detected viruses. We have successfully identified large number of viral sequences from different viral families. Viral composition was found to be influenced mainly by colony from where the honey bees were collected. That was mainly given by a large amount of bacteriophages in the samples. However, analysis of individual viruses, known to infect honey bee, indicated that viral prevalence and viral loads of specific viruses is quite different among individual honey bees from the same colony. Interestingly we were able to find highly diverse Lake Sinai viruses. We were able to observe correlations either between individual viruses or viral other non-viral pathogens. Further analysis is...
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Honeybee parasites and their influence on the gut microbiome.
Řezníková, Johanka ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Votýpka, Jan (referee)
Given the great ecological and economic importance of the honeybee, the health of honeybee colonies is under intense research. The scientific community is desperately trying to understand the heavy losses in the honeybee population, which we are currently facing. The reduction in their population could be caused by insecticides, weather, diet composition, disruption gut microbiome, some bacteria, viruses, and parasites. A lot of information is known about individual stress factors, less so about the interaction between them. This work is therefore focused on summarising information about a few chosen honeybee parasites with consideration for their effect on the microbiome of the digestive tract. There were chosen six of the most important and commonly discussed species of parasites: Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, Crithidia mellificae and Lotmaria passim, Varroa destructor, and Acarapis woodi. The first chapter is dedicated to the honeybee, its taxonomy, anatomy, life in the colony, and defense against pathogens. The second chapter discusses more details of the intestinal microbiome of bees, its composition, function, and disturbance. The following sections focus on individual bee parasites and their effect on the host's intestinal microbiome.
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Paenibacillus larave destroying the honeybees (Apis mellifera) population
Haltufová, Kristýna ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Kamler, Martin (referee)
Paenibacillus larvae is Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria. This pathogen threatens one of the most considerable worldwide pollinators - the honeybee (Apis mellifera). It is causative agent of bee disease called American foulbrood. Although it affects only bee larvae, preferably on the first day of its live, it is highly contagious and could quickly destroy whole bee colony. Adult bees are not susceptible to infection, however due to huge spores resilient of P. larvae, they perform the role of main disease vector. Also the careless beekeepers make it easier to spread. Bee diseases are enquired by state veterinary administration, because honeybee is classified as a livestock. If disease evolves to clinic phase, infected bees and hive with all tools must be burned. American foulbrood is one of the most deleterious bee diseases. This bachelor thesis discuss about problems of whole disease and it is focused on the interactions between bacteria Paenibacillus larvae, hymenoptera insect honeybee and human factor presented by beekeepers, state veterinary administration and corresponding laws. Key words: Paenibacillus larvae, American Foulbrood, entomopathogenic bacteria, Apis mellifera, honeybee
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Beekeeping Exposition of the Prague Botanical Garden and its Application in the Process of Education
Fialová, Alžběta ; Skýbová, Jana (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
Beekeeping Exposition of the Prague Botanical Garden and its Application in the Process of Education This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of a beekeeping exposition of the Prague Botanical Garden currently in a phase of planning. It is divided in two parts. In the first part, the honey bee (Apis mellifera) is described - its anatomy, ethology, diseases and bee products. In the last chapter of the theoretical part an example of a possible use of a traditional artificial hive in primary school education is introduced. The second part is dedicated to the beekeeping exposition itself and includes a questionnaire survey, the aim of which is to find out to what extent the topic of the honey bee is dealt with in the curriculum; whether schools organize any events related to the topic such as discussion forums or educational excursions to eco-centres; or whether schools would be interested in the planned exposition as well as available materials such as worksheets. Furthermore, the planned exposition is described and its possible application in the process of education is suggested. Later, significant plants suitable for beekeeping, which had been mentioned in the description of the exposition proposal, are thoroughly described in a well-arranged chart. At the end of the thesis, a worksheet for lower...
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The differences in the virome of different populations of honey bee (Apis mellifera)
Kadlečková, Dominika ; Tachezy, Ruth (advisor) ; Votýpka, Jan (referee)
European honey bee (Apis mellifera) is major pollinator for agriculture and vital for food production. Large number of viruses infecting A. mellifera have been discovered over the years, but it isn't yet known if they are pathogenic for their host. However, presence of non-viral pathogens like Varroa destructor can greatly increase their virulence and have fatal consequences for the colony. The aim of this study was to test and verify robustness of the method for virome detection on healthy honey bees from the Czech Republic. Last but not least we aimed to detect non-viral parasites and correlate their presence with detected viruses. We have successfully identified large number of viral sequences from different viral families. Viral composition was found to be influenced mainly by colony from where the honey bees were collected. That was mainly given by a large amount of bacteriophages in the samples. However, analysis of individual viruses, known to infect honey bee, indicated that viral prevalence and viral loads of specific viruses is quite different among individual honey bees from the same colony. Interestingly we were able to find highly diverse Lake Sinai viruses. We were able to observe correlations either between individual viruses or viral other non-viral pathogens. Further analysis is...
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Honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers as transmitters and reservoirs of American foulbrood (Paenibacillus larvae)
Haltufová, Kristýna ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Kamler, Martin (referee)
Paenibacillus larvae is a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium that affects and kills the larvae of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) and causes the American foulbrood disease. Adults bees do not become infected, but they transmit tenacious spores within the hive and between hives and can infect larvae while caring for them. It is not allowed by law to treat bees in the Czech Republic, but the recommended preventive method for reducing the amount of spores in the hive is the shook swarm method (bees are moved to a new clean hive and the old hive is destroyed with all brood and supplies). The aim of this work was to detect and quantify P. larvae in bee workers using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In the first experiment, the two set of samples were taken - bees before and after the shook swarm method, but the expected decrease in spores in the samples taken after shook swarm was not confirmed, and conversely, non-specific products were amplified. In the second experiment, the presence of P. larvae spores in samples from heavily infected hives (with clinical symptoms of American foulbrood) and from hives with almost no findings of P. larvae spores, both originating from the same habitat, were compared. In this case, the differences were clearly visible. There were not...
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Uplatnění medu ve výrobě potravin
Lukášová, Lucie
Use of Honey in Food Production. This bachelor thesis deals with the honey as a bee product, its composition as well as the product produced by honeybee. Practical part incudes a formula of gingerbread with five various ingredients. Honey represents the crucial one out of these ingredients, so we can talk about its irreplaceability in the food industry.
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Srovnání vývoje a produkce včelstev zimovaných na zásobách z invertního a řepného cukru
Musila, Jan
This thesis is focused on nutrition specifics of honeybee (Apis mellifera) and its ontogenetic stages, particularly on carbohydrates. The effects of sugar beet saccharose and invert syrup made from sugar beet as feeds for winter stores supply on overwintering, bee colony condition in early spring and the consequent honey yield were evaluated. In total, 70 bee colonies were included in the field experiment. The experiment was made on 6 apiaries in 4 locations within the Czech Republic. The thesis deals with particular tasks associated with chemical components which have negative impact on honeybee and which might occur in artificial feeds. It suggests potential solution of their appearance reduction in bee feeds. Problematics of honey adulteration regarding the type of used bee feed are discussed.
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